(Chemistry) Chapter 7 Section B- Carbohydrates and Fats Study Guide- Jaren Katz

What is the formula for a Triglyceride molecule?

1 Glycerol Molecule + 3 Fatty Acid Molecules---> 1 Triglyceride (fat) molecule + 3 Water Molecules.

What is Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose made up of?

1) Sucrose is Cane Sugar that consists of Fructose+Glucose. 2) Lactose is Milk Sugar that consists of Galactose+Glucose. 3) Maltose is Germinating Seeds that consists of Glucose+Glucose.

How many Calories do you obtain from consuming 1 gram of carbohydrates?

1g of Carbohydrates= 4 Calories

The starting substance that becomes "used up" first during a chemical reaction is what?

A limiting reactant

What is a Triglyceride?

A triglyceride is a fat molecule that is made up of a three-carbon molecule called glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.

You are planning a camping trip, where you must carry all your food and equipment. To save weight, you need foods that have a high number of Calories per gram. What food below would be needed for the trip: A.candy canes (carbohydrate) B. bacon (fatty) C. 99% lean meat (protein) D. nutrient supplement (vitamins)

B. Bacon (Fatty)

What is the molecular formula for carbohydrates?

C6H12O6

What is Cellulose?

Cellulose is a polymer composed of many monosaccharide units and it is the fibrous or woody material of plants and trees.

What are the main starches eaten in the United States?

Corn, Wheat, and Potatoes

What are disaccharides and how are they formed?

Disaccharides are sugar molecules composed of two monosaccharides bonded together and they are formed by a condensation reaction.

What are Fats?

Fats are molecules that are made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule and they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Fats are non-polar and not soluble in water.

What are three functions of fats?

Fats are used to store energy in the body, insulate body tissues, and transport fat-soluble vitamins in the blood.

What is the difference between fats and carbohydrates?

Fats: 1) Fats store twice more chemical energy than carbohydrates. 2) Fats are non-polar and not soluble in water. 3) Fats can be stored in your body for energy. 4) 1gram of fat= 9 Calories Carbohydrates: 1) Carbohydrates are soluble in water. 2) Carbohydrates can not be stored in your body for energy. 3) 1gram of carbohydrates= 4 Calories

What are Fatty Acids?

Fatty Acids are a class of organic compounds composed of long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group.

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose

What are the common names for Glucose and Fructose?

Glucose= Blood Sugar & Fructose= Fruit Sugar

What is Glycogen?

Glycogen is the carbohydrate by which animals store glucose.

Vegetable oils to which hydrogen has been added are commonly marketed as what?

Margarine

What are Monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules that contain five or six carbon molecules like glucose and fructose.

What 3 structures can carbohydrates be classified as?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

What is the difference between Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats?

Monounsaturated Fats contain just one carbon-carbon double bond and Polyunsaturated Fats contain two or more Carbon-Carbon double bonds.

What are carbohydrates?

Organic compounds composed of carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O); classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

What are polysaccharides?

Polysaccharides are sugar molecules who contains two or more monosaccharides bonded together.

Vegetable fats that contain many carbon-carbon double bonds are ______ and animal fats that have only single bonds between carbons are ___________

Polyunsaturated and Saturated

What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats?

Saturated Fats are solids and they are molecules consisting of only single carbon-carbon bonds and Unsaturated Fats are liquids and they are also molecules consisting of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

What are the functions of starch and glycogen?

Starch and glycogen serve as short-term energy stores in plants and animals.

What is starch?

Starch is a storage polysaccharide of plants made up of glucose monomers.

What are 3 examples of polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose

Table sugar, beet sugar, and cane sugar are common names for the disaccharide eaten most by the average American and is known by chemists as what?

Sucrose

What is sucrose?

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of the ring forms of glucose and fructose.

What are 3 examples of disaccharides?

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose

What are 3 examples of Carbohydrates?

Sugars, Cellulose, and Starch

What is Glucose?

The most common monosaccharide in organisms and the primary energy source for cells.

How do you make and lose fats?

You make fats when you consume more food than is needed to satisfy energy requirements and then that excess energy is stored in our body as fats. You lose fats when your intake of food is low to satisfy energy requirements and then that stored fat is burned to release energy to make up the difference.