Chemistry Chapter 7
What is the ending for monoatomic anions?
"ide" (Sodium Chloride, Magnesium Nitride)
What is the charge on the cation in the ionic compound sodium sulfide?
1+
Solve: Sr(3)Bi(2)
Strontium Bismide
Compound: Sr + N = ?
Strontium Nitride
The valence electrons largely determine the _______ of an element and are usually the only electrons used in ________
chemical properties, chemical bonds
An ionic bond is a bond between ________
A cation and anion
Ionic compound
A compound composed of positive and negative ions
Electron Dot Structure
A depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element
Alloy
A mixture composed of two or more elements at least one of which is a metal
Cation
A positively charged ion
Substitutional Alloys
Alloys that have component atoms that are roughly equal in size
Interstitial Alloys
Alloys that have smaller atoms that fit into the spaces between larger atoms
Compound: Al + S = ?
Aluminum Sulfide
Ion
An atom that gains or loses electrons
Chemical Formula
An expression that number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance
Halide Ion
An ion of chlorine or other halogen
Anion
Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
Octet rule
Atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas
Solve: Calcium and it's cation
Ca [Ar18] 4s^2 > Ca^2+ > [Ar18]
Chemical formula for Calcium + Phosphorus
Calcium Phosphoride Ca(3)P(2)
Solve: Calcium + Phosphorus
Calcium Phosphoride, Ca(3)P(2)
Compound: Mg + Cl = ?
Magnesium Chloride
In what order do you write compounds?
Metal then nonmetal or cation then anion
Solve with ionic charge and electron configuration: Magnesium
Mg [Ne10] 3s Mg^2+ > [Ne10]
Solve: Magnesium (IV) Nitride
Mn(3)N(4)
2 types of Anions
Monoatomic & Polyatomic
What occurs in an ionic bond?
Oppositely charged ions attract
What is the formula of the ion formed when phosphorous achieves a noble gas electron configuration?
P^3-
Chemical formula for Radium + Arsenic
Radium Arsenide Ra(3)As(2)
Solve: Rubidium Acetate
Rb(C2H3O2)
In what order do transition metals lose their electrons?
SDPF
Solve: Ag(3)N
Silver Nitride
Chemical formula for Sodium + Chlorine
Sodium Chloride NaCl
Ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature?
Solid
How many valence electrons does Helium have?
2
How many valence electrons does a helium atom have?
2
What charge does the "Zinc group" always have?
2+
How many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?
3
How many valence electrons do noble gasses have (excluding helium)?
8
3 properties of ionic compounds
Crystalline solids at room temperature High melting points Conducts electric current when melted or dissolved in water
What is the electrical charge of an ionic compound?
Electrically charged neutral
True or False: Ionic compounds have generally low melting points
False
Solve: Fe^2+
Fe [Ar18] 4s^2 3d^6 = Fe^2+ > 3d^6
2 types Cations
Fixed & Not fixed
Chemical formula for Gallium + Oxygen
Gallium Oxide Ga(2)O(3)
Which groups are fixed cations?
Group 1A, 2A, 3A
What are the charges for groups 1A-3A
Group 1A: + or 1+ Group 2A: 2+ Group 3A: 3+
Which group doesn't form cations?
Group 4A
What are the charges for groups 5A-7A?
Group 5A: 3- Group 6A: 2- Group 7A: - or 1-
The octet rule states that in chemical compounds atoms tend to have __________
The electron configuration of a noble gas
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms
Ionic bond
The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together
Ionic Bond
The force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together
Metallic bond
The force of attraction that holds metals together (free floating valence electrons for positively charged metal ions)
Formula unit
The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
Coordination Number
The number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal
Formula unit example
The ratio of Magnesium ions to Chloride ions 1:2
The electron configuration of a Fluoride ion F- is _______
The same of that of a neon atom
Why are alloys important?
Their properties are superior to those of their component elements
What property of nonmetallic elements makes them more likely to gain electrons than lose electrons?
They have relatively full valence shells
How can you model the valence electrons of metals atoms?
They're modeled as a sea of electrons
Solve: Thallium Oxalate
Ti(2)(C2O4)3
True or False: The group number of a representative element in the periodic table is related to the number of valence electrons it has.
True
How are anions formed?
When an atom gains one or more valence electrons
How are cations formed?
When an atom loses one or more valence electrons
What is the electron configuration of the calcium ion?
[Ar18] 3s^2