Chemistry for changing times 14th edition. chapter 15

1) The SI unit of energy is the A) joule. B) calorie. C) gram. D) watt.

A)

12) Which of the following is an endothermic process? A) evaporation of water B) burning of wood C) explosion of dynamite D) discharging of a battery

A)

14) The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) Boyle's law. D) the third law of thermodynamics.

A)

19) Which physical state has the lowest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy

A)

21) The second law of thermodynamics defines A) entropy. B) energy. C) heat. D) temperature.

A)

26) The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is A) coal. B) natural gas. C) petroleum. D) wood.

A)

27) The primary element in coal is A) carbon. B) silicon. C) sulfur. D) nitrogen.

A)

28) When coal burns A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy. B) heat energy is created. C) chemical energy is destroyed. D) heat energy is converted to electrical energy.

A)

31) To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be A) distilled. B) filtered. C) reduced. D) washed with water.

A)

32) What metal, when added as a compound, increases octane rating of gasoline? A) Pb B) Hg C) Zn D) Cu

A)

33) Catalytic reforming is a process for converting A) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated aromatics. B) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated aromatics. C) low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated branched alkanes. D) high octane rated alkanes into low octane rated branched alkanes.

A)

37) Which of the following forms of energy is the dirtiest? A) coal B) electricity C) natural gas D) petroleum

A)

13) The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of A) conservation of mass. B) conservation of energy. C) creation of energy. D) destruction of energy.

B)

15) Another name for the first law of thermodynamics is A) the law of conservation of matter. B) the law of conservation of energy. C) the periodic law of the elements. D) the law of universal gravitation.

B)

16) The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law? A) the first law B) the second law C) the third law D) the fourth law

B)

17) The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics? A) first law B) second law C) third law D) fourth law

B)

23) In any conversion of energy from one form to another, some of the energy ends up as A) entropy. B) heat. C) electricity. D) radioactivity.

B)

24) The inevitable energy lost as heat in the generation of electrical energy in the most efficient fossil fuel based power plant is a result of A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) a poor understanding of energy conversion. D) designed inefficiencies to increase costs to the consumer.

B)

25) Fuels are ________ forms of matter. A) oxidized B) reduced C) acidic D) basic

B)

29) When coal is heated in the absence of air, the solid left behind is called A) coal. B) coke. C) coal tar. D) carbon.

B)

30) The major component of natural gas is A) hexane. B) methane. C) pentane. D) ethane.

B)

34) The number of hydrocarbons that make up the mixture called gasoline is A) less than 100. B) less than 1000. C) more than 2000. D) more than 1,000,000.

B)

35) When petroleum is separated in a distillation tower, the fraction that does not vaporize is A) petroleum jelly. B) asphalt. C) lubricants. D) heating oil.

B)

36) For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is A) chemical. B) electrical. C) mechanical. D) solar.

B)

39) Tailings are the name for A) radioactive waste from spent nuclear fuel. B) radioactive waste produced during the mining of uranium. C) radioactive coolant water. D) radioactive ash from coal fired power plants.

B)

40) The principal fuel(s) for nuclear fusion would be A) uranium-235 and uranium-238. B) deuterium and tritium (2H and 3H). C) plutonium-238. D) water.

B)

6) Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy? A) a compressed spring B) a nuclear explosion C) a tank of gasoline D) a batter waiting for the ball to be pitched

B)

8) The decomposition of 2 mol of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 mol of water A) requires 137 kcal. B) releases 137 kcal. C) requires more than 137 kcal. D) releases more than 137 kcal.

B)

10) Burning one mole of propane according to the following reaction: C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O liberates 526 kcal of energy. If all of the coefficients are tripled, how much energy will be released? A) 526 kcal B) 1052 kcal C) 1578 kcal D) 175.3 kcal

C)

2) A watt is A) 1 s/joule. B) 1 cal/s. C) 1 joule/s. D) 1 s/cal.

C)

20) Which physical state has the greatest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy

C)

22) Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in entropy? A) Water boils. B) A child scatters her toys around the room. C) A student cleans his dorm room. D) All of the above result in increased entropy.

C)

4) The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the A) atmosphere. B) stratosphere. C) biosphere. D) hemisphere.

C)

5) All of the following examples are classified as potential energy EXCEPT A) energy stored by position. B) energy in nuclear particles. C) energy of a moving object. D) energy in chemical bonds.

C)

11) According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because A) molecules move faster at higher temperatures. B) molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures. C) molecules have more energy at higher temperatures. D) All of the above are true.

D)

18) Recycling of aluminum beverage cans is an example of the fact that A) increasing entropy is a spontaneous process. B) increasing entropy is a nonspontaneous process. C) decreasing entropy is a spontaneous process. D) decreasing entropy is a nonspontaneous process.

D)

3) How many joules of energy will a heater rated at 1500 watts use in a 24 hour period? A) 1500 B) 1500 × 24 × 60 C) 1500 × 3600 D) 1500 × 24 × 3600

D)

38) Which problem do all electric power plants have in common? A) excess capacity B) release of radioactivity C) sulfur dioxide emission D) thermal pollution

D)

7) Burning 1 mol of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water produces 803 kJ of energy. How much energy is produced when 3 mol of methane is burned? A) 268 kJ B) 1205 kJ C) 803 kJ D) 2409 kJ

D)

9) Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up? A) raising the temperature B) increasing the concentration of reactants C) adding a catalyst D) All of these will speed up the rate of a reaction.

D)