Chemistry midterm

exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

heterogeneous mixture

a combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of...

ion

a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)

extensive property

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

intensive property

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

carbonic acid

a reaction is predicted to occur when carbon (IV) oxide is bubbled into water, because of the formation of...

distilling

a separation process that depends on differing abilities of substances to form gases

homogeneous mixture

a small amount of salt dissolved in water is an example of a...

number of protons

a sulfur atom and a sulfur ion have the same: physical properties, chemical properties, number of protons, number of electrons

number of protons

all atoms of a given element have the same...

a solid dissolving

all of the following are evidence that a chemical reaction most likely occurs except: formation of a precipitate, a solid dissolving, production of bubbles, temperature change, gas given off

burning of coal

an example of an exothermic reaction that releases energy as it occurs is: melting of ice, burning of coal, boiling water, a chemical ice pack, none of the above

dissolving of sugar in water

an example of physical change is: dissolving of sugar in water, souring of milk, rusting of iron, tarnishing of silver, decaying of an apple

react with an acid to form hydrogen gas

chemical property of active metals is the ability to: conduct heat, react with an acid to form hydrogen gas, be hammered into thin sheets, take high luster when polished, can be drawn into a thin wire

Cu 2+

cupric

Cu 1+

cuprous

nonmetals

dull, elements that are non-malleable, non-ductile, and are non-conductors of heat and electricity

electrons

during a chemical reaction, atoms gain, lose, or share...

protons and neutrons

elements that reside in the atomic nucleus

Fe 3+

ferric

Fe 2+

ferrous

precision

how close a measured number is to other measured numbers

accuracy

how close a measured number is to the true value

the condensation of water vapor

in the following list, only __________ is not an example of a chemical reaction: the disingegration of a penny in nitric acid, the condensation of water vapor, a burning candle, the formation of polyethylene from ethylene, the rusting of iron

hypothesis

initial or tentative explanation of an observation

protons; neutrons

isotopes are atoms that have the same number of ________ but differing numbers of _________

compound

matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical processes, but can be decomposed into other substances by chemical processes

Hg 2+

mercuric

Hg 1+

mercurous

volume

of the followig, which is the extensive property: density, volume, boiling point, freezing point, temperature

electron

of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the: neutron, proton, electron, nucleus, alpha particle

heterogeneous mixture

often easily separated into its components by simple techniques such as filtering or decanting

upper right corner

on the periodic table, where are the elements that normally exist as diatomic molecules?

liquid

physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume

boiling point

property of water that would be most useful and accurate in identifying it in the laboratory: odor, taste, color, boiling point, mass

evaporating off the water

salt can be separated from a solution of salt and water by: evaporating off the water, filtering out the sand, distilling out the salt, decanting off the water, chromatography

Sn 4+

stannic

Sn 2+

stannous

electron and proton

subatomic particles that have equal but opposite charges

lower

the average kinetic energy of the molecules in ice compared to those of water vapor is...

hydrogen ions

the characteristic ions present in water solutions of all acids

hydroxide ions

the characteristic ions present in water solutions of all bases

noble (inert gases)

the elements on the periodic table will chemilically react to gain, lose, or share electrons to get thhe same number of electrons as....

compounds

the law of definite or constant composition applies to...

8

the number of neutrons in one atom of carbon-14

atomic number

the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom

does not form chemical compounds

the oxidation number (state) of a noble gas (Group VIII) element is zero because it: is weightless, is very active, does not form chemical compounds, has not yet been determined

atom

the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element

HOFBrINCl

what elements occur as diatomic molecules in elemental form?

metal; nonmetal

when a metal and a nonmetal react, the _________ tends to lose electrons and the _________ tends to gain electrons

produce colors of light

when electrons in atoms fall from higher energy levels to lower energy levels, they...

density

which of the following is not an intensive property: density, temperature, melting point, mass, boiling point

gases only

which states of matter are significantly compressible?