Chemistry PLP Unit 2
The interaction of a liquid in contact with a solid that results in the distortion, elevation, or depression of the surface of the liquid is called _________.
capillarity
Relative atomic mass of an atom is the mass of a single isotope of an element compared to the mass of a single atom of ___.
carbon-12
Select the ways that an isotope of carbon atom with a mass of 14 can be notated.
carbon-14 C-14 14/6 C
The _______ is the electrode where electrons are emitted in an electron tube.
cathode
Cs is a radioactive isotope a.What is the name of the element? b. What is the atomic number? c. How many protons does this isotope have? d. What is the atomic mass? e. How many neutrons are there?
cesium 55 55 137 82
A characteristic of a substance that can only be observed during a chemical reaction in which a substance either combines chemically with another substance or the substance breaks down chemically into simpler substances is called a(n) ___ property.
chemical
A chemical change in which one or more substances change into new substances with different properties is called a ___ reaction.
chemical
A method of separating a mixture into its components based on the adhesion rates of the individual components to a stationary phase is called _________.
chromatography
A device used to focus nuclear radiation into parallel beams is a(n) __________.
collimator
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture with two organic solids with different solubilities.
fractional crystallization
The separation of a mixture of liquids in which the components, called fractions, each have a different boiling point is called _________.
fractional distillation
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of several liquids with boiling points that are different but close together.
fractional distillation
Identify the following alchemy symbol: o
gold
Any compound except for a carbon oxide, a carbide, or a carbonate that contains the element carbon is a(n) _________ compound.
organic
The two categories of compounds are ___ compounds, which are compounds that contain carbon, and ___ compounds, which are compounds that do not contain carbon.
organic inorganic
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of dyes with different adhesion rates to paper.
paper chromatography
In a mixture that contains a colloid, what could you do to determine which one is the colloid?
pass a light through it to check for Tyndall effect
A homogeneous region within a heterogeneous system is called a _________.
phase
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in its composition is a(n) ___ change.
physical
A characteristic of a substance that may be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance is a(n) ___ property.
physical
Compounds cannot be separated into component elements by ___ means, but they can be caused to decompose ___
physical chemically
If you become an astronomer, you may study the fourth state of matter called:
plasma
A molecule with a slightly positive charge on one side and a slightly negative charge on the other side is a(n) ___ molecule.
polar
Complete the chart with the corresponding names: K Na O P Pb Si Sn W Zn
potassium sodium oxygen phosphorus lead silicon tin tungsten zinc
The Law of __________ proportions states that when more than one compound is formed by different combinations of the same elements, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of a second element will form ratios of small whole numbers.
multiple
Elements that can be in the crust or atmosphere of the Earth are called:
naturally occurring elements
Neutrally charged particles that exist in the nucleus of most atoms are _________.
neutrons
The name for a substance obtained from other substances in a chemical reaction is ___.
product
Positively charged particles that exist in the nucleus of each atom are _________.
protons
A compound is a(n) ___ substance made up of two or more elements, chemically combined in ___ proportions.
pure definite
The name for a substance that undergoes a chemical change in a chemical reaction is ___.
reactant
Which of these changes are Chemical changes?
using electrolysis to break the substance down into simpler substances burning a substance in oxygen
A pure substance is one that has a ___ composition and properties throughout.
uniform
What would be the correct name for element 119? Use IUPAC rules.
ununennium
Complete the chart for physical properties of water: clear, colorless liquid at ___C at 0C it ___ it ___ at 100C poor heat and electricity ___
25 freezes boils conductor
Complete the chart for chemical properties of water: How many atoms of oxygen does it have in its chemical composition? This describes the molecules as they have a slightly positive charge on one side and a slightly negative charge on the other. This property describes water since it dissolves other substances to form solutions. Method by which molecules can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
1 polar solvent electrolysis
At the time of writing, how many elements have been discovered?
117
In the 1770s, two French scientists, __________ and Joseph Louis Proust, performed careful experiments with matter and began to question conventional thinking about the atom.
Antoine Lavoisier
Which of the following was NOT a part of the atomic theory of Dalton?
Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons orbiting a nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons.
Which of these changes are Physical changes?
boiling a substance increasing the mass of a substance cutting a substance into smaller pieces
The solution composed of the components of a mixture dissolved in a solvent to be separated by chromatography is called ________.
mobile phase
A Greek philosopher named _________ reasoned that all matter must be made up of tiny, indivisible, indestructible particles that he called atomos.
Democritus
Which of the following was NOT a tenet of the atomic theory of Democritus?
Each atom is composed of negatively charged particles called corpuscles embedded in a positively charged material.
A New Zealand-born physicist named ____________ devised a new model of the atom consisting of a dense, positively charged core that he called a nucleus surrounded by empty space in which negatively charged electrons orbited around the nucleus like the planets in the Solar System orbit around the Sun.
Ernest Rutherford
Identify the product(s) in the following reaction: Zn+2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
H2 ZnCl2
An English physicist named __________ discovered neutrons and concluded that they must be contained in the nuclei of most atoms.
James Chadwick
An English physicist named ___________ devised a new model of an atom in which the atom consisted of a cloud of positively charged material in which negatively charged particles corpuscles were embedded.
Joseph John Thomson
Which law does the equation below represent? Mass reactants = Mass products
Law of conservation of mass
Complete the chart with the correct symbol: lithium magnesium manganese neon nitrogen sulfur
Li Mg Mn Ne N S
An American physicist named __________ proved the existence of electrons with an experiment using tiny oil droplets and X-rays.
Robert Millikan
Complete the chart with the correct symbol: antimony beryllium bromine calcium chlorine fluorine helium hydrogen iodine
Sb Be Br Ca Cl F He H I
Identify the reactant(s) in the following reaction: Zn+2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Zn HCl
Which of these are intensive properties?
a substance has a density of 4.13 g/cm3 a substance is very malleable (it can be hammered into a shape) a substance has a melting point of 40°C
Which of these are extensive properties?
a substance has a mass of 1.25 g a substance has a volume of 5.4 mL
What would be the correct name for element 209? Use IUPAC rules.
binilennium
The attraction of particles of one substance for the molecules of another substance at the point of contact is called _________.
adhesion
Identify the following alchemy symbol: 🜁
air
A solution formed by dissolving a metal in a metal or a non-metal in a metal while the components are molten (melted) is called a(n) ____.
alloy
Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden attempted to "map" the interior of gold atoms using _________ radiation.
alpha
Complete the chart with the corresponding names: Al Ag Au B Ba C Cu Fe Hg
aluminum silver gold boron barium carbon copper iron mercury
The _______ is the electrode where electrons are received in an electron tube.
anode
A(n) _________ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains all the chemical properties of that element.
atom
The ___ is a weighted average of the relative atomic masses of all the isotopes of an element.
atomic mass
An identifying number for each element based on the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element is called:
atomic number
___ a mixture consisting of particles larger than 1 nm but smaller than 1000 nm suspended in a dispersal medium ___ a device that rotates a sample at high speeds causing the components of a mixture to separate ___ method of separating a mixture of two solids that are both soluble in the same solvent but have different rates of solubility
colloid centrifuge fractional crystallization
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of three liquids with different adhesion rates to a stationary phase.
column chromatography
The law of ___ is a scientific law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
conservation of mass
The Law of __________ proportions states that a chemical compound will always contain the same elements in the same definite proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample.
definite
A chemical reaction in which hydrogen and oxygen molecules are removed from the reactants to produce water is a(n) ________ reaction.
dehydration
Sucrose can decompose into carbon and water in a(n) _________ reaction, in which hydrogen and oxygen molecules are removed from the reactants to produce water.
dehydration
The process of physically separating a single-phase mixture into components if the components have different boiling points is called simple _________.
distillation
A conductor through which electrons enter or leave a substance is a(n) _________.
electrode
A chemical reaction that occurs when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte to bring about a decomposition reaction is called _________.
electrolysis
Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of each atom are _________.
electrons
A(n) ___ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances (without losing its identity) by chemical or physical means.
element
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means are:
elements
Which of the following are pure substances?
elements compounds
A physical property of matter that depends on the amount of matter present is called a(n) ___ property.
extensive
The process of separating a solid from a fluid phase in a mixture by passing the mixture through a porous barrier that traps the solid is called _________.
filtration
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of solid particles with diameters greater than 1000 nm suspended in water.
filtration
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of water-soluble solid with a solid that is not water-soluble having particles with a diameter greater than 1000 nm.
filtration simple distillation
Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct ___.
heat
___ This mixture is one in which the components form a single phase with uniform consistency. ___ This mixture is one in which the individual components remain distinct in separate phases without uniform consistency. ___ A homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent creating particles that are less than 1 nanometer in diameter. ___ A heterogeneous mixture in which particles are not uniformly distributed throughout the mixture and will settle out unless it is agitated and whose particles are larger than 1000 nanometers in diameter.
homogeneous heterogeneous solution suspension
Any compound that does not contain the element carbon is a(n) _________ compound.
inorganic
A physical property of matter that does not depend on the amount of matter present is called a(n) ___ property.
intensive
Identify the following alchemy symbol: ♂
iron
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) ___.
isotope
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its ___.
mass number
What would be the correct name for element 161? Use IUPAC rules.
unhexunium
Answer the following questions using the graphic: a-> 32 / b-> 14 Si Line A points to the: Line B points to the: The number of protons in a nucleus of an atom of this element is: The number of neutrons in a nucleus of an atom of this element is:
silicon mass number atomic number 14 18
What method should you use to separate this sample of a mixture? A mixture of two components with very different boiling points.
simple distillation
The amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure is the solute's _________.
solubility
The _________ is the substance being dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
solute
A(n) ___ is a substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution.
solvent
The _________ is the substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
solvent
The substance used to separate components in chromatography is called _________.
stationary phase
Alchemists attempted to produce the philosopher's ___, which was supposed to give long life and health when mixed with water and consumed.
stone
Identify the following alchemy symbol: 🜏
sulfur
One of the goals of alchemists was the ___ of common elements, such as iron, lead, or sulfur, into expensive metals, such as silver and gold.
transmutation
What would be the correct name for element 121? Use IUPAC rules.
unbiunium
