Chemistry - Precision and Design - Section Review 1.3

What is plasma?

A superheated gas

State from memory four of Dalton's atomic theory postulates

A. Every element consists of tiny, indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms B. All of the atoms of a particular element have the same size, mass, and chemical behavior. C. Differences in properties of elements result from differences in atoms of the elements. D. The atoms of the elements combined in a compound are combined in a definite ratio. E. A Chemical reaction is the result of rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms.

Differentiate between substance, element, and mixture by defining them.

1. Element-a substance composed of one and only one type of atom and wish cannot be broken down any further. 2. Substance-a form of matter that has its own unique properties which make it different every other substance. 3. Mixture-a substance consisting of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically bound.

Differentiate between the three familiar states of matter in terms of shape, volume, and compressibility.

1. Solids-have a definite shape and volume, they are hard to compress because the molecules are so densely packed. 2. Liquids-have no definite shape but will take the shape of whatever container they are poured into. Liquids are very hard to compress because their molecules are also densely packed. 3. Gases-have no definite shape or volume and are easily compressed.

Name the two laws which were derived from Dalton's atomic theory.

a. The law of definite composition b. The law of multiple proportions