Chemistry - States and Changes of Matter

Which statement best describes the compressibility of a gas? A)Increasing the temperature of a gas decreases the pressure. B)Increasing the temperature of a gas increases the pressure. C)Increasing the pressure on a gas decreases the volume. D)Increasing the pressure on a gas increases the volume.

C)Increasing the pressure on a gas decreases the volume.

Which is an example of plasmas in nature? A)solar cells B)plasma balls C)auroras D)clouds

C)auroras

A student performs the following experiment. Step 1: She pours a colorless solution into a beaker that contains another colorless liquid. Yellow particles appear in the liquid. Step 2: She lets the yellow particles settle in the beaker and then separates the colorless liquid by decantation. What has most likely occurred in the beaker? A)a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2 B)a physical change in step 1 and a chemical change in step 2 C)chemical changes in both step 1 and step 2 D)physical changes in both step 1 and step 2

A)a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2

Which best explains why a crystal is incompressible? A)Its molecules remain in position without vibrating. B)The molecules of a crystal behave like those of a gas. C)There is little, if any, space left between its adjacent molecules. D)Its molecules switch positions when they are compressed.

C)There is little, if any, space left between its adjacent molecules.

Consider the temperature versus time graph below. At what temperature is the boiling point of this substance? A)at 0°C B)between 0°C and 100°C C)at 120°C D)above 120°C

C)at 120°C

Which low-energy state of condensed matter is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume? A)gas B)liquid C)plasma D)solid

D)solid

Consider the heating curve for water. At what temperature does the solid start melting? A)-20°C B)0°C C)20°C D)80°C

B)0°C

Which of these is an example of investigating an intensive property? A)weighing sand in a bag B)measuring the length of wire C)determining if a rock is magnetic D)recording the volume of water in a cylinder

C)determining if a rock is magnetic

Which energy change occurs during boiling? A)Some heat energy of the substance is lost. B)Heat energy of the substance remains the same. C)Most heat energy of the substance is lost. D)Heat energy is absorbed by the substance.

D)Heat energy is absorbed by the substance.

Keisha makes a table to compare plasmas and solids. Plasmas kinetic energy - X Solid Density - Y Which labels belong in the cells marked X and Y? A) X-High Y-High B) X-High Y-Low C) X-Low Y-High D) X-Low Y-Low

A) X-High Y-High

Which reason best explains why plasmas are good conductors of electricity? A)They have mobile charged particles. B)They are at extremely high temperatures. C)They are made up of particles in fixed positions. D)They have slow-moving nuclei that carry electricity.

A)They have mobile charged particles.

When does carbon dioxide absorb the most heat energy? A)during freezing B)during deposition C)during sublimation D)during condensation

C)during sublimation

Which is an intensive property of a substance? A)density B)volume C)length D)mass

A)density

Which term best describes liquid behavior under pressure? A)incompressible B)compressed C)immiscible D)surfactant

A)incompressible

Which term best describes the substances that cause oil and water molecules in salad dressing to interact and mix? A)surfactants B)miscible liquids C)immiscible liquids D)compressed molecules

A)surfactants

The repeating subunits that are responsible for the shape of a crystal are known as A)unit cells. B)heavy nuclei. C)light electrons. D)amorphous cells.

A)unit cells.

Consider the temperature versus time graph below. In which region is the substance in both the solid phase and the liquid phase? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

B)2

Which type of substance is water able to dissolve? A)nonpolar B)ionic C)polar D)ionic and polar

D)ionic and polar

Which procedure could a student use to examine an intensive property of a rectangular block of wood? A)Find the mass. B)Record the length. C)Measure the volume. D)Determine the density.

D)Determine the density.

Which state of matter is characterized by ionized particles, no definite shape or volume, and good electrical conductivity? A)gas B)liquid C)plasma D)solid

C)plasma

Which is an example of a chemical change? A)water evaporating from a puddle B)cloth tearing when pulled C)wood forming sawdust when cut D)bread baking in an oven

D)bread baking in an oven

Which process most likely takes place when the kinetic energy of molecules overcomes the intermolecular forces? A)boiling B)condensation C)freezing D)solidification

A)boiling

Which statement describes a physical property of copper? A)It reacts with strong acids. B)It can be reshaped by a force. C)It ignites at high temperatures. D)It can combine with oxygen.

B)It can be reshaped by a force.

A solid substance turns directly into a gas. Which term describes this change? A)deposition B)evaporation C)melting D)sublimation

D)sublimation

H2O is initially present in a state where its molecules are far apart. During a change of state, its molecules slow down. Which change of state has most likely taken place? A)from a gas to a liquid B)from a liquid to a gas C)from a solid to a liquid D)from a gas to a plasma

A)from a gas to a liquid

What happens when a solid is dissolved into a liquid? A)Solid particles float toward the surface layer of liquid particles. B)Solid particles sink down toward the bottom layer of liquid particles. C)Solid particles become evenly dispersed among liquid particles. D)Solid particles become suspended in the middle of liquid particles.

C)Solid particles become evenly dispersed among liquid particles.

Which of these is a chemical property of a substance? A)texture B)ductility C)reactivity D)conductivity

C)reactivity

A geochemist examines a piece of metal that he found in the soil. He performs tests to identify the metal from its density, electrical conductivity, and melting point. Which statement best describes his investigation? A)He is determining physical properties that are sufficient to identify the metal. B)He is determining chemical properties that are sufficient to identify the metal. C)He is determining physical properties that are insufficient to identify the metal. D)He is determining chemical properties that are insufficient to identify the metal.

A)He is determining physical properties that are sufficient to identify the metal.

A group of students are wandering around a room. When their teacher claps, the students sit down wherever they are. This situation best models the formation of which type of solid? A)an amorphous solid because the particles do not have a regular structure B)an amorphous solid because the motion of the particles stopped C)a crystalline solid because the moving particles lock into fixed positions D)a crystalline solid because the particles have a long-range order

A)an amorphous solid because the particles do not have a regular structure

Which two conditions can limit the usefulness of the kinetic-molecular theory in describing gas behavior? A)high pressure and low temperatures B)high pressure and medium temperatures C)low pressure and low temperatures D)low pressure and medium temperatures

A)high pressure and low temperatures

Which sequence represents the relationship between temperature and volume as explained by the kinetic-molecular theory? A)higher temperature -> more kinetic energy -> more space between particles -> higher volume B)higher temperature -> less kinetic energy -> less space between particles -> higher volume C)higher temperature -> more kinetic energy -> less space between particles -> lower volume D)higher temperature -> less kinetic energy -> more space between particles -> lower volume

A)higher temperature -> more kinetic energy -> more space between particles -> higher volume

According to the kinetic-molecular theory, the collision between two ideal gas particles is a result of A)neither attraction nor repulsion. B)repulsion from the wall of the container. C)repulsion from other gas particles. D)attraction between the two particles.

A)neither attraction nor repulsion.

The diagram below shows the different phase transitions that occur in matter. Which arrow would most likely represent the phase change that involves the same amount of energy as arrow 1? A)2 B)3 C)4 D)5

B)3

Why are liquids well suited for hydraulics? A)Liquids have low densities. B)Liquids are incompressible. C)Liquids change volume easily. D)Liquids have few molecules.

B)Liquids are incompressible.

Carla makes a small cardboard boat and floats it in a tub of water. When she adds a drop of dish soap behind the boat, the boat moves forward. Which statement best explains what happened? A)The soap increased the viscosity of the water behind the boat, allowing the water in front of the boat to flow more easily. B)The soap reduced the surface tension behind the boat, causing both water molecules and the boat to be pulled forward. C)The soap increased the kinetic energy of the water molecules behind the boat, causing both the molecules and the boat to move forward. D)The soap formed an immiscible layer on the water, causing the soap to spread out and push the boat forward.

B)The soap reduced the surface tension behind the boat, causing both water molecules and the boat to be pulled forward.

Valerie wants to examine the properties of a thick liquid but is finding it difficult to pour the liquid into a beaker. She needs to finish her investigation before the end of class. Which method will allow her to pour the liquid easily? A)boiling the liquid vigorously B)applying heat to the liquid C)placing the liquid in the refrigerator D)mixing the liquid with another solution

B)applying heat to the liquid

A graph of gas pressure versus the number of particles in a container is a straight line. Which other relationship will have a similar graph? A)volume versus pressure, because they are also directly proportional B)volume versus temperature, because they are also directly proportional C)volume versus pressure, because they are also inversely proportional D)volume versus temperature, because they are also inversely proportional

B)volume versus temperature, because they are also directly proportional

The table describes a gas stored in four different containers. -1 · Low number of collisions with container walls · Medium average kinetic energy · Large number of particles -2 · Large number of collisions with container walls · Medium average kinetic energy · Small number of particles with little spaces between them -3 · Large number of collisions with container walls · High average kinetic energy · Large number of particles with large spaces between them -4 · Few collisions with container walls · Low average kinetic energy · Small number of particles Which container has gas stored at the highest temperature? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

C)3

A substance is made up of slow-moving particles that have very little space between them. Based on this information, what can most likely be concluded about this substance? A)It is not a gas because its particles do not move continuously. B)It is a gas because its particles move continuously in a straight line. C)It is not a gas because its particles do not have large spaces between them. D)It is a gas because its particles move in many different directions.

C)It is not a gas because its particles do not have large spaces between them.

Consider the statement below. "When nitrogen is liquefied, heat is released." Is this statement true or false? A)It is false because nitrogen absorbs heat when it is liquefied. B)It is false because nitrogen cannot absorb enough heat to liquefy. C)It is true because heat is released when a gas changes to a liquid. D)It is true because heat is released when a liquid changes to a gas.

C)It is true because heat is released when a gas changes to a liquid.

What happens when the kinetic energy of molecules increases so much that electrons are released by the atoms, creating a swirling gas of positive ions and negative electrons? A)Matter changes to a solid state. B)Matter changes to a liquid state. C)Matter changes to a plasma state. D)Matter changes to a gaseous state.

C)Matter changes to a plasma state.

A student investigated some properties of lead and recorded the findings in the table below. -Color -Density -Volume of sample -Melting point -Reaction with air -Electrical conductivity Which statement is true with respect to the investigation? A)The student investigated only the physical properties of lead. B)The student investigated only the chemical properties of lead. C)The student investigated more physical properties than chemical properties of lead. D)The student investigated more chemical properties than physical properties of lead.

C)The student investigated more physical properties than chemical properties of lead.

The diagram shows the movement of particles from one end of the container to the opposite end of the container. Which event is most likely occurring? A)diffusion because particles move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration B)diffusion because particles move from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration C)effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a small opening into a larger volume D)effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a large opening into a smaller volume

C)effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a small opening into a larger volume

Which best explains the relationship between evaporation and temperature? A)A liquid evaporates slower at lower temperatures because the molecules are more spread apart and are not pushed as easily from the liquid's surface. B)A liquid evaporates faster at lower temperatures because the attractions are decreased and more particles can escape the surface of the liquid. C)A liquid evaporates slower at higher temperatures because the vapor pressure of the liquid is higher, so fewer molecules can escape the surface. D)A liquid evaporates faster at higher temperatures because more particles have a higher speed and can overcome attractions in the liquid.

D)A liquid evaporates faster at higher temperatures because more particles have a higher speed and can overcome attractions in the liquid.

Which observation indicates that the kinetic-molecular theory has limited use for describing a certain gas? A)Gas particles are acting like tiny, solid spheres. B)Gas particles are obeying Newton's laws of motion. C)Increasing pressure is reducing the volume of the gas. D)Increasing collisions of gas molecules will increase energy between them.

D)Increasing collisions of gas molecules will increase energy between them.

Which statement about gases is true? A)They are made up of particles that always move very slowly. B)They are made up of particles that travel in a curved path when in motion. C)They are made up of hard spheres that vibrate quickly in stationary positions. D)They are made up of hard spheres that are in random motion.

D)They are made up of hard spheres that are in random motion.

The particles in water have less mobility than the particles in oxygen. Which statement best explains this observation? A)Water is always colder than oxygen. B)Water has a lower density than oxygen. C)Water particles have a greater kinetic energy. D)Water particles have strong intermolecular forces.

D)Water particles have strong intermolecular forces.

Melting can be best described as a process in which molecules A)lose kinetic energy and move slowly. B)lose kinetic energy and remain stationary. C)gain kinetic energy and escape into the atmosphere. D)gain enough kinetic energy to get past each other.

D)gain enough kinetic energy to get past each other.

Which of these is an example of a physical change? A)a banana ripening in the air B)hydrogen burning in the air C)zinc reacting with an acid D)liquid water turning into vapor

D)liquid water turning into vapor

A plasma that has particles that never collide frequently enough to exchange kinetic energy and never reach a temperature equal to the surroundings is categorized as a A)thermal plasma. B)ionized plasma. C)low density plasma. D)nonthermal plasma.

D)nonthermal plasma.