CHEMISTRY
Which statement describes the stability of the nuclei of potassium atoms?
Some potassium atoms have unstable nuclei that spontaneously decay.
What evidence indicates that the nuclei of strontium-90 atoms are unstable?
Strontium-90 atoms spontaneously emit beta particles.
HALF LIFE CHART
TIME: half life x number of half life HALF LIFE: time / number of half life fraction: 1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 percent: 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12
Which isotope is radioactive?
Tc-99
Which nuclear emission has the greatest mass?
a (alpha)
Which of these particles has the greatest mass
alpha
Which of these particles has the greatest mass?
alpha
Which type of emission has the highest penetrating power?
alpha
Which type of radioactive emission has a positive charge and weak penetrating power?
alpha particle
Which particle has the greatest mass?
an alpha particle
The change that is undergone by an atom of an element made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy proton is called
artificial transmutation
The change that is undergone by an atom of an element made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy protons is called
artificial transmutation
Alpha particles and beta particles differ in
both mass and charge
As a radioactive element emits a positron, the atomic number of the element
decreases
As a radioactive element emits an alpha particle, the atomic number of the element
decreases
As an atom of a radioactive isotope emits an alpha particle, the mass number of the atom
decreases
In which process does a heavy nucleus split into two lighter nuclei?
fission
Nuclear fusion differs from nuclear fission because nuclear fusion reactions
form heavier isotopes from lighter isotopes
A nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei combine to form a massive nucleus is
fusion
A nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei combine to form a more massive nucleus is called
fusion
Which nuclear emission has no charge and no mass?
gamma
Which of these types of nuclear radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
gamma
Which of these types of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
gamma
Which nuclear emission has the greatest penetrating power?
gamma radiation
Which nuclear decay emission consists of energy, only?
gamma raditation
Which nuclear emission has no charge and no mass?
gamma ray
Which list of nuclear emissions is arranged in order from the greatest penetrating power to the least penetrating power?
gamma ray, beta particle, alpha particle
As a radioactive element emits a beta particle, the atomic number of the element
increases
When a cobalt-59 atom is bombarded by a subatomic particle, a radioactive cobalt-60 atom is produced. After 21.084 years, 1.20 grams of an original sample of cobalt-60 produced remains unchanged. Based on Table N, identify the decay mode of cobalt-60.
it's a beta decay
Compared to the mass and the penetrating power of an alpha particle, a beta particle has
less mass and greater penetrating power
In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the products is
less than the mass of the reactants because some of the mass has been converted to energy
Radioactive cobalt-60 is used in radiation therapy treatment. Cobalt-60 undergoes beta decay. This type of nuclear reaction is called
natural transmutation
The stability of an isotope is related to its ratio of
neutrons to protons
Which phrase best describes this type of reaction and the overall energy change that occurs
nuclear, and energy is released
Radiation is spontaneously emitted from hydrogen-3 nuclei, but radiation is not spontaneously emitted from hydrogen-1 nuclei or hydrogen-2 nuclei. Which hydrogen nuclei are stable?
nuclei of H-1 and H-2, only
Dating once-living organisms is an example of a beneficial use of
radioactive isotopes
The use of uranium-238 to determine the age of a geological formation is a beneficial use of
radioactive isotopes
Atoms containing radioactive nuclei are called
radioisotopes
A serious risk factor associated with the operation of a nuclear power plant is the production of
radioisotopes with long half-lives
Alpha particles are emitted during the radioactive decay of
radon-222
A nuclear fission reaction and a nuclear fusion reaction are similar because both reactants
release a large amount of energy
As a radioactive element emits a positron, the mass number of the element
remains the same
As a radioactive element emits gamma radiation only, the atomic number of the element
remains the same
As a radioactive element emits gamma radiation only, the mass number of the element
remains the same
As a sample of the radioactive isotope I-131 decays, its half-life
remains the same
As a radioactive element emits a beta particle, the mass number of the element
remains the same.
Which two characteristics do radioisotopes have that are useful in medical diagnosis
short half-lives and quick elimination from the body
A fission reaction is similar to a fusion reaction in that both reactions involve
the conversion of mass to energy
The spontaneous decay of an atom is called
transmutation
Types of nuclear reactions include fission, fusion, and
transmutation
What is the name of the process in which the nucleus of an atom of one element is changed into the nucleus of an atom of a different element?
transmutation
Which type of reaction converts one element to another element
transmutation
Which type of reaction converts one element to another element?
transmutation
Which type of reaction occurs when a high-energy particle collides with the nucleus of an atom, converting that atom to an atom of a different element?
transmutation
What is the mass of an original 5.60-gram sample of iron-53 that remains unchanged after 25.53 minutes?
0.70g
The half-life of a radioactive substance is 2.5 minutes. What fraction of the original radioactive substance remains after 10 minutes?
1/16
What is the half-life and decay mode of Rn-222?
3.82 days and alpha decay
What is the mass number of an alpha particle?
4
How many days are required for 200. grams of radon-222 to decay to 50.0 grams?
7.64 days
A beta particle may be spontaneously emitted from
An unstable nucleus
What is the decay mode of K-37
B+
Which list of radioisotopes contains an alpha emitter, a beta emitter, and a positron emitter?
Kr-85, Ne-19, Rn-222
Which change take place in a nuclear fission reaction
Matter is converted to energy