CHES Questions

1. Which of the following is not a true statement about the use of focus groups in the development of a needs assessment survey? a. A focus group is a good way to obtain information and identify issues, concerns, or strengths by posing specific questions to be discussed using a small group of people b. A focus group should consist of a mixed group of people in order to get a variety of opinions concerning specific questions to be discussed c. The facilitator of the focus group should try to keep the conversation on topic by gently veering back to the question at hand but should try to let the participants speak freely d. After the focus group is finished, the information should be compiled based on the answers to the questions and categorized within each question

1. B: A focus group is a small group of individuals who are selected based on certain similarities such as age, stage in life, or place of residence. Trying to set up a focus group with certain similarities helps to keep individuals from feeling intimidated by others' opinions. Multiple focus groups can be set up using different types. The focus group is led by a moderator or facilitator who poses certain questions to the group involving strengths, issues, concerns, or other topics to be discussed. The facilitator should lead the discussion and try to help the group stay on topic but try to remain in the background so people can talk freely. Opinions are collected, and the information that is obtained is subjective and not statistically valid. Once the focus group is finished, the information can be compiled based on the questions that were discussed then categorized within each question. The information that is obtained can be the start of the needs assessment.

2. When collecting health-related data, sources of secondary data include all of the following except: a. Observation b. Vital records c. Peer-reviewed journals d. United States Census Bureau

2. A: When conducting a needs assessment, sources of health-related data can be obtained from two areas. Primary data are collected using techniques such as interview, observation of the population being studied, community forums, questionnaires, or a self-assessment tool. Secondary data sources include obtaining data from government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Census Bureau, or the Department of Health and Human Services. Secondary data can also be obtained from state or local agencies that keep various types of vital records or statistics such as morbidity or mortality records, disease registries, or police records. Nongovernment agencies such as hospitals can provide various types of secondary data such as information on discharges. Peer-reviewed journals or scientific studies are also sources of secondary data.

3. When identifying factors that influence health, addressing which of the following factors would be least likely to make a large impact on the overall health of a community? a. Lifestyle factors such as smoking b. Environmental factors such as access to affordable food c. Psychosocial factors such as social supports d. Biological factors such as genetics

3. D: There are many factors that may help to improve or hinder the health of a community. Biological factors such as genetics are important to address but may be less effective as part of a large group. Lifestyle factors such as increased rates of smoking, poor diet, or alcohol use have a direct impact on the health of a community. Environmental factors can include issues such as access to affordable food or health care, air quality, or water quality. Psychosocial factors may include availability of social supports, employment, income level, education level, or overall safety of the community. Other types of individual factors may include religious or cultural beliefs.

4. What is the final step in the needs assessment process? a. Validating the needs that have been identified b. Identifying gaps in healthcare services c. Data analysis d. Conduct a resource inventory

4. A: There are typically six steps in the needs assessment process. The first step is to determine why the needs assessment is being done and the scope of the project. The second step is gathering the data, followed by data analysis. The fourth step is to look at any factors that have been identified as having an impact on the health issue. The fifth step is to determine what the actual focus should be for addressing the health problem. The last step is to validate the needs that have been identified. This makes sure that the identified issue is a true need.

5. Which of the following would be the most expensive survey method to use for data collection? a. Telephone b. Mail c. Face-to-face d. Internet

5. C: A face-to-face survey would be the most expensive type of survey to use because it is time consuming. Less expensive options include mail, telephone, or Internet surveys. Face-to-face surveys have a higher response rate than other types of surveys, but they increase interviewer bias and take away the option of a participant to remain anonymous. With a face-to-face interview, the surveyor is able to ask questions in the desired order, and it allows for additional questioning or asking for clarification if necessary. It is more difficult to summarize the data for face-to-face surveys.

In the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, what step should be taken in phase 5? Administrative and policy assessment Ecological assessment Epidemiological assessment Social assessment

Administrative and policy assessment

Once a specific population has been identified through the needs assessment for health education, what would be one of the next steps in the planning process? Begin to advertise the program to the specific population the program will be targeted toward Approach local leaders and community groups to obtain support for the project Develop learning objectives Identify educational strategies that will be used such as workshops or seminars

Approach local leaders and community groups to obtain support for the project

What is the name of the term that measures an outcome that is designed to identify the rate of occurrence of an issue? Resource inventory Clinical indicator Validation Pretest

Clinical indicator

Obesity has been identified during a needs assessment in a rural area where there is a high percentage of families that use food stamp benefits. Which of the following would not be the most effective component of the health education plan in terms of implementation? Work with the school to encourage a healthy exercise competition by rewarding the classroom with the most minutes of exercise in a given period with a special prize Provide free seminars in supermarkets to teach residents how to plan healthful meals on a budget Organize a community weight loss competition with monetary incentives, such as gift cards to local grocery stores Encourage residents to join the local health club

Encourage residents to join the local health club

The statement "The city will have a 10% reduction in the number of days with poor air quality" is an example of: Behavioral objective Ecological objective Environmental objective Administrative objective

Environmental objective

Which of the following would be the least effective goal of a program in an area where the rate of low-birth-weight infants is elevated? Reduce the rate of unplanned pregnancies among women who are eligible for Medicaid Increase access to family planning services to Caucasian women between the ages of 18 and 35 Reduce the number of births to teenage mothers Reduce the rate of smoking among pregnant women

Increase access to family planning services to Caucasian women between the ages of 18 and 35

What is the name of the planning model that utilizes five phases (goals selection, intervention planning, program development, implementation preparations, and evaluation)? PRECEDE-PROCEED Social marketing CDCynergy MATCH

MATCH

Which of the following would be an example of a learning objective? Within six months, 50% of participants will have lowered their total serum cholesterol by at least 30 points Participants will be able to reduce total fat intake by 25% by the end of the nutrition program The participant will be able to identify three sources of saturated fat in the diet Participants will reduce the risk factors for heart disease

The participant will be able to identify three sources of saturated fat in the diet

Developing a community garden in a local park would be most effective in what setting? University Town Health clinic Place of business

Town

When planning a health education program, it important to remember that not all participants will want to learn. What would be the most effective way to help maximize learning? Provide materials that the participant can read Use audiovisual aids such as PowerPoint during the presentation, and allow time for discussion Quickly move through the material, covering each topic one time Have the presenter stand in front of the group and lecture

Use audiovisual aids such as PowerPoint during the presentation, and allow time for discussion