chest mod 5

In which ribs are a neck or tubercular facets absent?

11th and 12th ribs

Which ribs are referred to as "floating ribs"?

11th and 12th ribs

Which is the narrowest rib or range of ribs?

12th rib

Where is the inferior costal margin located?

2th and 3rd vp

Which is the term used to indicate the oval articular facet located on each side of the jugular notch on the sternum?

Clavicular notch

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an anteroposterior (AP) projection of the chest, rather than a posteroanterior (PA)?

Heart magnification is increased when performing an AP.

Which body type has a broad and deep thorax?

Hypersthenic

Which best describes the appearance of a chest image for a pediatric patient with asthma?

Increased radiodensity of the lung fields

Why are the 8th to 12th ribs called false ribs?

They are not directly attached to the sternum

Why are the 8th to 12th ribs called false ribs?

They are not directly attached to the sternum.

Which structure may be visualized on the chest radiographs of children, but is generally not seen on adult chest radiographs?

Thymus gland

Why should the image receptor be placed crosswise for a posteroanterior (PA) chest x-ray on a hypersthenic patient?

To make sure the costophrenic angles are included

Why is the exposure made at the end of the second full inspiration when performing routine chest radiography?

To move the diaphragm down and prevent distortion

Why might upright posteroanterior (PA) and lateral projections of the chest be added to a rib series?

Trauma to the ribs may result in injury to the respiratory system.

If the 1st rib is fractured, what structures may be affected?

Underlying veins and arteries

In which positions are air-fluid levels demonstrated? Select all that apply.

Upright position Decubitus position Horizontal x-ray beam

What is the proper landmark for locating the lower border of the heart?

Xiphoid process

Which landmark is used to locate the upper portion of the liver and the lower border of the heart?

Xiphoid process

What kilovoltage (kV) range is recommended for a PA projection of the chest?

110-125

Which ribs are known as true ribs? Select all that apply

1 though 7 ribs

In reference to the patient, where should the top border of the image receptor (IR) be positioned for the lateral projection of the sternum?

1 ½ inches (3.8 cm) above the jugular notch

What is the approximate length of the body of the sternum?

4 inches

Where is the central ray located on a chest exam for a hypersthenic patient?

7 inches down from the vertebra prominens

What is the approximate length of the adult sternum?

7 ins

What is the recommended source image receptor distance (SID) for posterior anterior (PA) and lateral chest imaging?

72 ins

How many inches below the vertebra prominens should the central ray be located on an average male patient?

8ins

Which ribs are connected to the costocartilage and are not directly connected to the body of the sternum? Select all that apply.

8th , 9th , 10th

Between which ribs are the interchondral joints found? Select all that apply.

8th and 9th ribs 6th and 7th ribs 7th and 8th ribs

What is the proper procedure for performing a lateral projection of the sternum? Select all that apply.

Adjust the patient in a true lateral position Have the patient suspend deep respiration Rotate the shoulders back and have the patient lock hands behind back

What projection is used to visualize the apices of the lungs?

Anteroposterior (AP) axial chest

What is the proper placement of the arms for a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest?

Arms at sides, hands on lower hips, palms out, shoulders rotated forward

Which intervention should a radiologic technologist perform while obtaining an anteroposterior (AP) chest x-ray using mobile radiography?

Asking the patient to lift arms away from the chest

What body habitus has a narrow and shallow thorax?

Asthenic

What is the proper evaluation criterion pertaining to the anteroposterior (AP) oblique projection of the ribs?

Axillary portion of the ribs of interest should be free of superimposition.

Which are parts of a rib? Select all that apply.

Body Head Tubercle Neck

Which is the space along the inferior and internal margin of the ribs, containing the blood vessels and nerves?

Costal groove

Which articulation is between the anterior edges of the ribs and the costal cartilages?

Costochondral

What is the name of the inferior lateral corners of the lungs, visible on a posteroanterior (PA) chest image?

Costophrenic angles

Which part of the image indicates the xiphoid process?

D

What is the preferred body position when imaging the ribs above the diaphragm?

Erect

The given image shows a typical rib in its posterior view. Which part is indicated?

Facet

A patient arrives with a fracture of his or her adjacent ribs in two or more places. Which condition is most likely to be present?

Flail chest

Which statement is true regarding the right hemidiaphragm?

It surrounds the superior portion of the liver

Which are landmarks for accurate and consistent radiographic chest positioning? Select all that apply.

Jugular notch Vertebra prominens

What are the routine projections for the sternum?

Lateral and right anterior oblique (RAO)

A patient arrives with a depressed sternal fracture. Analyze the position in which the pathology can be best demonstrated.

Lateral position

For which projection of the chest should the sagittal plane be parallel with the image receptor (IR)?

Lateral projection

Why is a left lateral projection of the chest preferable over a right lateral?

Magnification of the heart is reduced with the left side nearer to the image receptor (IR).

What is chondrosarcoma?

Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

What other terms are used for the jugular notch? Select all that apply.

Manubrial Suprasternal

Which part of the sternum lies at the interspace between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae?

Manubrium

what part of the sternum is indicated in the image?

Manubrium

Which term is used to indicate a cancerous lesion transferred from one area to another?

Metastases

With reference to the image receptor (IR), how are the midsagittal plane and the midcoronal plane positioned for the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest?

Midsagittal: perpendicular; midcoronal: parallel

For a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest, where is the central ray directed?

Perpendicular to T7

Which condition is characterized by anterior protrusion of the lower sternum and the xiphoid process?

Pigeon chest

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary artery

What is the shape of the manubrium of the sternum?

Quadrilateral

Which structures form the thorax? Select all that apply

Ribs Sternum Thoracic vertebrae

Which body position is best to demonstrate small amounts of fluid in the right pleural space?

Right lateral recumbent

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest?

Scapulae should be projected outside the lung fields

Which are preparation criteria for the posteroanterior (PA) oblique projection of the sternum in the modified prone position, Moore method? Select all that apply.

Shield the gonads Direct the central ray to enter at the level of T7 Direct the central ray to the center of the image receptor.

Which are the freely movable joints of the bony thorax? Select all that apply.

Sternoclavicular Costotransverse

Which is the articulation of the sole bony connection between each shoulder girdle and the bony thorax?

Sternoclavicular joint

What is the other name for the breastbone?

Sternum

Which type of joint is a costovertebral joint?

Synovial gliding joint

What is true regarding the ribs? Select all that apply.

The 1st rib is the shortest The 1st rib is the broadest The 12th rib is the narrowest

Where should the image receptor (IR) be placed for the anteroposterior (AP) projection of the lower ribs?

The bottom of the IR should be at the level of the iliac crest.

What is the bifurcation of the trachea called?

carina