Chp 12: Motivating Employees: Achieving Superior Performance in the Workplace

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Job enlargement ~ Job enrichment

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Justice ~ Fairness

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Love ~ Safety ~ Physiological ~ Esteem

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?

~ Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory ~ McClelland's acquired needs theory ~ Herzberg's two-factor theory

Which statements about motivation are true?

~ Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. ~ Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Performance to outcomes ~ Effort to performance

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Psychological states ~ Work outcomes ~ Core job characteristics

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs ~ Raise employee productivity ~ Increase employee efficiency

What characteristics should your long-term goal have? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Results-oriented ~ Measurable ~ Attainable

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Specific ~ Challenging ~ Achievable

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?

~ They are agreed on by both employees and managers. ~ They link rewards to performance.

What are three types of learning opportunities?

~ Tuition reimbursement ~ Learning and development ~ Studying co-workers

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ content ~ process ~ job design ~ reinforcement

According to the 2019 Jobvite survey of 1,500 Americans, which is the most important motivating criteria to job seekers?

Career growth opportunities

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

Money is the best motivator.

False

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

Fitting jobs to people

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model?

It is an attitude.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Match the type of reinforcement with its description.

Positive reinforcement - Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior Negative reinforcement - Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative Extinction - Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced Punishment - Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

The fact that research shows that 25% of workers are burned out, and 44% more are burned out occasionally suggests that workers are neglecting what?

Recharging each day

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:

design.

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.

human capital

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.

measurable

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination

What are the three tips for recharging yourself as part of your self-motivation approach? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Accept kindness ~ Figure out how you can best recharge ~ Relax mentally and physically

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Be clear about what behavior is desired. ~ Give rewards as soon as possible.

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Employees are underutilized. ~ Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Establishing good work habits ~ Working consistently on personal development ~ Maintaining focus on organizational goals

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)

~ Expectancy theory ~ Equity theory ~ Goal-setting theory

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior?

~ Extinction ~ Punishment