Chp 4 Egypt - The Gift of the Nile
Scarab
A beetle; a symbol of this heavenly cycle & of the idea of rebirth for Egyptians; used jewelry.
Horus
A god of the sky. He is probably most well-known as the protector of the ruler of Egypt. Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris. After Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth, Horus fought with Seth for the throne of Egypt.
Rosetta Stone
A huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.
Delta
A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.
afterlife
A life believed to follow death.
Silt
A mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks found on river bottoms.
Sphinx
A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
Mummification
A process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Feluca
A traditional wooden sailing boat used in protected waters of the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean, in Egypt and Sudan, including Malta and Tunisia, and also in Iraq. Its rig consists of one or two lateen sails. They are usually able to board ten passengers and the crew consists of two or three people.
Hieroglyphics
An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.
Valley of the Kings
An area were many tombs where built after the great pyramids because it allowed for easier guarding and less grave robbery. Place in Egypt where, Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom were buried.
Egypt
Ancient _____________ was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the _______________ River in the place that is now the country _____________ Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric___________ and coalesced around 3100 BC.
Akhenaton
Early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC).
Horus
Egyptian falcon-headed solar god.
Osiris
Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead.
Ankh
Egyptian good luck symbol; symbol for eternal life. An ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol; to represent the word for "life."
Shadoof
Egyptian machine used to raise water. A bucket attached to a long pole used to transfer river water to storage basins.
Hapshepsut
First female leader, encouraged trade throughout the region, she was supposed to rule with her step son Thutmose, known for building temples and tombs for herself, step son takes control when he is older.
Anubis
God of embalming and the dead. Since jackals _____ watched over the dead it looked like a jackal. Osiris had been killed by Set, Osiris's organs were given to Anubis as a gift. Anubis was the god who helped to embalm Osiris after he was killed by Seth.
Set
God of the desert, storms, disorder, violence, and foreigners in ancient Egyptian religion. Brother of Osiris whom he murdered.
Caravans
Groups of traveling merchants often on a trade expedition.
God-king Menes
He was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt.
Aswan Dam
It was built in 1956 to control the flooding of the Nile River. The dam gives Egyptian farmers a more dependable source of water for their crops. It also gives Egypt electrical power.
Pyramids
Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.
Isis
Mother goddess - a goddess of fertility, the sister and wife of Osiris and mother of Horus Became identified as Hathor (i.e. Isis-Hathor), Isis became the mother of Horus, rather than his wife, and so, in his place, as Isis had become regarded as one of the Ennead, she was seen as the wife of Osiris
Cartouche
Oval shape with group of Egyptian hieroglyphs, typically representing name & title of monarch, pharaoh, etc.
Tutankhamen
Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC, youngest pharaoh (ten year old), restored old gods, died at an early age; ruled for nine years.
Cleopatra
Queen of Egypt and last pharaoh; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy
Nefertiti
Queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC).
Cataracts
Rapids along a river, such as those along the Nile in Egypt.
Thutmose
Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered a great pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt.
Sarcophagus
Stone coffin, adorned with a sculpture or inscription and Kings and Egyptians buried in them and often placed in tombs or pyramids.
Kemet
The Egyptians called their country Kemet, literally the "Black Land" (kem meant "black" in ancient Egyptian). The name derived from the colour of the rich and fertile black soil which was due to the annually occurring Nile inundation.
Sun God Ra
The ancient Egyptian deity of the sun.
Memphis (Cairo)
The ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome (territorial region) of Lower Egypt.
Canopic jars
The canopic jars which housed the organs of deceased Egyptians were named after the 4 Sons of Horus, Qebehsenuef (hawk head), Hapy (baboon head), Duamutef (jackal head) and Imsety (man-headed) who featured on __________ are depicted facing their father in the following picture. four in number; human organs: the stomach, intestines, lungs, and liver; for the afterlife.
River God Hapi
The god of the annual flooding of the Nile in ancient Egyptian religion.
Lake Nasser
The large reservoir or man-made lake which was formed when the Aswan High Dam was constructed.
Embalming (Egyptians)
The methods of embalming, or treating the dead body, that the ancient Egyptians used is called mummification. Using special processes, the Egyptians removed all moisture from the body, leaving only a dried form that would not easily decay. ... The earliest mummies from prehistoric times probably were accidental.
Lower Egypt
The northern part of ancient Egypt.
Nile River
The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around. The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river.
Theocracy (Egypt)
The rule based on religious authority, believed the afterlife was great. From the beginning of the Pharaonic period, Ancient Egypt was run as a theocracy. A theocracy is a form of government in which the government claims to rule on behalf of a god or deity.
Upper Egypt
The southern part of ancient Egypt.
Pharaohs
They were the rulers of Egypt, believed by their people to be descended of the sun god.
Deshret
This was the formal name for the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and for the desert Red Land on either side of Kemet (Black Land), the fertile Nile river basin. When combined with the Hedjet (White Crown) of Upper Egypt, it forms the Pschent (Double Crown), in Ancient Egyptian called the sekhemti.
Afterlife in Egypt
To the ancient Egyptians, the Land of Two Fields was a real place. It was a heavenly place. It was the place you went after you died. One of the reasons the god Osiris was so honored in ancient Egypt is because it was Osiris who opened the door to the afterlife for everyone.
Upper and Lower Egypt
______________ & _________________Egypt are the two regions of Egypt. There is a strange feature on the map that might confuse some people. Since the Nile flows north Lower Egypt is on the top and upper is on the bottom.
Papyrus
________________, from which we get the modern word paper, is a writing material made from the ____________ plant, a reed which grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river. ______________ was used as a writing material as early as 3,000 BC in ancient Egypt, and continued to be used to some extent until around 1100 AD.
Lotus
_______________is a plant. The flowers, seed, leaves, and parts of the underground stem (rhizome) are used to make medicine. Lotus flowers are used to stop bleeding. _________ seeds are used for disorders of the digestive tract, including diarrhea. It is regarded in many different cultures, especially in eastern religions, as a symbol of purity, enlightenment, self-regeneration and rebirth. Its characteristics are a perfect analogy for the human condition: even when its roots are in the dirtiest waters, the Lotus produces the most beautiful flower.
Ramses II
king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments.