Chp 5+6

a. true

Equity is achieved when an individual perceives that he or she is being treated fairly in relation to others. a. true b. false

a. true

For difficult goals to motivate behavior, they must be set at a reasonable level, so they are possible to attain. a. true b. false

a. difficulty

Goal __________ is defined as the extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort. a. difficulty b. commitment c. attachemnt d. acceptance e. specificity

b. false

Learning is a temporary change in behavior resulting from direct or indirect experience. a. true b. false

a. true

Organizations can usually benefit from conducting perforamnce appraisals on an annual basis. a. true b. false

c. symbolic

When a few employees are given a small reward to show that they are appreciated, the reward carries ____________ value. a. intangible b. tangible c. symbolic d. compensation e. surface

c. social learning

When people observe the behaviors of others, recognize the consequences and alter their own behaviors this is known as: _________? a. goal characteristics b. reinforcement c. social learning d. behavior modification e. job sharing

e. all of these are correct

Which of the following methods can be used to enhance individual performance at work? a. goal setting b. employee participation c. performance managment d. job design e. all of these are correct

c. it gives managers a much wider range of feedback than traditional performance appraisals do.

Which of the following reasons explains why 360-degree feedback is highly beneficial to managers? a. The feedback focuses on objective performance criteria. b. it helps managers to be more aware of their employees' day-to-day performance. c. it gives managers a much wider range of feedback than traditional performance appraisals do. d. This forms of feedback is the easiest to administer and is the most cost-efficient form of appraisal e. this type of feedback is performed more frequently than traditional methods of feedback

a. positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior? a. positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement and extinction c. negative reinforcement and punishemnt d. positive reinforcement and extinction e. extinction and punishment

c. gain sharing

_____________ grants additional earning to employees for cost-reduction ideas. a. merit pay b. employee stock options c. gain sharing d. profit sharing e. employee assistance programs

d. job design

_________________ is how organizations define and structure jobs and can help with employee performance a. job rotation b. motivation c. job specialization d. job design e. organizational fairness

e. none of these (telecommuting)

Allowing an employee to spend part of their time working off-site, usually at home is called a. job sharing b. flextime c. off-shoring d. compressed work week e. none of these

c. have a voice in decisions about their own work

Participation occurs when employees a. become fully vested in a benefits program. b. join a labor union or other employee c. have a voice in decisions about their own work d. work together in teams e. work closely with a mentor or supervisor

e. compensation

The choice of which behaviors to reward is a function of the ______________ system a. performance measurement b. performance management c. total quality managment d. managerial e. compensation

a. meaningful employee contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organization.

The human resource approach to motivation assumes that a. meaningful employee contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organization. b. employees are economically motivated. c. illusory employee contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organization d. employees will achieve their security needs e. none of these are correct.

a. true

The motivational process starts with a need. a. true b. false

a. true

To allow employees flexibility in their job, employers may offer alternative work schedules. a. true b. false

c. compressed workweek

When a construction worker decides to work additional hours on a typical workday so that he can have a three-day weekend, he is likely taking advantage of a ___________ program. a. job sharing b. shortened workweek c. compressed workweek d. telecommuting e. leave of absence

c. empowerment

Quality circles are an example of organizational attempts at a. applying reinforcement theory b. behavior modification c. empowerment d. motivational training e. OB modification