Chp. 6 Vocab

steps of bone fracture repair

a fracture hematoma forms, a fibrocartilaginous callus forms, then a bony callus forms, and lastly the bone is remodeled

growth along the periphery of cartilage is called

appositional growth

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called

articular cartilage

complete

bone is broken into two or more pieces

comminuted

bone is splintered into several small pieces between the main parts

compression

bone is squashed

avulsion

bone or bone fragments accompany soft tissue as it is pulled from its origin or insertion

what are examples of short bones?

bones of the wrist and some bones of the foot

the cells that produce the matrix of cartilage are called

chondoblasts

an osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of mature

compact bone

oblique

diagonal fracture at the angle between linear and transverse

the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

diaphysis

an incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called

endosteum

which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate?

epiphyseal line

the expanded end of a long bone is called the

epiphysis

which hormones promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure?

estrogen and testosterone

interstitial growth of cartilage

first the chondrocyte in lacuna undergoes mitosis, then two cells occupy one lacuna and lastly two cells in one lacuna begin to produce new matrix

transverse

fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone

a blood clot within a bone fracture is called a

fracture hematoma

linear

fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone

the process of blood cell production is called

hemopoiesis

the function of parathyroid hormone is to

increase blood calcium levels

based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as

irregular bones

which statements characterize the effect of vitamin D?

it aids in the calcification of bone, and it promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood

which statement characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

it contains parallel lamellae, it contains lacunae and canaliculi, and it contains no osteons

which statements characterize articular cartilage?

it coves an epiphysis, it is composed of hyaline cartilage, and it functions to reduce friction in joints

which statements characterize periosteum?

it helps to heal bone fractures, it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, it covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone, and it functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones

which statements are true regarding cartilage?

it is more flexible tan bone, it is found in the head, arms, legs and trunk of the body, and it contains cells and a matrix

the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called

medullary cavity

this region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the

metaphysis

which tissue types are found in bones?

nervous tissue, blood, and osseous connective tissue

mature bone cells are called

osteocytes

when osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, the become cells called...

osteocytes

the release if stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called

osteolysis

insufficient ossification is a condition known as

osteopenina

greenstick

partial fracture; convex side of the bone breaks - the other side is bent

a fracture at the distal end of the fibula and malleolus of the tibia is specifically called a

pott fracture

osteoprogenitor

produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast, and are stem cells

osteoprogenitor cells

produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast, and are stem cells

osteoblasts function to

produce osteoid

the broken bone does not penetrate the skin in a

simple fracture

cancellous or trabecular bone is also called

spongy bone

osteoprogenitor cells are located in

the endosteum and periosteum

appositional growth of cartilage

the stem cells in the perichondrium undergo mitosis, then the new matrix is produced at the periphery of the cartilage, and the last step os the committed cells become chondroblasts

long bones include

the thigh bone, the bones of the finger, the bones of the toes, and the bones of the palm

which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

they contain blood vessels, they contain nerves, and they are cylindrical channel

which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

they contain collagen fibers, they are rings of bone tissue, and their numbers cary among osteons

which statements characterize canaliculi?

they extend from lacunae to lacunae, nutrients pass through them, and they contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions

which statements characterize osteoclasts?

they have ruffled borders, they reabsorb bone matrix, they are phagocytic, and they secrete hydrochloric acid

which statement characterize osteoclasts?

they secrete hydrochloric acid, they reabsorb bone matrix, they have ruffled borders, and they are phsgocytic