Chp 8

Biometrics

is a method of authentication. It relies on unique characteristics of human beings. Biometrics data is difficult to copy and requires the user to be present so that this method of authentication can be used. e.g: - Fingerprint Scans - Retina/Iris Recognition - Face Recognition - Voice Recognition

credentials:

pieces of information

knowledge factor def

something that a person knows that can be used for authentication

possession factor

something that a person owns that can be used for authentication

Personal Data

•Contact details (Phone number/email address) •Address Details •Personal Images •Payment details including card and bank details •Medical history •Political views •Family details •Passwords

How to avoid inappropriate disclosure of personal data:

•Ensure privacy setting in social media sites have been activated. •Do not share data via social media or emails with strangers. •Do not post inappropriate images or content.

Firewall, Why is it Used

•Firewall provides security to a computer or network. •Is located between the computer and internet connection. •Firewalls will examine network traffic and block and alert users to potential risks.

ways of Physical Safety Risks

- Electrocution from spilling drinks •Ensure all drinks are kept away from the computers, ICT labs or office desks. - Fire from sockets being overloaded •Ensure plug sockets or extension cables are not overloaded. - Tripping over trailing cables •Ensure cable ducts are used to cover wires. •Ensure cables are tucked away. - Equipment overheating •Ensure ventilation in the room is good and equipment is not covered whilst in use.

Data types of security of data; how people can get your data?

- Hacking - Computer virus - Spyware - Phishing - Pharming - Smishing - Spam email - Credit card fraud

what shoud be done to prevent phishing, pharming and vishing scams, etc

- you should disclose your personal information. Also the use of an updated spyware software would help improve security on your computer. - Any attempt to obtain illegal information should be reported to the authorities. - Firewall - passwords

where you need to be cautious

During personal Use of Internet During usage of Email Use of Social Media Online Gaming

Inheritance factors eg

Encryption is the process of converting information into a form that is meaningless to anyone except holders of a 'key'.

types of two factor authentication

Knowledge factors - having a pins (passwords) Possession factors - Firewalls Inheritance factors - Biometrics (retina scanner, face recognition, etc)

Moderated Forums and Un-Moderated Forums

Moderated Forums: Online discussion forum where all posts are moderated by an administrator. Un-Moderated Forums: No measures are place to moderate posts by users. Issues Related to Security of Data: Security of Forums: Moderated forums are more secure than un- moderated forums as posts are regularly checked by the admin. Inappropriate posts which could be offensive can be deleted.

Cloud:

Online storage medium used to backup files. Files can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. Issues Related to Security of Data •Data has been lost in the past during a routine backup. •Celebrity data has been hacked and shared including images. •The security of the building where the servers are held and access rights to employees could effect the security of the data.

Passwords and User Name

Passwords are a method of authentication. They are used frequently online when logging onto user accounts. If passwords are breached then your account may be hacked. Details could be shared with other users of the internet.

Face Recognition:

Physical facial features are scanned and compared to the information held in the database. ads: •Non-intrusive method •Cheap technology dis: •Physical features can change over time with age.

Features of a web page that identify it as using a secure server

S will show after http in the URL address - for example https://www.ebay.co.uk Padlock will be shown on browser to show users the webpage is secure. Colour and company name will be shown in the address bar in the colour green once it has been validated by the certificate authorities as being secure.

Retina/Iris Recognition

Scans use infrared light to scan unique patterns of blood vessels in the retina. ads: •Very high accuracy. •No way to replicate a users retina dis: •Very intrusive •Expensive to setup Takes a while to scan

how to know if something is safe or not?

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) •Using a secure connection ensures data is kept safe when sending sensitive information. •Secure websites encrypt information before sending it to others. •Only the computer on the other end can read and understand the data. •Websites which depend on security can have their websites reviewed and validated by companies called certificate authorities. These reviews will ensure the website is secure.

Discuss why e-safety is needed

These days youngsters are not fully aware of the dangers the internet poses and the potential risks they may put themselves under. For that reason eSafety lessons are taking place in schools to educate young people about the potential risks of using the internet appropriately so that they know how to stay safe whilst being online.

Voice Recognition:

User will use speak which will compare the voice to one held on the database. ads: •Non-intrusive method •Cheap technology •Verification is very quick. dis: •Very low accuracy. •Users voice could be affected by an illness.

Fingerprint Scans

Users will have press their finger against the scanner. Finger prints are compared against those stored in the database. ads: •Very easy to use. •Very high accuracy. •Small storage requirements for biometric data. dis: •If the skin is damaged then it may be difficult for the reader to read and recognise the fingerprint.

Vishing

Uses a voice messages which tricks users into calling a premium rate telephone. Voice mail may sound legitimate and may request for user to update their details.

Hacking

What is Hacking? •To gain unauthorised access to a computer system without the user knowledge or permission. Effects of Hacking? •To delete, corrupt, copy and edit files. Sensitive Data could be sold to competitors. •Identity theft - to steal users identity. •To expose a company (for example wiki leaks). •To cause disruption and stop production. Strategies to prevent hacking to protect data •Use of firewalls - sometimes part of the operating system. •Use of strong passwords which are frequently changed. •Use of protection software to detect and block possible hacking attempts. •Hire a professional hacker to test the weaknesses of your system.

Pharming

What is Pharming? A malicious code installed onto a web server or computer will redirect users to a fake website even though they have typed in a legitimate URL address. Effects of Pharming? The fake website will look like the real website (websites tend to look like a trusted websites to deceive the user). Users will be tricked into entering their personal details. Like Phishing this can lead to fraud or identity theft. Strategies to prevent Pharming •Anti spyware software could eliminate pharming code from a computer. •Always double check the URL to see if is the same one you typed in.

Phishing

What is Phishing? The recipient will receive an email which looks legitimate. The email will normally request the user to update their details which could be their password or payment details. To update the users details they will have to click on a link which will take them to a fake website. Effects of Phishing? The user will be tricked into entering their details into a fake website. The sender of the initial email will have gained personal details from the user. These details can be used fraudulently or for identity theft. Strategies to prevent Phishing •Use a filter on your email account so that only emails from an allowed users appear in your inbox. •Always double check the URL and email address.

Smishing

What is Smishing (SMS Phishing)? Users will receive fake SMS (text) messages claiming they have won some sort of prize. Text message will appear to come from a legitimate company. To claim the price users will have to call a premium phone number or go to a website and give personal details. Effects of Smishing? The effects are very similar to Phishing and Pharming where personal details will be obtained from users. However users could incur additional costs when they ring the premium number to claim a prize. Strategies to prevent Smishing •Double check the SMS message - check for spelling mistakes. •Check the link of the website to see if it is legitimate? •Contact your bank directly If you are requested to change some details.

Spam Email

What is Spam Email? Spam (junk) email is sent out to recipients from a mailing list. The email could be part of a phishing scam or could be to promote certain products. They are basically unwanted emails. Effects of Spam Email? If a spam email is part of a phishing scam then there is a chance your details could be obtained. The network could also become slower or unresponsive if there is a lot of unnecessary traffic flooding the network. Strategies to prevent Spam Email •Use a junk email filter to stop spam email coming into the inbox. •Do not sign up for any commercial mailing lists. •Do not reply to spam email. •Untick the check box if you are asked to give your email to a third party.

Spyware

What is Spyware? Is a software which can monitor your use of the computer (internet browsing) and monitor and log key pressed. Effects of Spyware? Spyware software will send the data back to person who planted the spyware software on your computer. This could include personal details like passwords and banking account information. Spyware software could also install additional software to read cookie data and change web browsing preferences. Strategies to prevent Spyware •The use of anti spyware software which is regularly updated. •The use of a pointing device to select characters when entering sensitive data.

Computer Virus

What is a computer virus ? A computer virus is a piece of programming code/software which can install and replicate it self on to a computer system without the user's permission. Effects of a computer virus ? •Causes the computer to crash - become slower •Sometimes files can be deleted - leads to computer malfunction. •Data files can be copied by the hacker or the files could be corrupted. •Could stop production until the virus has been quarantined. Strategies to prevent computer virus •Install antivirus software and regularly update it. •Do not use software or USB from unknown sources. •Be careful about clicking on links from untrusted websites. •Be careful about downloading attachments from unknown email addresses. Downloaded exe (executable) files could also be a virus when they are installed by double clicking on them.

Credit Card Fraud

What is credit card fraud? Online credit card fraud is when a user is tricked into giving their personal and financial information. This could be via phishing, pharming or the use of spyware software. Effects of credit card fraud? When a users account has been breached (credit/debit card details have been obtained)then unauthorised purchases can be made. Also money can be transferred out of the account. Strategies to prevent credit card fraud. •Have a strong password on your account. •Ensure website has a secure connection. •Install and update spyware software. •Regularly check bank statement for any suspicious activity.

inheritance factors

a physical characteristic that someone can use for authentication, eg. their fingerprint

multi-factor authentication

a user has to produce several pieces of evidence in a evidence in a challenge test

two factor authentication

a user has to produce two pieces of evidence in a challenge test

challenge- response check

an authentication method used to identity a user who has to produce a piece of evidence, eg: password

Personal Use of Internet

•General browsing - keeping up to date with current affairs. •Researching for school projects. •Online shopping/banking Minimise the Potential Dangers: •Only use trusted websites or those recommended by teachers. •Only use a student friendly search engine with safety filters. •Restrict access to certain content via ISP or filtering software.

Online Gaming

•Online gaming is now very popular over many platforms. More games are now providing multiplayer options with some games. •Maps especially created for online gamers. Minimise the Potential Dangers: •Never use real name when playing games online. •Use appropriate language when using headsets and communicating with other gamers. •Only play online with trusted friends.

Use of Social Media

•Personal Use: •Share information about yourself to your friends and followers. •Business Use: •Promotion/Awareness Minimise the Potential Dangers: •Know how to block and report unwanted users in chat rooms. •Never give out any personal information online. •Never arrange to meet strangers especially in a secluded place. •Keep adults informed about your use of social media.

Strategies to minimise potential safety risks

•Regular maintenance of equipment to check if it is passing safety standards. •Regular check of the state of cables/plugs to ensure there is nothing exposed. •Use of wireless connections to eliminate the use of cables. Ensure potential trip hazards are under desks (bags, plug sockets).

Use of Email

•To keep in touch with friends, family and co workers. •To share information including attachments - Images, Presentations etc. •To get in touch with organisations. Minimise the Potential Dangers: •Only email people already known to you or from your contacts list. •Think before opening an email from an unknown person. •Be careful about emailing your school's name or a picture of yourself in school uniform.

Why personal data should be confidential and protected:

•Users can be stalked or even kidnapped - status updates can alert people of your location at a particular time. •Details can be stolen, copied or pass on. •Users could be blackmailed/ threatened into doing inappropriate things. •Customer details could be sold onto a third party.