CHS 755 - All Quizzes

or which actions is the CMS Center for Clinical Standards and Quality responsible for? (Select all that apply.) Developing and adopting performance measurement systems Protecting against fraud and abuse Developing best practices

Developing best practices

The complete compilation of all the United States' laws, which is published every six years, is called the Law Book Statutes at Large Slip Law U.S. Code

U.S. Code

Federal judges, who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate, hold their office for five years before the Senate must decide whether to extend the appointment. ten years before campaigning for reelection. life tenure, or until they resign, die, or are impeached and convicted by Congress. five years before they must seek reelection by the voters in their jurisdiction.

life tenure, or until they resign, die, or are impeached and convicted by Congress.

A committee or subcommittee going through a considered bill line by line and making changes is referred to as a: staff report. markup. Statement of Administration Policy (SAP). committee edit.

markup.

Decisions that affect the cost and quality of, and access to, health care are: often decentralized and privatized. always made centrally and publicly. always reviewed by judges. not affected by judicial rulings.

often decentralized and privatized.

Which of the following is a real-world example of the ethical decision-making principle of respect for autonomy? Paternalism Beneficence Nonmaleficence Advance directives

Advance directives

The laws to which the courts must look when deciding how to rule in a particular case are sourced from constitutions (federal and state). All of these choices rules and regulations issued by implementing organizations. laws or statutes passed by legislative bodies. common law.

All of these choices

Which of these tactics is used by interest groups to influence policy? All of these tactics are used by interest groups. Lobbying Litigation Shaping public opinion Electioneering

All of these tactics are used by interest groups.

What can be the end result of the formulation phase of policymaking? (Select all that apply.) Amendment Law Joint Resolution

Amendment Law

Which statement most accurately describes the pluralist and/or elitist perspectives on interest groups? Someone arguing from the pluralist perspective would say that only those interest groups that represent the wealthy and powerful have true power in influencing policymaking. Both pluralists and elitists would say that all interest groups share relatively similar amounts of political influence in the long run. Someone arguing from the elitist perspective would say that the large number of interest groups gives all individuals a voice. An elitist perspective holds that a small portion of the population controls the nation's key institutions and most of its wealth.

An elitist perspective holds that a small portion of the population controls the nation's key institutions and most of its wealth.

Which ethical principles are defined as "seeking to do good" and "doing no harm"? Utilitarian justice and libertarian justice Justice and nonmaleficence Beneficence and nonmaleficence Beneficence and justice

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Which CMS program is responsible for health insurance for children? Medicare PCORI CMI CHIP

CHIP

Which CMS center serves as the focal point for fraud and abuse issues in Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP? Center for Program Integrity Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center for Clinical Standards and Quality Center for Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight

Center for Program Integrity

How does constitutional law compare with common law? Common law applies only to state-level laws, while constitutional law applies at the federal level as well. Common law usually creates rights between private parties; the Constitution protects against the exercise of government authority. Common law is not explicitly documented, whereas constitutional law is clearly written in the Constitution. Common law is derived from rules and regulations, whereas constitutional law is derived from the Constitution.

Common law usually creates rights between private parties; the Constitution protects against the exercise of government authority.

Which type of committee is established to resolve differences between the versions of a bill passed in the House and Senate? Resolution committee Joint determination committee Compromise committee Conference committee

Conference committee

Which perspective of justice holds that everyone should have equal access to the benefits and burdens arising from the pursuit of health, and that fairness requires recognition of different levels of need? Libertarian perspective Utilitarian perspective Egalitarian perspective

Egalitarian perspective

What marks the transition from policy formulation to policy implementation in the policymaking process? Development of legislation Carrying out designing, rulemaking, operating, and evaluating elements of implementation Enactment of legislation Establishment of rules to guide implementation

Enactment of legislation

The designing activity involves which of the following actions? (Select all that apply.) Establishing the agenda of an implementing organization Organizing to carry out the agenda Planning how to address the agenda

Establishing the agenda of an implementing organization Organizing to carry out the agenda Planning how to address the agenda

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the four time-specific types of policy evaluations? Ex-ante, maintenance, monitoring, and ex-post Monitoring, maintenance, ex-ante, and ex-post Ex-ante, ex-post, monitoring, and maintenance Maintenance, monitoring, ex-ante, and ex-post

Ex-ante, maintenance, monitoring, and ex-post

Primary responsibility for implementation of public laws rests with which government branch? Legislative Executive Judicial

Executive

Proposed and final rules are published in which daily publication? Library of Congress Daily Report Federal Rulemaking Summary Federal Register Federal Depository

Federal Register

Agenda setting occurs during which phase of policymaking? Evaluation Modification Formulation Implementation

Formulation

Which of the following agencies is the investigative arm of Congress, also known as the "congressional watchdog"? Congressional Research Service (CRS) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Government Accountability Office (GAO) Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

Under the ACA, what federal agency was tasked with establishing the federal marketplace? HHS IPAB CMS OIG

HHS

Evaluating, designing, operating, and rulemaking are all elements of which policymaking phase? Formulation phase Implementation phase Development phase Modification phase

Implementation phase

Which of these statements about interest groups are true? Interest groups sometimes use litigation to pursue their policy objectives. Interest groups leave electioneering exclusively to elected officials. Interest groups are permitted by the US Constitution.

Interest groups sometimes use litigation to pursue their policy objectives. Interest groups are permitted by the US Constitution.

Which statement most accurately states where the responsibility for policy implementation lies? It lies primarily with the judicial branch, but it is shared with the executive and legislative branches as well. It lies primarily with the executive branch, but it is shared with the legislative and judicial branches as well. Implementation responsibility is shared equally among the branches of government. It lies primarily with the legislative branch, but it is shared with the executive and judicial branches as well.

It lies primarily with the executive branch, but it is shared with the legislative and judicial branches as well.

Having influence in policy markets depends upon possessing of combinations of which of these types of power? (Select all that apply.) Legitimate and reward power Reward and coercive power Expert and referent power

Legitimate and reward power Reward and coercive power Expert and referent power

In the United States, health policy is made at which levels of government? (Select all that apply.) Local Federal State

Local Federal State

Which of the following acts created a prescription drug benefit for seniors in Medicare? Tax Relief and Health Care Act Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) Deficit Reduction Act Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Medicare Modernization Act (MMA)

Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of legislation? Negotiated resolution Bill Joint resolution Simple resolution

Negotiated resolution

Which of the following statements does not reflect a feature of the policymaking process? Policymaking is a cyclical process. Policymaking occurs in independent phases. Policymaking occurs in the context of a dynamic external environment. Policymaking is a highly political process.

Policymaking occurs in independent phases.

The Honorable Tim Murphy argued that which of the following contributes to violence? Lack of mental health medications being available to the public Poor gun control Involuntary commitment laws that are not modernized A lack of background checks

Poor gun control

Which type of social power is drawn from an individual or group's relative position in the larger society? Coercive social power Reward-based social power Expert social power Positional social power

Positional social power

What is the greatest difference between the criteria used by those evaluating private versus public policy solutions? Availability of resources to implement the available solutions The scientific and technical dimensions The consideration of costs and benefits Sensitivity to politics and the public at large

Sensitivity to politics and the public at large

What is the greatest difference between the criteria used by those evaluating private versus public policy solutions? The scientific and technical dimensions Availability of resources to implement the available solutions The consideration of costs and benefits Sensitivity to politics and the public at large

Sensitivity to politics and the public at large

The Supreme Court overrode a component of the ACA. What did the court decide? The federal insurance subsidies were not permitted. The individual insurance mandate was an invalid exercise of Congress's power. States could not be penalized by the withholding of federal funds if they elected not to expand their Medicaid program. The Independent Payment Advisory Board was unconstitutional.

States could not be penalized by the withholding of federal funds if they elected not to expand their Medicaid program.

Major factors in high health care spending in the United States include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Technology and prescription drugs A greater number of low-income individuals seeking health care The rise in chronic diseases and administrative costs

Technology and prescription drugs The rise in chronic diseases and administrative costs

Which of the following statements is true about the ACA's role in changing the usual policy implementation responsibilities of the CMS? The ACA shifted some of the responsibilities of the CMS into newly established agencies. The ACA expanded the agency's role and responsibilities. The ACA did not significantly change the role of the CMS.

The ACA expanded the agency's role and responsibilities.

Choose the statement that best describes income as a health determinant: Lower-income Americans are always in poorer health than are their wealthier counterparts. The barriers to good health faced by low-income Americans can be reduced by sound health policy. Improving health for low-income individuals is as simple as providing additional financial resources. Providing health insurance to all Americans should eliminate the fourfold disparity in health performance for lower-income populations.

The barriers to good health faced by low-income Americans can be reduced by sound health policy.

A Senate subcommittee accepts a bill requiring a national prescription drug monitoring program. Select the two options that could be an immediate next step for the bill in its path to become legislation. The bill is put to a floor vote in the Senate. The full committee calls for a hearing to investigate the merits and flaws of the bill. The bill passes to the president for consideration, and it can be approved or vetoed. The bill proceeds to the full committee, which can approve, amend, or reject it.

The bill passes to the president for consideration, and it can be approved or vetoed. The full committee calls for a hearing to investigate the merits and flaws of the bill.

What is the purpose of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMI), which was created by the ACA as a new center within the CMS? To test and implement innovative payment and delivery models To promote modernization in the use of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in Medicare and Medicaid To incentivize the use of new technologies in treating disease To test and implement new ways to use technology to deliver "telehealth" to seniors using Medicare

To test and implement innovative payment and delivery models

Which of the following is not a principle affecting ethical decision making? Utility theory Beneficence Respect for autonomy

Utility theory

A bill is a policy proposal introduced in the House or Senate by an interest group. a public law. a completely developed piece of legislation, ready for a floor vote. a piece of proposed legislation.

a piece of proposed legislation.

The ACA established the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB), which makes recommendations to Congress for the maximum rate of reimbursement for Medicare physicians. the rates at which Medicare will reimburse various procedures. payments made to medical schools that provide care to the uninsured. achieving specific Medicare spending reductions if costs exceed a target growth rate.

achieving specific Medicare spending reductions if costs exceed a target growth rate.

The implementation phase includes the following activities EXCEPT evaluating. agenda setting. designing. rulemaking.

agenda setting.

Policies usually fall within one of two basic categories: redistributive or distributive. competitive regulatory or protective regulatory. judicial or legislative. allocative or regulatory.

allocative or regulatory.

Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president and confirmed by the current Supreme Court justices. appointed by the Senate and confirmed by the House. appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. appointed by the Senate and confirmed by the president.

appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.

Unlike decision makers in economic markets, decision makers in policy markets always consider the burden of their policies on future generations. always consider both benefits and costs. are more likely to weigh costs and benefits over the long run. are more likely to base decisions on immediate costs and benefits.

are more likely to base decisions on immediate costs and benefits.

Cases that are decided by the Supreme Court: can be appealed to a U.S. appellate court. cannot be appealed. can be overridden by the president. can be appealed to a U.S. district court.

cannot be appealed.

When courts decide disputes regarding the extent of authority of a branch of government, they are often considered to be acting like meaning givers. judicial activists. constitutional referees. rights protectors.

constitutional referees.

The ACA extended coverage to: teenage mothers. foster children up to age 28. dependent children under age 26. single fathers with dependent children.

dependent children under age 26.

"Healthcare disparities" are best defined as: disparities in which one group experiencing a higher burden of illness, injury, death, or disability as compared to other groups. disparities in the representation of minorities among health care professionals. differences in variables such as access, insurance, coverage, and quality of services received. differences in the outcomes of

differences in variables such as access, insurance, coverage, and quality of services received.

The MMA required that Medicare Advantage Organizations to offer at least one plan that combines coverage under Parts A and B with ________ coverage. preventive care dental drug vision

drug

The Constitution's supremacy clause has the effect of ensuring that federal laws preempt state laws regulating the same subject. ensuring a role for the Senate in appointing members of the Supreme Court. mandating that the Supreme Court rule on all important health policy issues.

ensuring that federal laws preempt state laws regulating the same subject.

The departments and agencies responsible for most federal policy implementation are components of the judicial branch. legislative and executive branches. executive branch. legislative branch.

executive branch.

According to federal law, the possession of marijuana is only permitted when used for: drug-addiction research funded by state organizations. federally approved research. pain management. medicinal purposes.

federally approved research.

The three phases of policymaking are designing, rulemaking, and evaluating. implementation, impact analysis, and modification. formulation, implementation, and modification. formulation, negotiation, and implementation.

formulation, implementation, and modification.

Health policies affect health through an intervening set of variables called health factors. health determinants. health considerations. health variables.

health determinants.

Punctuated equilibrium theorizes that policymaking occurs in steady, incremental steps. at a fast pace for the most part, with occasional periods of stagnancy. at the fastest pace when both parties are balanced in the House and Senate. in small incremental steps, disrupted by bursts of rapid transformation.

in small incremental steps, disrupted by bursts of rapid transformation.

The concept that each branch of government possesses particular strengths and weaknesses relevant to policymaking is referred to as institutional competence. judicial review. separation of powers. task-specific competence.

institutional competence.

In agenda setting, the window of opportunity is created by the optimal interaction of problems, possible solutions, and political circumstances. resources, timing, and voter interest. policy implementation, policy evaluation, and policy modification. problems, policy analysis, and evidence-based solutions.

problems, possible solutions, and political circumstances.

A policy described as "allocative" distributes goods and resources to the groups that can afford to pay for them, much like a market. ensures that goods and resources are targeted to those who need them most. distributes goods and resources evenly among all groups. seeks to distribute goods and resources to one group at the expense of others.

seeks to distribute goods and resources to one group at the expense of others.

The president's central role in the passing of a federal budget each year is to: choose which version of the budget (between those submitted by the House and the Senate) to sign into law. submit a budget request to Congress each year to initiate the process. complete a "markup" of the budget proposed by Congress. appoint committee members to the Federal Budget committee.

submit a budget request to Congress each year to initiate the process.

A "pocket veto" occurs when a president sends the bill back to the House and Senate with required changes. takes no action on a bill after Congress has adjourned its second session. approves the bill but announces plans to amend it in the future. takes no action on a bill for ten days while Congress is in session

takes no action on a bill after Congress has adjourned its second session.

If the House and Senate fail to reconcile the differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill, then the bills are sent to the president, who can then choose which to approve. the bill effectively dies. the version of the bill that was passed first becomes law. the House and Senate call a joint hearing.

the bill effectively dies.

The term federalism refers to the concept that a federal court's ruling has higher authority than that of a state court. the belief held by some that a strong federal government is more important than strong state governments. the constitutional divisions in authority between the national (federal) government and the state governments. the principle that laws at the federal level are considered more authoritative than those at the state level.

the constitutional divisions in authority between the national (federal) government and the state governments.

Though interest groups more often seek to influence the legislative and executive branches, pursuing policy goals in court might be attractive because the courts have the most influence in policymaking. the groups may not have the resources to successfully lobby the legislative and executive branches. pursuing policy goals in court is often the fastest method. policymaking that occurs in the judicial branch is usually final.

the groups may not have the resources to successfully lobby the legislative and executive branches.

In the context of constitutional law, "police power" is defined as: the general principle that individuals must obey law enforcement officials who are employed by the state or federal government. the power of states to regulate a wide range of areas to protect their citizens. the federal government power to regulate, or "police," state governments that are not appropriately acting for the common good of their citizens.

the power of states to regulate a wide range of areas to protect their citizens.

In the context of United States health policy, the term federalism refers to the principle that a federal judge can review and deem any state health-related law unconstitutional. the way in which health policy responsibilities are shared between the federal and state governments. the fact that almost all health policies are made at the federal level. the principle that the federal government is granted "police power" by the states to protect the health and welfare of each state's citizenry.

the way in which health policy responsibilities are shared between the federal and state governments.

Enacted laws are typically _________, which makes rulemaking _____________. specific; simple strictly defined; secondary well outlined; chaotic vague; critical

vague; critical

A proposal that is not enacted by the end of the congressional session in which it was introduced automatically passes to the president for consideration. will be considered during the next session, but only if placed on a special list for priority legislation. will die and must be reintroduced during the next session to be considered further. carries over to the next session for consideration.

will die and must be reintroduced during the next session to be considered further.

A health policy that is enacted within a representative democracy with separation of powers at all governmental levels and that is characterized by the presence of well-funded interest groups: will be based on the best scientific evidence available. will reflect the preferences of the majority of citizens. is unlikely to be successful. will represent a compromise among multiple and competing interests.

will represent a compromise among multiple and competing interests.

If a president vetoes a bill, Congress can override the veto with a majority vote in the House and a two-thirds vote in the Senate. with a two-thirds vote in the House and Senate. with a three-fourths majority in both the House and Senate. with a majority vote in both the House and Senate.

with a two-thirds vote in the House and Senate.