Chs Test- Chemistry
liquid
A _____ adopts the shape of its new container.
theory
A _____ is a general principle that is offered to explain a natural phenomenon.
law
A _____ is a statement that is always true, but does not include an explanation as to why.
gas
A _____ takes up the shape and volume of its container.
mixtures
A combination of two or more pure substances
solid
A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
liquid
A form of matter that has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape
gas
A form of matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
homogeneous mixtures
A mixture with uniform composition throughout
heterogeneous mixtures
A mixture with visibly distinguishable components, exist primarily in the solid and liquid states
scientific method
A process consisting of making observations, developing a hypothesis, and testing that hypothesis
reproducible
An experiment MUST be highly _____.
replicated
Before conclusions can be considered reliable, experiments and results must be _____ in other labs.
general principle
Deductive reasoning begins with a _____ _____.
general, specific
Deductive reasoning involves making _____ observations, and then drawing a _____ conclusion.
compressed
Gases are easily _____ because of the large spaces in between gas particles.
pure substances
Have a constant composition and can only be changed by chemical reactions
chemical
If something new is NOT made, then it is not a _____ change.
physical and extensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: A given sample of lead weighs 4.5 g.
physical and intensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Diamonds are the hardest known substance.
physical and intinsive (because gold will always conduct electricty no matter the amount)
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Gold conducts electricity.
physical and intensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Most metals are lustrous.
chemical
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Most metals react with acids.
physical and intensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Salt is capable of dissolving in water.
physical and extensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: The length of a piece of aluminum foil is 12.2 cm.
chemical
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Vinegar reacts with baking soda.
physical and intensive
Indicate whether each of the following is a chemical property or a physical property. If it is a physical property, indicate whether it is an intensive or extensive property.: Water boils at 100°C.
specific, general
Inductive reasoning involves making _____ observations, and then drawing a _____ conclusion.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Aluminum has melting point of 660°C.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Aluminum metal is gray colored.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Diamond is the hardest substance known.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Lemon juice (citric acid) is sour.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Metals are lustrous (shiny).
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Water has a boiling point of 100°C.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: Water has a density of 1 g/mL.
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: boiling point
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: color
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: density
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: hardness
extensive
Intensive or extensive?: length
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: luster
extensive
Intensive or extensive?: mass
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: melting point
intensive
Intensive or extensive?: taste
extensive
Intensive or extensive?: volume
inductive reasoning
Involves getting a collection of specific examples and drawing a general conclusion from them
incompressible
Liquids are _____.
solid, liquid, gas
Matter typically exists in one of three states: _____, _____, or _____.
intensive properties
Physical properties that are independent on the amount of a substance present
extensive properties
Physical properties that depend on the amount of a substance present
physical properties
Properties of matter that can be observed without changing the matter's composition
chemical properties
Properties that describe matter's reactions with other substances
incompressible
Solids are almost completely _____, meaning that solids cannot be squeezed into a smaller volume.
compounds
Substances that can be broken down into their individual elements, but only through chemical processes
elements
Substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
deductive reasoning
Takes a general principle and then draws a specific conclusion from the general concept
solid
The shape of a _____ does not change if it is transferred from one container to another.
phlogiston
The substance that is lost from a material when it is burned
liquid
The volume of a _____ does not change, because the molecules are still relatively close to one another.
1. Ask a question - identify the problem to be considered. 2. Make observations - gather data that pertains to the question. 3. Propose an explanation (a hypothesis) for the observations. 4. Design and carry out ways to test the hypothesis.
What are the four steps of the scientific method?
solid
When a _____ is heated or cooled, it expands or contracts only slightly.
C. The volume of orange juice is 25 mL. (Charcoal's black color and gold's luster are intensive properties, and are not dependent on how much charcoal or gold is present. Charcoal will always be black and gold will always be shiny. However if you had more or less orange juice, its volume would not stay the same. So, this is an extensive property.)
Which of the following is an extensive property? A. The color of charcoal is black. B. Gold is shiny. C. The volume of orange juice is 25 mL.
A. Calories per serving. (The rest are extensive because there is no specified amount. A larger amount of crackers would have more grams, crackers, and total calories but the same number of calories per serving.)
Which of the following is an intensive property of a box of crackers? A. Calories per serving. B. Total grams. C. Total number of crackers. D. Total calories.
A. Most metals will react with acids.
Which of the following would be examples of a chemical property? A. Most metals will react with acids. B. Water can be a solid, liquid, or a gas. C. Water mixes well with ethanol.
pure substances
_____ _____ have two or more elements in a chemical bond.
Inductive, deductive
_____ and _____ reasoning can be thought of as opposites.
Matter
_____ is anything that has density.
Matter
_____ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Extensive
_____ properties DO change with changes of size, shape, or scale.
intensive
_____ properties do NOT change with changes of size, shape, or scale.