CIH COMBINED

Vinyl chloride

Angiosarcoma of liver, raynauds syndrome, acroosteolysis, lung cancer, A1

Carbon disulfide

Antherosclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, hearing, A4, skin

Phosphorous compounds

Aseptic necrosis of the bone, pulmonary edema, CNS depression, skin burns, eye irritation, phossy jaw, liver damage

BED

Bases are Electron Donors and proton acceptors

Shavers disease

Bauxite pneumoconiosis associated with silica and aluminum

Benzidine

Bladder cancer, A1, skin

Fluorides

Chronic: anorexia, nausea, osteosclerosis, fluorosis. A4 acute: ulcers of the skin, respiratory irritation

White asbestos

Chrysotile (serpentine) group. Most found in US.

Carbon tetrachloride

Cirrhosis of liver, jaundice, tubular necrosis of the proximal tubules, fatigue, nausea, A2, skin

Beryllium

Contact dermatitis, pneumonitis, granulmatous lesions, CBD, lung cancer, A1, skin

Blue asbestos

Crocidolite (amphibole group) most toxic form

Uranium

Deposited in bones but toxic effect on kidneys, A1

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)

Dermatitis, upper respiratory irritation, nervous system depression

Chromium

Dermatitis, upper respiratory tract irritation, ulcers, lung cancer, A1

Mercury sampling

Direct: UV Shift: charcoal with iodine

Ozone sampling

Direct: chemiluminescence

Radiant heat

Does not heat air in the area. Not affected by air velocity. Best controlled with shielding.

Sampling temp & pressure correction

Exposure= ppm site(760/Psite)(Tsite/298)

Lead

Nervous system, hematopoietic sytem, 90% stored in the bones, wrist drop, spermatogenesis, hearing, A3

Mercury organic

Neuronal degeneration, kidney damage, skin

Class 1 laser

No hazard under normal use

Best use for charcoal tubes

Nonpolar molecules, organic vapors with boiling points above 0 C

Radium

Osteogenic sarcoma (bone cancer)

Isokinetic sampling, gas air stream greater than probe air stream.

Over sample large particles

Probability of independent events

P(a and b) = P(a) * P(b)

Probability not mutually exclusive

P(a or b) = P(a) + P(b) - P(a and b)

Probability not mutually exclusive

P(a or b)=P(a) + P(b) - (ab)

Joint probability

P(ab) = P(a) * P(b)

Boyles law

P1V1 = P2V2

Nitrogen dioxide

Penetrates deep lung where forms nitric acid, pulmonary edema, reduced olfactory, respiratory irritation, A4

Mercury elemental

Peripheral nervous system, kidney damage, tremors, hearing, A4, skin

Ethylene oxide

Peripheral neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, toxic encephalopathy, cancer, A2

Best use for silica gel tubes

Polar molecules, has high affinity for moisture

Class 3a laser

Power < 5mW, safe t<0.25 sec if irradiance <2.5 mW/cm^2 visible

Class 2a laser

Power <0.39 microW, safe t <1000 sec. Supermarket scanner.

Class 3b laser

Power <0.5 W, viewing controls recommend

Class 4 laser

Power > 0.5 W, controls required

Class 2 laser

Power less than 1 mW, safe for t<0.25 sec visible

P value

Probability of obtaining a mean as extreme or more extreme than the observed sample mean given that the null hypothesis is true.

Isokinetic sampling, gas air stream less than probe air stream.

Under sample large particles

Vanadium

Upper airway irritation, heavy exposure green tongue

Hydrogen cyanide

Upper respiratory irritation, headache, nausea, thyroid, cellular asphyxiation, skin

Phase contrast microscopy (PCM)

Used for OSHA asbestos compliance. Can not identify fiber type or distinguish smaller fibers. Resolution ~ 0.25 micrometers.

Amperometric cell

Used in oxygen deficiency meters with combustible gas meters

Charles law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

UV spectrum

180-400 nm

Methylene chloride

(Dichloromethane) skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation, depresses the CNS, COHb-emia, angina pectoris, A3

SCBA pressure demand PF

10,000

Inhalable dust cut point

100 micrometers

PAPR full face piece PF

1000

Supplied air full face piece continuous PF

1000

Fume size

0.001-1.0 micrometers

Smoke size

0.01-1.0 micrometers

Mist size

0.01-10 micrometers

Dust size

0.1 - 30 micrometers

Half mask air purifying PF

10

Thoracic dust cut point

10 micrometers

PAPR loose fitting PF

25

Radio frequency spectrum

300MHz to 30 KHz

Microwave spectrum

300MHz to 300GHz

1 liter

33.8 ounces

Respirable dust cut point

4 micrometers

EPA radon action level

4 picocuries per liter of air Alpha radiation.

Visible spectrum

400-760 nm

Full face piece purifying PF

50

PAPR half mask PF

50

SCBA demand PF

50

Supplied air Half mask continuous PF

50

1 2 & 3 standard deviations

68.3%, 95.5% & 99.7%

IR spectrum

760 nm to 1000 micrometers(300GHz)

Density of water

8.33 pounds per gallon

Accuracy

= (measured - true)*100/true

Terminal settling velocity

= 0.003 * (diameter)^2

Silica PEL

= 10/ (%quartz +2)

Minimum Volume sampling

= detection limit (micrograms)/PEL (mg/m^3)

Required sample time

= minimum sample volume/ sample rate

Type 2 error

Accept the null when false, p value and beta

Teratogenic

Agent that will induce a birth defect.

Brown asbestos

Amosite (amphibole group)

1,3-butadiene

Frostbite, dermatitis, upper airway irritation, blood and lymphatic cancer, A2

Selenium & tellurium

Garlic breath

Cobalt

Hard metal disease (lung fibrosis), asthma, cardiomyopathy, A3

Convection heat

Heats air in surrounding area. Affected by air velocity.

Benzene

Hematopoietic system, leukemia, A1, skin, metabolized by the body to form phenol.

Organochlorines

Insecticide , interferes with normal CNS functions, aplastic anemia, (ex. DDT, chlordane, Aldrin, Kepone)

Filtration methods

Interception, diffusion, impaction, electrostatic

Cadmium

Kidney damage biggest concern. Tubular proteinuria, pulmonary edema, respiratory irritation, delayed symptoms, A2

Sulfur dioxide

Lower respiratory tract irritation, eyes, skin and mucous membrane irritation, A4

Coal tar pitch volatiles

Lung cancer, acne, folliculitis, phototoxic, dermatitis, A1

Nickel compounds

Lung cancer, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), contact and sensitization dermatitis (nickel itch), airway irritation

Arsine

Massive destruction of RBC, peripheral nervous system, vascular system, kidney and liver

Phosgene

Mucous membrane, skin, lung, & eye irritation, pulmonary edema and emphysema

Type 1 error

Reject the null when true, alpha

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Resolution ~ 0.0025 micrometers. Fibers can be identified. Can't use for OSHA.

Formaldehyde

Respiratory irritation, dermatitis, A2, sensitizer. Ion or gas chromatography, infrared analyzer

Tetraethyl lead

Severe CNS toxicity, absorbed rapidly through skin

Antimony

Similar effect as arsenic but vomiting more severe. Trivalent salts most toxic - A2 lung cancer

Arsenic

Skin & lung cancer, trivalent most toxic, Pale bands on fingernails, fatigue, anemia, hearing, A1

Copper

Stored in liver and bone marrow. Metal fume fever.

Cylinder volume

pie(r)^2(height)