CIS-131 Final Study

Databases Minimize Three Main Problems

1. Data Redundancy 2. Data Isolation 3. Data Inconsistency

fiber-optic cable

A communications medium consisting of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibers, surrounded by cladding, that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that provides Internet connections for a fee.

foreign key

A field (or group of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row (or record) of another table.

data mart

A low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or a department.

Normalization

A method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form for minimum redundancy, maximum data integrity, and best processing performance.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network that connect communications devices in a limited geographic region, such as a building, so that every user device on the network can communicate with every other device

unary relationship

A relationship between instances of a single entity type.

master data

A set of core data, such as customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location, and so on, that spans an enterprise's information systems.

peer-to-peer processing (P2P)

A type of client/server distributed processing that allows two or more computers to pool their resources, making each computer both a client and a server

data dictionary

Collection of definitions of data elements; data characteristics that use the data elements; and the individuals, business functions, applications, and reports that use this data element.

package

Common term for an integrated group of computer programs developed by a vendor and available for purchase in prepackaged form.

clickstream data

Data collected about user behavior and browsing patterns by monitoring users' activities when they visit a Website

unstructured data

Data that do not reside in a traditional relational database

stand-alone mainframes to mainframe and dumb terminals

Remote job entry was enabled by converting from

not a calibrated instrument

Richard Dabate's attorney suggested that the information gleaned from Connie Dabate's electronic device would be inadmissible in court because it was ________

Open source

Software available at no cost to both developers and users; it is distributed with license terms.

multidimensional structure

Storage of data in more than two dimensions; a common representation is the data cube.

mobile

Suppose you use your university's computer lab to print your research papers. If this computer lab contains laptop computers that are connected to the printer in the center of the room with Ethernet cables, it is a _______ lab

WWW; Client server

The ____ is a system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, and displaying information through a _________ architecture

application portfolio

The _______ is/are a prioritized inventory of present applications and a detailed plan of projects to be developed or continued during the current year

IPv6

The adoption of ________ has been an important factor in the development of the Internet of Things.

Application software

The class of computer instructions that directs a computer system to perform specific processing activities and provide functionality for users.

Systems software

The class of computer instructions that serve primarily as an intermediary between computer hardware and application programs; provides important self-regulatory functions for computer systems.

tacit knowledge

The cumulative store of subjective or experimental learning, which is highly personal and hard to formalize

Internet backbone

The primary network connections and telecommunications lines that link the computers and organizational nodes of the Internet.

Programming

The process of writing or coding software programs

Database Management System (DBMS)

The software program (or group of programs) that provides access to a database.

Domain Name System (DNS)

The system administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names (ICANN) that assigns names to each site on the Internet.

query by example (QBE)

To obtain information from a relational database, a user fills out a grid or template—also known as a form—to construct a sample or a description of the data desired.

Characteristics of Big Data

Volume, Variety, Velocity

geo

You have satellite TV. Providers use ___________ satellites to get this service to you

satellite

________ transmission systems can have a large coverage area but encryption must be used for security

data lake

a central repository that stores all of an organization's data, regardless of their source or format

field

a characteristic of interest that describes an entity

Big Data

a collection of data so large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems

data file (table)

a collection of logically related records

twisted-pair wire

a communications medium consisting of strands of copper wire twisted together in pairs

Search Engine

a computer program that searches for specific information by key words and reports the results

metasearch engine

a computer program that searches several engines at once and integrates the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by users

join operation

a database operation that combines records from two or more tables in a database

data model

a diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationships

record

a grouping of logically related fields

Wide Area Network (WAN)

a network, generally provided by common carriers, that covers a wide geographic area

entity

a person, place, thing, or event of interest to a user

Crowdsourcing

a process in which an organization outsources a task to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call

master data management

a process that spans all organizational business processes and applications.

Ternary Relationship

a relationship that exists when three entities are associated

binary relationship

a relationship that exists when two entities are associated

data warehouse

a repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization

Software

a set of computer programs that enable the hardware to process data

GUI

allows users to directly control the hardware by manipulating visible objects and actions that replace complex commands.

data governance

an approach to managing information across an entire organization.

containers

are a method of developing applications that run independently of the base operating system of the server

Metadata

data about data

Transactional data

data generated and captured by operational systems that describe the business's activities, or transactions

non-volatile

data marts and data houses are ______; this means they cannot be updated by users.

relational database model

data model based on the simple concept of tables in order to capitalize on characteristics of rows and columns of data

Connectivity

describes the classification of a relationship: one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many

instance

each row in a relational table, which is a specific, unique representation of the entity

coaxial cable

insulated copper wire; used to carry high-speed data traffic and television signals

JAD

is a group-based tool for collecting user requirements and creating system designs

SAAS

is a method of delivering software in which a vendor hosts the applications and provides them as a service to customers over a network, typically the internet

container

is a self-contained operating environment that behaves as if it were a separate physical computer.

Agile Development

is a software development methodology that delivers functionality in rapid iterations which are usually measured in weeks.

Portal

is a web-base, personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the internet using advanced search and indexing techniques.

time

is an advantage of the buy option.

A rogue access point

is an unauthorized access point into a wireless network.

software defined

networks are an emerging technology that is becoming increasingly important to help organizations manage their data flows across their enterprise networks

Dematerialization

occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one other physical device

business rules

precise descriptions of policies, procedures, or principles in any organization that stores and uses data to generate information

collaboration

refers to efforts by two or more entities who work together to accomplish certain tasks.

bandwidth

refers to the transmission capacity of a network; it is stated in bits per second.

investigation analysis design programming/testing implementation operation/maintenance

the correct order of the SDLC

WAN

the internet is a global _____

Cardinality

the maximum number of times an instance of one entity can be associated with an instance in the related entity

explicit knowledge

the more objective, rational, and technical types of knowledge

Structured Query Language (SQL)

the most popular query language for requesting information from a relational database

Workflow

the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization's work procedures

IPv6

was developed because we have run out of IP addresses in the original IP addressing scheme

Stand-alone PCs

was/were NOT initially supported by firms' IT departments.

Documentation

written description of the functions of a software program