CIS 4524 - Chapter 1- 4
63. MC #33 ____ was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft. a. Artemis b. Columbia c. Vega d. Oberlin
*a. Artemis
68. MC #38 The Project Management ____, a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions. *a. Center b. Alliance c. Consortium d. Facility
*a. Center
46. MC #16 According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects? a. Executive support b. User involvement c. Experienced project manager d. Clear business objectives
*a. Executive support
69. MC #39 ____ tools are often recommended for small projects and single users. a. Low-end b. Midrange c. High-end d. Expensive
*a. Low-end
64. MC #34 A PMO, or Project ____ Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. a. Management b. Money c. Municipal d. Marketing
*a. Management
1. TF #1 Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.
*a. True b. False
10. TF #10 Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.
*a. True b. False
16. TF #16 The 2006 Standish Group survey showed that IT project success rates had risen from 16 percent in 1994 to 35 percent in 2006.
*a. True b. False
18. TF #18 A key finding of a 2004 study is that relationship management is viewed as a top success factor for information systems in China, while it is not mentioned in U.S. studies.
*a. True b. False
19. TF #19 Winners in project delivery know that strong program managers—referred to as project leaders—are crucial to project success.
*a. True b. False
20. TF #20 A program is "a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."
*a. True b. False
22. TF #22 The job description for a project manager can vary by industry and by organization.
*a. True b. False
23. TF #23 Project managers should possess general management knowledge and skills.
*a. True b. False
24. TF #24 Project managers must be able to make effective use of technology as it relates to the specific project.
*a. True b. False
26. TF #26 Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager.
*a. True b. False
29. TF #29 New software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive, easy to create, and available for anyone to update.
*a. True b. False
3. TF #3 One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.
*a. True b. False
30. TF #30 Many people still use basic productivity software, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, to perform many project management functions.
*a. True b. False
9. TF #9 Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to discrete scope, time, and cost goals as originally planned.
*a. True b. False
A stakeholder management strategy is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project.
*a. True b. False
All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information.
*a. True b. False
Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.
*a. True b. False
An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.
*a. True b. False
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support business objectives.
*a. True b. False
An organization should put considerable thought into project selection to ensure that it initiates the right kinds of projects for the right reasons.
*a. True b. False
An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.
*a. True b. False
As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.
*a. True b. False
COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.
*a. True b. False
DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process.
*a. True b. False
Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.
*a. True b. False
Even though many information technology projects are canceled before completion, it is still important to formally close any project and reflect on what can be learned to improve future projects.
*a. True b. False
Executing the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.
*a. True b. False
Human resource issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.
*a. True b. False
If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.
*a. True b. False
If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.
*a. True b. False
In addition to progress reports, an important tool for monitoring and controlling a project is using project management software.
*a. True b. False
Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.
*a. True b. False
Information technology is usually a support function in an organization.
*a. True b. False
Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.
*a. True b. False
It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.
*a. True b. False
Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself.
*a. True b. False
Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success.
*a. True b. False
Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly.
*a. True b. False
Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense.
*a. True b. False
Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.
*a. True b. False
Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
*a. True b. False
Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.
*a. True b. False
Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices.
*a. True b. False
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
*a. True b. False
Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.
*a. True b. False
Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
*a. True b. False
Some people might use a contract in place of a charter.
*a. True b. False
Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.
*a. True b. False
The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
*a. True b. False
The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
*a. True b. False
The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
*a. True b. False
The executing process group generally requires the most resources.
*a. True b. False
The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables.
*a. True b. False
The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.
*a. True b. False
The number of interfaces can increase exponentially as the number of people involved in a project increases.
*a. True b. False
The process of acquiring a project team falls under the Project Human Resource Management knowledge area.
*a. True b. False
The same organization can have different subcultures.
*a. True b. False
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
*a. True b. False
In the ____ phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. a. development b. implementation c. concept d. close-out
*a. development
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____. a. functional organizational structure b. project organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure d. circular organizational structure
*a. functional organizational structure
42. MC #12 Project ____ management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project. a. human resource b. risk c. communications d. procurement
*a. human resource
In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____. a. lowest; highest b. high; lowest c. lowest; lowest d. highest; highest
*a. lowest; highest
The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. a. political frame b. symbolic frame c. structural frame d. human resources frame
*a. political frame
A ____ is a collection of project phases. a. project life cycle b. project feasibility c. project planning cycle d. project acquisition
*a. project life cycle
In a ____, program managers report to the CEO. a. project organizational structure b. system organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
*a. project organizational structure
40. MC #10 Project ____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. a. scope b. quality c. time d. cost
*a. scope
The ____ focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a. structural frame b. human resources frame c. political frame d. symbolic frame
*a. structural frame
58. MC #28 In ____, Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories. a. 1897 b. 1917 c. 1927 d. 1957
*b. 1917
57. MC #27 The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in ____. a. 1936 b. 1946 c. 1956 d. 1966
*b. 1946
The term "systems approach" emerged in the ____. a. 1940s b. 1950s c. 1960s d. 1970s
*b. 1950s
62. MC #32 By the ____, the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
*b. 1970s
Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the ____. a. 1950s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s
*b. 1970s
____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a. Means-ends orientation b. Open-systems focus c. Conflict tolerance d. Risk tolerance
*b. Open-systems focus
____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a. Systems philosophy b. Systems thinking c. Systems analysis d. Systems approach
*b. Systems thinking
The ____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people. a. structural frame b. human resources frame c. political frame d. symbolic frame
*b. human resources frame
In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. development b. implementation c. concept d. close-out
*b. implementation
55. MC #25 Some people say that ____ achieve the vision of a project. a. leaders b. managers c. stakeholders d. supervisors
*b. managers
65. MC #35 Many organizations are now using enterprise or project ____ management software to help manage projects. a. path b. portfolio c. institute d. office
*b. portfolio
50. MC #20 A ____ can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project. a. project supervisor b. project manager c. job coordinator d. project coordinator
*b. project manager
Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____. a. functional organizational structure b. project organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure d. circular organizational structure
*b. project organizational structure
The ____ model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a. RAD life cycle b. prototyping life cycle c. spiral life cycle d. incremental build life cycle
*b. prototyping life cycle
52. MC #22 Achieving high performance on projects requires ____, otherwise called human relations skills. a. capital skills b. soft skills c. light skills d. hard skills
*b. soft skills
60. MC #30 During the Cold War years of the 1950s and '60s, ____ continued to be key in refining several project management techniques. a. NASA b. the military c. steel manufacturing d. marine biology
*b. the military
The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a. spiral life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. prototyping life cycle d. RAD life cycle
*b. waterfall life cycle
47. MC #17 According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, ____ percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers. a. 75 b. 80 c. 97 d. 100
*c. 97
48. MC #18 "All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization" describes the ____ best practice for project delivery. a. Use an integrated toolbox b. Grow project leaders c. Develop a streamlined project delivery process d. Measure project health using metrics
*c. Develop a streamlined project delivery process
49. MC #19 ____ project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization. a. Investment b. Active c. Enterprise d. Budget
*c. Enterprise
70. MC #40 ____ tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects. a. Low-end b. Midrange c. High-end d. Inexpensive
*c. High-end
____ is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Organizational politics b. Organizational philosophy c. Organizational culture d. Organizational structure
*c. Organizational culture
67. MC #37 Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the ____ exam is becoming a standard for project managers. a. PMI b. PM c. PMP d. PMO
*c. PMP
66. MC #36 PMI provides certification as a Project Management ____ (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination. a. Producer b. Practitioner c. Professional d. Professor
*c. Professional
The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype. a. incremental build life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. spiral life cycle
*c. RAD life cycle
43. MC #13 Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. a. risk b. procurement c. communications d. resource
*c. communications
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the ____ phase, and an overview of the work involved is created. a. implementation b. development c. concept d. close-out
*c. concept
61. MC #31 The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the ____ path. a. essential b. important c. critical d. vital
*c. critical
34. MC #4 Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross ____ or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes. a. financial b. spatial c. departmental d. technological
*c. departmental
44. MC #14 Project ____ management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas. a. cost b. quality c. integration d. time
*c. integration
54. MC #24 A(n) ____ often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals. a. manager b. leader c. programmer d. analyst
*c. leader
In a ____, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. project organizational structure b. system organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
*c. matrix organizational structure
The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a. member identity b. group emphasis c. people focus d. unit integration
*c. people focus
39. MC #9 In the example of the project of building a house, the ____ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house. a. project sponsors b. project team c. project manager d. support staff
*c. project manager
In a ____ matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. a. weak b. balanced c. strong d. functional
*c. strong
Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the ____. a. CPO b. CFO c. CEO d. CIO
*d. CIO
56. MC #26 Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the ____. a. Great Wall of China b. first space shuttle c. Egyptian pyramids d. Manhattan Project
*d. Manhattan Project
____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a. Systems philosophy b. Systems management c. Systems troubleshooting d. Systems analysis
*d. Systems analysis
59. MC #29 A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. a. pie chart b. line graph c. bar graph d. calendar
*d. calendar
A ____ is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart. a. project organizational structure b. system organizational structure c. matrix organizational structure d. functional organizational structure
*d. functional organizational structure
The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. spiral life cycle b. RAD life cycle c. waterfall life cycle d. incremental build life cycle
*d. incremental build life cycle
38. MC #8 In the example of the project of building a house, the project sponsors would be the potential ____. a. contractors b. support staff c. managers d. new homeowners
*d. new homeowners
41. MC #11 Project ____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. a. cost b. time c. scope d. quality
*d. quality
45. MC #15 What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and ____ in managing projects. a. time b. resources c. funding d. skills
*d. skills
51. MC #21 In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____. a. the difficulty of the project and the resources involved b. the difficulty of the task and the people involved c. the uniqueness of the project and the difficulty of the task d. the uniqueness of the project and the people involved
*d. the uniqueness of the project and the people involved
71. CO #1 More than ____________________ million people regard project management as their profession.
Correct Answer(s): a. 16 b. sixteen
72. CO #2 The "CHAOS" study found that more than ____________________ percent of information technology projects were canceled before completion.
Correct Answer(s): a. 31 b. thirty-one
92. CO #22 ____________________, loosely defined, is a set of principles that guide our decision making based on personal values of what is "right" and "wrong."
Correct Answer(s): a. Ethics
____________________ the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.
Correct Answer(s): a. Executing
88. CO #18 A(n) ____________________ chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information.
Correct Answer(s): a. Gantt
347. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #14 You can use the ____________________ function in Excel to determine the IRR quickly.
Correct Answer(s): a. Goal Seek
95. CO #25 ____________________ tools are generally licensed on a per-user basis.
Correct Answer(s): a. High-end
A major element of good practice concerns ____________________, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.
Correct Answer(s): a. IT governance
358. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #25 _________________________ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.
Correct Answer(s): a. Integrated change control
91. CO #21 Because there are so many people working on projects in various industries, PMI has created Specific ____________________ (SIGs) that enable members to share ideas about project management in their particular application areas, such as information systems.
Correct Answer(s): a. Interest Groups
336. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #3 ____________________ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.
Correct Answer(s): a. Interface management
94. CO #24 ____________________ is still the most widely used project management software today in the midrange tools category.
Correct Answer(s): a. Microsoft Project
93. CO #23 ____________________ tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.
Correct Answer(s): a. Midrange
355. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #22 ____________________ project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.
Correct Answer(s): a. Monitoring
____________________ and controlling is the process of measuring progress toward project objectives, monitoring deviation from the plan, and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan.
Correct Answer(s): a. Monitoring
342. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #9 ____________________ are chances to improve the organization.
Correct Answer(s): a. Opportunities
351. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #18 ______________________________ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project's success.
Correct Answer(s): a. Organizational process assets
90. CO #20 The ___________________________________, an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969, has continued to attract and retain members, reporting 277,221 members worldwide by August 31, 2008.
Correct Answer(s): a. PMI b. Project Management Institute c. Project Management Institute (PMI)
____________________ is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management.
Correct Answer(s): a. Planning
341. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #8 ____________________ are undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.
Correct Answer(s): a. Problems
______________________________ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project's life cycle.
Correct Answer(s): a. Project integration management
79. CO #9 ____________________ is "the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements."
Correct Answer(s): a. Project management
___________________________________ progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.
Correct Answer(s): a. Project management process groups
84. CO #14 ______________________________ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise's success.
Correct Answer(s): a. Project portfolio management b. Portfolio management
346. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #13 ______________________________ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.
Correct Answer(s): a. ROI b. Return on investment c. Return on investment (ROI)
75. CO #5 ____________________ include people, hardware, software, or other assets.
Correct Answer(s): a. Resources
A(n) ________________________________________ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems.
Correct Answer(s): a. SDLC b. systems development life cycle c. systems development life cycle (SDLC)
353. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #20 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1058-1998 describes the contents of a(n) ________________________________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. SPMP b. Software Project Management Plan c. Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)
85. CO #15 ____________________ skills include effective communication, influencing the organization to get things done, leadership, motivation, negotiation, conflict management, and problem solving.
Correct Answer(s): a. Soft
____________________ are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.
Correct Answer(s): a. Stakeholders
____________________ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.
Correct Answer(s): a. Systems
____________________ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system.
Correct Answer(s): a. Systems management
352. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #19 A project manager usually organizes the project work into several work packages using a(n) ______________________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. WBS b. work breakdown structure c. work breakdown structure (WBS)
The ______________________________ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.
Correct Answer(s): a. WBS b. work breakdown structure c. work breakdown structure (WBS)
357. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #24 A(n) preventive ____________________ might be modifying a time-tracking system screen to avoid common errors people made in the past.
Correct Answer(s): a. action
The term ______________________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.
Correct Answer(s): a. agile software development
356. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #23 A(n) ____________________ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.
Correct Answer(s): a. baseline
Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) ____________________ who acts as a key proponent for a project.
Correct Answer(s): a. champion
In the ____________________ phase, there should be some sort of customer acceptance of the entire project.
Correct Answer(s): a. close-out b. closeout
Experienced project managers know it is often best to balance the degree of ____________________ to get good project results.
Correct Answer(s): a. control
The ideal outcome of the monitoring and ____________________ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.
Correct Answer(s): a. controlling
77. CO #7 The question, "What is the project's budget?" is related to the project's ____________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. cost
344. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #11 A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the ____________________, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.
Correct Answer(s): a. cost of capital
A(n) ____________________ is a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
Correct Answer(s): a. deliverable
345. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #12 A(n) ____________________ is the rate used in discounting future cash flow.
Correct Answer(s): a. discount rate
350. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #17 Enterprise _________________________ include relevant government or industry standards, the organization's infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.
Correct Answer(s): a. environmental factors
A(n) ______________________________ is a group of senior executives from various parts of the organization, who regularly review important corporate projects and issues.
Correct Answer(s): a. executive steering committee
354. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #21 Project managers should not hesitate to consult ____________________ on different topics, such as what methodology to follow, what programming language to use, what training approach to follow, and so on.
Correct Answer(s): a. experts
In a(n) ____________________ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.
Correct Answer(s): a. functional
Three general classifications of organizational structures are ____________________, project, and matrix.
Correct Answer(s): a. functional
The main purpose of project plans is to ____________________ project execution.
Correct Answer(s): a. guide
To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take a(n) ____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.
Correct Answer(s): a. holistic
Developing a(n) ____________________ to share its project management knowledge could help a company reduce internal costs by working more effectively.
Correct Answer(s): a. intranet
Management reviews, called phase exits or ____________________, are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated.
Correct Answer(s): a. kill points
80. CO #10 Project management ____________________ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.
Correct Answer(s): a. knowledge areas
87. CO #17 Some people say that, "Managers do things right, and ____________________ do the right things."
Correct Answer(s): a. leaders
A(n) ____________________ describes how things should be done.
Correct Answer(s): a. methodology
83. CO #13 Companies that excel in project delivery use performance ____________________ to quantify progress.
Correct Answer(s): a. metrics
340. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #7 Many organizations rely on effective _________________________ (NPD) to increase growth and profitability.
Correct Answer(s): a. new product development
74. CO #4 The term "____________________" refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.
Correct Answer(s): a. operations
338. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #5 The last step in the ____________________ process for selecting information technology projects is choosing which projects to do and assigning resources for working on them.
Correct Answer(s): a. planning
Many of the project management processes occur as part of the ____________________ process group.
Correct Answer(s): a. planning
349. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #16 With a(n) ____________________, you can simply add all the points to determine the best projects for selection, without having to multiply weights and scores and sum the results.
Correct Answer(s): a. point model
343. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #10 Even though many information technology projects can be completed quickly, it is still important to ____________________ them.
Correct Answer(s): a. prioritize
A(n) ____________________ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
Correct Answer(s): a. process
Each of the five project management ____________________ is characterized by the completion of certain tasks.
Correct Answer(s): a. process groups
Understanding the ____________________ is just as important to good project management as understanding the phases of the traditional project life cycle.
Correct Answer(s): a. product life cycle
73. CO #3 A(n) ____________________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Correct Answer(s): a. project
337. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #4 Project initiation starts with identifying potential projects, using realistic methods to select which projects to work on, and then formalizing their initiation by issuing some sort of ____________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. project charter
The process of information distribution falls under the ___________________________________ knowledge area.
Correct Answer(s): a. project communications b. project communications management
335. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #2 Good ____________________ management is critical to providing stakeholder satisfaction.
Correct Answer(s): a. project integration
The ____________________ plan coordinates and encompasses information from all other plans.
Correct Answer(s): a. project management
Ideally, the ____________________ would be involved in initiating a project, but often the project manager is selected after many initiation decisions have already been made.
Correct Answer(s): a. project manager
78. CO #8 The ____________________ of project management includes quality along with scope, time, and cost.
Correct Answer(s): a. quadruple constraint
A(n) ____________________ is the output of risk identification planning.
Correct Answer(s): a. risk register
76. CO #6 The question, "What unique product or service does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?" is related to the ____________________ of the project.
Correct Answer(s): a. scope
86. CO #16 One reason project managers need good ____________________ skills is that to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders' needs and expectations, they need to lead, communicate, negotiate, solve problems, and influence the organization at large.
Correct Answer(s): a. soft
89. CO #19 As computer hardware became smaller and more affordable and ____________________ included graphical and easy to use interfaces, project management software became less expensive and more widely used.
Correct Answer(s): a. software
A(n) ___________________________________ includes basic information such as stakeholder names, level of interest in the project, level of influence on the project, and potential management strategies for gaining support or reducing obstacles from that particular stakeholder.
Correct Answer(s): a. stakeholder management strategy
339. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #6 Many information systems are classified as "____________________" because they directly support key business strategies.
Correct Answer(s): a. strategic
The ____________________ is usually depicted in an organizational chart.
Correct Answer(s): a. structural frame
The ____________________ focuses on symbols and meanings.
Correct Answer(s): a. symbolic frame
When project managers use a(n) ____________________, they are better able to make decisions that address the needs of the entire organization.
Correct Answer(s): a. systems approach
A(n) ____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.
Correct Answer(s): a. systems philosophy
81. CO #11 Project management tools and ____________________ assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all nine knowledge areas.
Correct Answer(s): a. techniques
The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and ____________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. technology
82. CO #12 Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements are examples of tools and techniques for ____________________.
Correct Answer(s): a. time management
348. Chapter 4: Project Integration Management Question CO #15 A(n) _________________________ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.
Correct Answer(s): a. weighted scoring model
____ tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT systems and resources is impacting end-to-end business process performance in real time. a. BSM b. CCB c. CCA d. BSC
a. BSM
____ should result in improvements in project performance. a. Corrective actions b. Corrective reports c. Preventive actions d. Proactive methods
a. Corrective actions
____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project. a. Developing the project charter b. Developing the preliminary project scope statement c. Developing the project management plan d. Directing and managing project execution
a. Developing the project charter
____ the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. a. Executing b. Initiating c. Starting d. Coordinating
a. Executing
____ include defining and authorizing a project or project phase. a. Initiating processes b. Planning processes c. Executing processes d. Monitoring and controlling processes
a. Initiating processes
____ provide information on how project execution is going. a. Performance reports b. Change requests c. Deliverables d. Contracts
a. Performance reports
In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints. a. Project Planning b. Business Area Analysis c. Resource Allocation d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
a. Project Planning
____ should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue. a. Strategic planning b. Project managers c. Successful past projects d. Employee abilities
a. Strategic planning
11. TF #11 Some people refer to the "double constraint" of project management to include quality and customer satisfaction.
a. True *b. False
12. TF #12 In the example of building a new house, the support staff would provide the wood, windows, flooring materials, appliances, and so on.
a. True *b. False
13. TF #13 Stakeholders' needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.
a. True *b. False
14. TF #14 There are six core knowledge areas of project management.
a. True *b. False
15. TF #15 Follow-up studies done by the Standish Group showed that the number of failed projects has more than doubled in the past decade.
a. True *b. False
17. TF #17 Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.
a. True *b. False
2. TF #2 A research report showed that the U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to 40 percent of the nation's gross domestic product.
a. True *b. False
21. TF #21 Program managers are not responsible for coordinating the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff.
a. True *b. False
25. TF #25 Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.
a. True *b. False
27. TF #27 Today's project managers still draw Gantt charts by hand.
a. True *b. False
28. TF #28 Determining the relationships among tasks is not essential in helping to improve project scheduling.
a. True *b. False
4. TF #4 A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.
a. True *b. False
5. TF #5 Projects are often defined narrowly when they begin.
a. True *b. False
6. TF #6 Projects rarely involve uncertainty.
a. True *b. False
7. TF #7 Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.
a. True *b. False
8. TF #8 Questions about how long a project's schedule should be are related to the issue of the project's scope.
a. True *b. False
A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work.
a. True *b. False
A milestone list is an output list associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
a. True *b. False
A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.
a. True *b. False
A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project plan.
a. True *b. False
According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.
a. True *b. False
An organization's information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.
a. True *b. False
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.
a. True *b. False
Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.
a. True *b. False
Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.
a. True *b. False
Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.
a. True *b. False
Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.
a. True *b. False
External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.
a. True *b. False
Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.
a. True *b. False
If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.
a. True *b. False
In the long-term view, it is better to have a huge success on an unimportant project than to have a moderate success on an important project.
a. True *b. False
Information systems must support the firm's business goals, such as developing its own intranet site applications.
a. True *b. False
Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.
a. True *b. False
Initiating processes are not required to end a project.
a. True *b. False
It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project after it officially starts.
a. True *b. False
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.
a. True *b. False
Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.
a. True *b. False
Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.
a. True *b. False
Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.
a. True *b. False
Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing.
a. True *b. False
Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.
a. True *b. False
Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.
a. True *b. False
Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
a. True *b. False
Project integration management does not include interface management.
a. True *b. False
Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.
a. True *b. False
Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection.
a. True *b. False
Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices should spend less than 10 percent of project time in initiating and planning.
a. True *b. False
Selecting projects is considered an exact science.
a. True *b. False
Some project managers do not even write down stakeholder information because they do not consider stakeholder management as a crucial part of their jobs.
a. True *b. False
Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.
a. True *b. False
The ROI is always positive.
a. True *b. False
The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion.
a. True *b. False
The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms.
a. True *b. False
The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.
a. True *b. False
The majority of organizations develop their own internal information technology project management methodologies.
a. True *b. False
The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
a. True *b. False
The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.
a. True *b. False
The products of the project are produced during project implementation, and it usually takes the least amount of resources to accomplish this process.
a. True *b. False
When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.
a. True *b. False
Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.
a. True *b. False
You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly.
a. True *b. False
You cannot tailor RUP to include the PMBOK process groups.
a. True *b. False
One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will. a. broad organizational needs b. using a weighted scoring model c. implementing a balanced scorecard d. categorizing information technology projects
a. broad organizational needs
The first step in determining the NPV is to ____. a. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces b. determine the discount rate c. calculate the net present value d. determine the cash flow
a. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on ____, as is most of the project's budget. a. execution b. planning c. closing d. monitoring and controlling
a. execution
The ____ step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
a. first
During ____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition. a. initiating b. planning c. opening d. controlling
a. initiating
The project integration management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of developing project charters. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
a. initiating
You can determine a project's ____ by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of zero for the project. a. internal rate of return (IRR) b. required rate of return c. payback period d. return on investment (ROI)
a. internal rate of return (IRR)
A(n) ____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. a. project management plan b. statement of work c. scope statement d. contact
a. project management plan
A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders. a. stakeholder register b. stakeholder list c. stakeholder directory d. stakeholder contact list
a. stakeholder register
In the ____ information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology. a. Project Planning b. Business Area Analysis c. Resource Allocation d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
b. Business Area Analysis
A(n) ____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project. a. CCA b. CCB c. CCC d. CCD
b. CCB
____ is a planning process falling under the Project Integration Management knowledge area. a. Schedule development b. Develop project management plan c. Create WBS d. Quality planning
b. Develop project management plan
Author ____, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition. a. James Bacon b. Michael Porter c. Robert Cooper d. Carol Matlack
b. Michael Porter
____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. a. Cost of capital b. Net present value c. Cash flow d. Payback
b. Net present value
____ is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system. a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing
b. Planning
____ include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs. a. Initiating processes b. Planning processes c. Executing processes d. Monitoring and controlling processes
b. Planning processes
37. MC #7 ____ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project. a. Managers b. Stakeholders c. Directors d. Citizens
b. Stakeholders
Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process? a. Deliverables b. Work performance information c. Approved and rejected change requests d. Approved and validated defect repair
b. Work performance information
A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics. a. payback analysis b. balanced scorecard c. weighted scoring model d. net present value analysis
b. balanced scorecard
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support ____. a. financial security b. business objectives c. technological advances d. shareholders
b. business objectives
The ____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. a. ending b. closing c. developing d. completing
b. closing
Examples of ____ include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements. a. monitoring and controlling processes b. executing processes c. planning processes d. initiating processes
b. executing processes
Projects involve ____ project management process groups. a. three b. five c. eight d. ten
b. five
The ____ is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed. a. kick-off project b. kick-off meeting c. launch meeting d. launch project
b. kick-off meeting
33. MC #3 Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as ____. a. lower profit margins b. lower costs c. less internal coordination d. lower worker morale
b. lower costs
The project cost management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
b. planning
The ____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes. a. management objectives b. project controls c. risk management d. technical processes
b. project controls
There are ____ main processes involved in project integration management. a. three b. six c. ten d. fifteen
b. six
35. MC #5 The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project. a. leader b. sponsor c. manager d. director
b. sponsor
A(n) ____ is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team. a. contract b. statement of work c. project charter d. business case
b. statement of work
In the mathematical formula for determining the NPV, the variable n is ____. a. the year of the cash flow b. the last year of the cash flow c. the amount of cash flow each year d. the discount rate
b. the last year of the cash flow
36. MC #6 The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the ____. a. double bind b. triple constraint c. double constraint d. double obstacle
b. triple constraint
31. MC #1 A research report showed that the U.S. spends ____ on projects every year. a. $2.3 billion b. $23 billion c. $2.3 trillion d. $23 trillion
c. $2.3 trillion
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria's weights must total ____ percent. a. 0 b. 50 c. 100 d. 150
c. 100
32. MC #2 A research report showed that the U.S. spends the equivalent of ____ percent of the nation's gross domestic product on projects every year. a. 10 b. 20 c. 25 d. 50
c. 25
On large projects, many project managers say that ____ percent of the job is communicating and managing changes. a. 50 b. 70 c. 90 d. 100
c. 90
____ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. a. CCB b. Correction management c. Configuration management d. Product description management
c. Configuration management
____ is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area. a. Schedule development b. Develop project management plan c. Create WBS d. Quality planning
c. Create WBS
____ involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document. a. Developing the project charter b. Developing the preliminary project scope statement c. Developing the project management plan d. Directing and managing project execution
c. Developing the project management plan
____ support contributes the most to successful information technology projects. a. Stakeholder b. Team c. Executive d. User
c. Executive
____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members. a. RAP b. RIP c. RUP d. ROP
c. RUP
In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. a. Project Planning b. Business Area Analysis c. Resource Allocation d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
c. Resource Allocation
The ____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance. a. WSB b. project team analysis c. WBS d. project tool
c. WBS
The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include ____. a. a detailed budget b. key deliverables c. a detailed schedule d. project staffing
c. a detailed schedule
Projects that address ____ are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization. a. a balanced scorecard b. a weighted scoring model c. broad organizational needs d. net present value
c. broad organizational needs
The project communications management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of information distribution. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
c. executing
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities conducting procurements. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
c. executing
A ____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans. a. kick-off party b. launch meeting c. kick-off meeting d. project launch meeting
c. kick-off meeting
53. MC #23 A(n) ____ focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals. a. assistant b. programmer c. leader d. manager
c. leader
A common ____ is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track. a. executing process b. closing process c. monitoring and controlling process d. planning process
c. monitoring and controlling process
The ____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are responsible for them. a. organizational charts b. other organizational or process-related information c. project responsibilities d. management objectives
c. project responsibilities
A ____ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project. a. stakeholder management plan b. stakeholder strategy c. stakeholder management strategy d. stakeholder management list
c. stakeholder management strategy
Many people are familiar with SWOT analysis—analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats—which is used to aid in ____. a. project initiation b. project planning c. strategic planning d. strategic initiation
c. strategic planning
Research shows that ____ is the number one reason cited for why organizations invest in information technology projects. a. providing financial incentives b. supporting implicit business objectives c. supporting explicit business objectives d. keeping abreast of technological advances
c. supporting explicit business objectives
____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence. a. Opportunities b. Commands c. Problems d. Directives
d. Directives
In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas. a. Project Planning b. Business Area Analysis c. Resource Allocation d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
d. Information Technology Strategy Planning
____ is a monitoring and controlling process. a. Develop project team b. Request seller responses c. Risk response planning d. Integrated change control
d. Integrated change control
A(n) ____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed. a. integrated change control b. change request c. performance report d. change control system
d. change control system
Administrative activities are often involved in ____, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project. a. monitoring and controlling processes b. executing processes c. initiating processes d. closing processes
d. closing processes
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of administering procurements. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
d. monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
d. monitoring and controlling
The project time management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of schedule control. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling
d. monitoring and controlling
The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. a. monitoring and controlling the project work b. closing the project c. developing the project management plan d. performing integrated change control
d. performing integrated change control
Most systems analysts begin their careers as ____. a. database administrators b. CEOs c. project managers d. programmers
d. programmers
A(n) ____ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. a. balanced scorecard b. business case c. net present value analysis d. project charter
d. project charter
Quality metrics are an output of project ____. a. cost management b. scope management c. integration management d. quality management
d. quality management
The ____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. a. return on investment b. internal rate of return c. external rate of return d. required rate of return
d. required rate of return
It is good practice to focus on the ____ of meetings. a. flow b. planning c. agenda d. results
d. results
The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information. a. management objectives b. project controls c. risk management d. technical processes
d. technical processes
