CIS EXAM 3

attributes

(also called columns or fields) are the data elements associated with an entity.

entity

(also referred to as a table) stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event.

data element

(or data field) is the smallest or basic unit of information. Data elements can include a customer's name, address, email, discount rate, preferred shipping method, product name, quantity ordered, and so on.

hypothetical q's blockchain

A doctor notices that a patient is due for a certain medical procedure or test. The doctor initiates a transaction marked with the patient's unique digital identity within the individual's ______ wallet.

Machine Learning

A subset of Artificial Intelligence that users algorithms to learn iteratively from data and can find insigths without explicit programming.

Deep Learning

A subset of Machine Learnign that referst to artificial neural networks that are composed of many layers.

Which of the following are true about algorithms.

Algorithm can be implemented inside a computer (using software) or outside a computer (such as using pen and paper). An Algorithm is a method for doing something. An Algorithm is a list of steps to follow (a well defined procedure or formula) in order to solve a problem.

What is the primary difference between an entity and an attribute?

An entity (also known as a table) stores information about people, places, or events, whereas an attribute is a column or specific field of the data elements associated with an entity.

Which of the following properly characterize Analytics (select all that apply)?

Analytics can be descriptive. Analytics is diagnostic Businesses use Analytics to better understand their users and customers. Analytics combines high technology systems and methematics. Analytics can be predictive. Analytics can be prescriptive.

Which of the following are advantages of Bitcoin.

Any well-connected node in the Bitcoin blockchain can determine, with certainty, whether a transaction does or does not exist in the data set. A prohibitively high cost to attempt to rewrite or alter transaction history

Which of the following variables types can contain multiple values at the same time?(select all that apply, omit those that do not)

Array Vector List

The DISTINCT command in SQL is used to ___________.

Avoid returning duplicate data

Business Intelligence is commonly discussed using the shorthand label BI (pronounced Bee Eye). Which of the following properly characterize BI (select all that apply)?

BI is about delivering relevant and reliable information to the right people at the right time. BI is a broad field that includes Analytics, predictive modeling, text mining and many other approaches for using data. BI has a goal of achieving better business decisions.

cryptocurrency

Bitcoin uses encryption to maintain the integrity of transactions, which is why it is called a ________________.

double spend

By issuing concert tickets on the blockchain, fans can verify transfer of ownership from one digital wallet to another, rather than worrying whether the PDF (or paper) ticket they received was sold to 10 other people. This is an example of how blockchain solves the ____________ problem.

real

Can store fractions and numbers with decimal positions (such as dollar values like $10.95)

tangible benefits

Decrease response time Decreased cost Increase sales

analysis

Define any constraints associated with the system. Gathering of business requirements for the system.

redundant data

Duplicate information in a database.

development

During this phase the design documents are transformed into the actual system.

design

During this phase the project identifies the technical architecture required to support the system. During this phase various artifacts are created including: screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, and pseudocode.

Which of the following are true statements about functions in R?

Functions in R send their results (their output) to the console. Functions have to be defined before they can be used. The expressions (commands of logic) for a function are typically contained within braces {}

expert system

Include a knowledge based with accumulated experience and a set of rules for aplying the knowledge base to each particular situation.

intangible benefits

Increase goodwill Better decisions Improve morale

____________ is a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention.

Internet of Things (IoT)

boolean

Is limited to values that are either true or false (represented internally as one and zero).

integer

Is limited to whole numbers (counting numbers 1, 2, 3, ...)

Which of the following is FALSE about a computer algorithm.

It can be implemented only in the language in which it was invented Will always return a value of either TRUE or FALSE. The instructions should be ambiguous with room for subjective interpretation.

Which of these properly charcterize the AI landscape?

Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning.

generic algorithm

Mimic evolutionary precesses to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem. Mutation within a genetic algorithm involve randomly trying combinations and evaluating success (or failure) in order to learn to optimize outcomes.

Which of the following are associated with "Narrow AI".

Natural Language Processing. Performing math calculations faster than a human. Technologies that can perform specific tasks as well as or better than humans.

Which of the following database systems use SQL (select all that are true).

Oracle databse MySQL Microsoft SQL Server PostgreSQL

Which of the following are trends shaping the future of computing? (select all that apply, omit those that do not.)

People in developed countries are living longer. Time is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities. The world's population will double in the next 40 years

Integrity constraints

Rules that help ensure the quality of information (relational and business critical)

The most common SQL command is _________.

SELECT

Which of the following statements are correct about SQL (select all that are true).

SQL is a language SQL is the language of relational database management systems (RDBMS). SQL is considered "the" language for getting data out of a database and working with it.

Big Data refers to the vast volumes and types of information that companies can now collect and process using increasingly high-tech systems. Where does big data come from (select all that apply)?

Smartphones GPS devices Tablets Bank cards Sensors

Which of the following describe Data Warehouses? (select all that apply)

Supports business analysis activities and decision making tasks. Has a purpose to combine strategic information into a single repository in such a way that people who need that information can make decisions and undertake business analysis. A logical collection of information gathered from many operational databases.

Which of the following are phases of a Systems Development Life Cycle?

Testing. design planning

hypothetical q's block chain

The healthcare organizations could include organizations like the Centers for Disease Control, which tracks vaccination rates (among other statistics). As the holder of the ___________ key, the patient—and only the patient—determines who else should receive this information.

SQL databases are often optimized to minimize redundancy. This means ________________.

The same piece of information is not repeated in in multiple places in a database.

Analytics is ______________.

The use of math and statistics to derive meaning from data.

hypothetical q's proof

Then, via email, the doctor alerts both the patient and the relevant practitioner or specialist who will schedule and perform the required procedure. Upon completing the task, the relevant practitioner will assign a _____ that the procedure has been administered to the patient's blockchain wallet.

Which of these SQL commands is used to filter data?

WHERE

Database management system

What creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security?

Structured Query Language (SQL)

What is the tool that consists of lines of code (in contrast to a graphical design) for answering questions against a database?

database

What maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)?

SELECT FROM WHERE

Which of the following are common SQL commands?

Augmented Reality

___________ is usually in real-time to enhance a person's perception of reality. This can help the user obtain otherwise hidden information and enhance the person's ability to interact with the real world.

augmented reality

____________ is the viewing of the physical works with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

FIELD

a characteristic of a table

A computer instruction ________________.

a line of code. can do math calculations. is executed step by step with many other instructions.

relational database management system

allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database.

dynamic catalog

an area of a website that stores information about products in a database

Neural Network

analyze large quantitied of information to establish patterns and charceristicwd when the logic or rules are unknown.

Data models

are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures.

Condition statements _______ .

are often called "IF" statements. needs input data to test. make a determination that is either TRUE or FALSE. have a set of logic for TRUE conditions, and a different set of logic for FALSE conditions.

Relational integrity constraints

are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints. For example, a relational integrity constraint would not allow someone to create an order for a nonexistent customer, provide a markup percentage that was negative, or order zero pounds of raw materials from a supplier.

___________ is usually in real-time to enhance a person's perception of reality. This can help the user obtain otherwise hidden information and enhance the person's ability to interact with the real world.

augmented reality

examples of metadata

author, date created and date modified and file size

Which of the following is an R function to combine data elements into an array or vector?

c()

Medicine is one of the biggest beneficiaries with the development of surgery simulation. This is often used as a training aid and enables the surgeon to perform an operation on a 'virtual patient'. This is an example of :

c) Virtual Reality

data dictionary

compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model. Looking at a data model along with reviewing the data dictionary provides tremendous insight into the database's functions, purpose, and business rules.

A computer instruction is not ________________.

data

physical view of information

deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device.

business rule

defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer stating that merchandise returns are allowed w/in 10 days is an example

By issuing concert tickets on the blockchain, fans can verify transfer of ownership from one digital wallet to another, rather than worrying whether the PDF (or paper) ticket they received was sold to 10 other people. This is an example of how blockchain solves the ____________ problem.

double spend

Business-critical integrity constraints

enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.

What is a system that users computerized advisory programs to imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?

expert system

AI's modern usage traces back to the 1980s when AI was applied to ________ that allowed computers to reason by following a series of "if-then" rules - i.e., instructions to the computer that if this happens, then do that.

expert systems

logical view of information

focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs.

Everything that a computer does __________.

happens because a computer instruction told the computer what to do. is based on instructions written by a human programmer. is encoded using a binary alphabet.

DBMS use three primary data models for organizing information—

hierarchical, network, and the relational database,

dynamic information

includes data that change based on user actions

static information

includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action

Business Advantages of a Relational Database

increased flexibility, increased scalability and performance, reduced information redundancy, increased information integrity, increased information security

Identity management

is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity. Security risks are increasing as more and more databases and DBMS systems are moving to data centers run in the cloud

record

is a collection of related data elements.

primary key

is a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table.

Information integrity

is a measure of the quality of information

foreign key

is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables.

Information redundancy

is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places.

information redundancy

is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places.

content creator

is the person responsible for creating the original website content.

content editor

is the person responsible for updating and maintaining website content

Which of the following are instrumental in supporting the maturation of AI?

lots of available data more powerful computers

Which of the following is not a problem associated with dirty data?

normalized data

By giving comptuers the ability to learn we are passing the task of _______ on to comptuers.

optimization specifying which features to consider

Bitcoin is ___________; every user is allowed to connect to the network, send new transactions to it, verify transactions, and create new blocks.

peer to peer

According to the triple constraint principle for IT projects, when a project scope is increased, which of these will likely be affected? (Select all that apply, omit those that do not)

project resources project duration

Metadata

provides details about data. For example, metadata for an image could include its size, resolution, and date created. Metadata about a text document could contain document length, data created, author's name, and summary.

relational database model

stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

Deep learning can be ___________.

supervised and unsupervised

The vision for highly effective BI will ________________?

take messy information and turn it into a tidy and accessible grocery store.

query-by-example (QBE) tool

that helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database.

data latency

the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved

Companies use data mining for the following. (Select all that apply, omit those that do not)

to compile a complete picture of their operations identify trends improve forecasts

KEY

uniquely identifies a given record in a table

loop can be executed how many times?

unlimited

A three dimensional aircraft can be designed which allows the designer to test their prototype without having to create several physical versions - which are time consuming and costly. It is cheaper and easier to make changes to the simulation rather than having to design and build a new aircraft. This is an example of :

virtual reality