CIS240 Bank
7
The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular restaurant. Approximately what was the highest tip received at lunch time?
storyboard
The following visualizations are an example of a __________. (sticky notes)
single screen
A data dashboard should present all KPIs related to some aspect of the organization's operations on a __________.
data dashboard
A data visualization tool that gives multiple outputs and may update in real time is referred to as a __________.
PivotChart
An interactive Excel chart that allows the user to interact with the data by applying filters to select various aspects of the data is referred to as a __________.
the user wants to drill down and filter the data
An interactive data dashboard is appropriate when __________.
several outliers
During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot. This variable has __________.
color symbolism
The cultural meanings and significance associated with color refers to __________.
the current financial standing of the company
The data dashboard for a chief financial officer may include KPIs related to __________.
range
The difference between the minimum and maximum observation of a variable is called the __________.
slope chart
The following chart shows the change in GDP over two years for Countries A, B, C, and D. This is an example of a __________.
identify the frequency of a particular type of problem by location
his clustered bar chart represents the performance of a call center. The chart allows the IT manager to __________.
drilling down
A feature that provides the user with more specific and detailed information on a particular element, variable, or KPI is referred to as __________.
hierarchical filtering
A feature that provides the user with the capability to restrict the data displayed to a specific segment by systematically selecting values of several categories or values of variables in a nested manner is referred to as __________.
eliminating all grid lines.
Decluttering can be achieved by all of the following EXCEPT:
strip chart
If a small set of values needs to be displayed in a manner that shows the individual values, a useful visualization is a ________.
survivor bias
Studies of market performance often exclude companies that collapse and only focus on successful businesses. This can distort statistics and make success seem more probable than it truly is. This is an example of __________.
1
The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2.
More than 75%
The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue.
Sans-serif
The following letter is an example of what type of font style? (huge F with nothing fancy)
Select cells where data are contained.
What is the first step in creating a scatter chart in Excel?
It gives too much information.
What is wrong with the following chart? (graph shows 6 jobs at 2 diff comps)
Dual-axis chart
What kind of chart makes use of a secondary axis to represent one of the variables so that both variables can be shown on the same chart?
A descriptive title
What type of title should you use for a proper data story?
luminance
When adjusting the HSL in Excel, the slider identified on the right side of this screenshot controls the __________.
short-term memory
When our minds chunk, or group, similar pieces of information together and hold that information for about a minute, this is called __________.
Similarity
Which Gestalt principle states that people consider objects with characteristics such as color, shape, size, and orientation as belonging to the same group?
Scatter chart
Which chart type is most appropriate to visualize the relationship between two quantitative variables?
Hue
Which of these attributes is the base of a color?
Logos
Which of these typically refers to the logic or reasoning in the story or presentation?
Diverging color scheme
Which type of color scheme does this chart show? (heat map)
introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion
Freytag's Pyramid divides a story into what five distinct elements? (climax is never the end)
Timeline
Which Excel tool works in the same way as a slicer, but works exclusively with date fields?
interactive dashboard
A dashboard that allows users to customize the data dashboard display, effectively allowing a user to filter the data displayed, is referred to as a(n) __________.
(/Because a third dimension would not be used to display any useful information in this chart, it would only serve to decrease the data-ink ratio of the chart and make it more difficult for the audience to interpret. Even when a third dimension is used to display unique information, 3D charts are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the use of 3D charts for data visualization is generally not recommended./)
An analyst is considering turning this 2D bar chart into a 3D bar chart for added effect before her presentation. Is this a good idea? Why or why not?
spurious relationship
An apparent association between two variables that is not causal, but is coincidental or caused by the third (lurking) variable, is a __________.
stretching the axes
An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________.
PivoTable
An interactive Excel crosstabulation that allows the user to interact with the data by applying filters to select various aspects of the data is referred to as a __________.
=B2*C6/C2
Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D2.
a median greater than 30
During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot. This variable has __________.
selection bias
If a polling firm attempts to contact potential voters using only landline phone numbers, then the resulting sample is likely to be biased in terms of the age of respondents since older people are much more likely to have landline phones in their homes. This is an example of __________.
Human resources organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of number of employees, employee performance, and participation in training. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Manufacturing organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of quantity produced, quality of units produced, and rate of production. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
77
In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the mode?
HSL
In addition to RGB (red, green, blue), what other color model is available in Excel to customize color options
difficult for audiences to interpret
In most cases, dual-axis charts are __________.
relative to the population of the region
In most cases, when creating choropleth maps, it is best to use a value __________.
serves no useful purpose in conveying the data to the audience
Non-data-ink is the ink used that __________.
the limitations in the data
Not only should you be able to explain what the data mean to the audience, but you should also be able to explain __________.
1998 baby!
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot. Which year had the smallest interquartile range (IQR) of monthly gasoline prices?
higher the correlation
The closer the points on a scatter chart fall to the trendline, the __________ between the variables.
quantitative variable in which the magnitudes of value need to be expressed
The color scheme shown here would be an appropriate choice for a __________. (colors fading like how jesus fades everything to white)
our audience
The first goal in effective storytelling is to ensure we understand __________.
Program and Plan
The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course.
Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle
The following chart depicts __________. (ethos logos pathos)
Strip chart
The following chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by which meal is served at a particular restaurant. What type of chart is used to display these data?
dot matrix chart
The following chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. This is an example of a _________.
cartogram
The following chart is an example of a __________. (states all the same square size)
color psychology; color symbolism
The instinctive relationships between color and human behavior refers to ____________, and learned relationships between color and human behavior refers to __________.
temporal frequency
The rate at which time series data are displayed in a chart refers to __________.
complementary colors
The two colors indicated on this color wheel are ___________. (green and red, directly opposing each other on the wheel)
color
To draw the audience's attention to NYC, the following chart uses the preattentive attribute of __________.
message
Understanding data well enough to communicate the insights clearly and succinctly best describes knowing your __________
minimizing the eye travel
We can minimize cognitive load required by the audience by __________.
0.86
What is the arithmetic mean (rounded to two decimal places) in the following table on the variable score? Student ID Score R304110 0.98 R304003 0.88 R102234 0.65 R209939 0.92
Symmetrical
What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram? (peaks in middle)
Skewed left
What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram? (relative frequency increasing in height to the right)
selection bias
When a sample that does not represent the population is chosen, Simpson's paradox is also a form of __________.
a distinct color for each of its unique groups
When the groups of the categorical variable have no inherent ascending or descending order, the variable is well suited for representation by __________.
tall data
When the number of records (rows) is large, the data are referred to as ____________.
wide data
When the number of variables (columns) is large, the data are referred to as ____________.
Proximity
Which Gestalt principle is being applied in the following chart? (dots in groups but nothing else)
Enclosure
Which Gestalt principle states that objects that are physically enclosed together are seen as belonging to the same group?
Current level of inventory
Which of the following is an example of a key performance indicator?
Using the Gestalt principles in visualization creation
Which of the following is not a common mistake in data dashboard design?
Using 2D when 3D could be used
Which of the following is not a common mistake in data visualization design?
Forecasted sales
Which of the following is not an example of a key performance indicator?
It is when the audience can start to anticipate how the story will reach its conclusion during the falling action.
Which of the following statements describes the element of falling action in Freytag's Pyramid?
Conditional Formatting
Which of these Excel tools can help identify missing data?
Price index
Which of these is measured by tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services?
Reusing the same color scheme for multiple charts
Which of these is not a common color usage mistake in data visualization?
Labeled axis scales
Which of these is not a poor graphing technique?
2D graphs
Which of these is not considered a deceptive graphical technique?
Saturation
Which of these is the amount of gray in a color and determines the intensity or purity of the hue in the color?
Use of too many attributes
Which of these is the most likely reason the following chart is not particularly useful? (chart using color and shape)
Using nonzero origin
Which of these is the most serious deceptive graphical technique?
Adding gridlines
Which of these options would decrease the data-ink ratio of this chart?
Orientation
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader's attention? (all lines vertical with 1 horizontal)
Warm hues
Which type of hue evokes energy, passion, and danger?
increase the data-ink ratio
Decluttering can be achieved by removing gridlines, which are unnecessary and thus their removal would__________.
=B5*C6/C5
Determine the formula being used to calculate the inflation-adjusted price in cell D5.
pie chart
Due to the difficulty most people have in estimating relative differences in two-dimensional size, it is generally not recommended to use a __________.
right skewed
During exploratory data analysis of the single variable, Age of Best Actress Award Winners, the analysts created the following box plot. The distribution of this variable is __________.
(/All of the information the company wants to consider is shown in the chart: the number of billable hours for each consultant (on the vertical axis), the length of time at the company (on the horizontal axis), the consultant's job title (indicated by the color of the marker in the chart), and the highest degree attained by the consultant (indicated by the shape of the marker in the chart). This figure uses several preattentive attributes, including spatial positioning, shape, and color. However, because many different preattentive attributes are used, this chart is difficult for an audience to process. It requires the audience to scan back and forth between the markers in the chart, the legends, and the vertical and horizontal axes. Therefore, this is probably not a particularly useful chart./)
Explain why the following chart is not particularly useful. (lotsa data shown with color and shape)
Excessive color
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (shit ton of dots on scatter chart of every color under the sun)
Histogram
Which of the following graphical tools is used with quantitative data?
Outliers should only be removed after careful consideration of their cause and on their effect on the insights drawn from the data.
Which of these statements is true of outliers?
1
Which numerical value would the function =COUNTBLANK(B2:B8) return in this abstract data set in Excel?
Histogram
Which of the following divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency for each class?
Chart A is misleading because the y-axis does not start at zero.
Which of the following statements about Charts A and B is true? (days of freezing temps. chart A starts at 81, chart B at 0)
visual perception
The process through which our brains interpret the reflections of light that enter our eyes is known as ________.
pathos; emotional
Using a representative protagonist to which the audience can relate is an example of using _______ because it strengthens the _______ attachment with the audience.
30.5%
Using the following table, what is the percent of the relative frequency of a silver car being observed? Car Color Frequency Relative Frequency Black 251 0.261 Red 198 0.206 Blue 220 0.229 Silver 293 0.305
Skewed right
What would be the approximate shape of the following histogram? (decreases to right - just like life)
Color
Which preattentive attribute is used to differentiate Group 4 from the other groups?
Connection
Which Gestalt principle states that people interpret objects that are connected in some way as belonging to the same group?
noninteractive dashboard
A dashboard that does not allow users to customize the data dashboard display is referred to as a(n) __________.
dynamic dashboard
A dashboard that provides information on an organization's KPIs and regularly receives and incorporates new and revised data and incorporates these data is referred to as a __________.
static dashboard
A dashboard that provides information on an organization's KPIs that may periodically be updated manually as new data and information are collected is referred to as a __________.
wide data
A data set of five employees recording their gender, age, college education, beginning salary, address, and years with the company is an example of ____________.
Donor organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of campaign status, cash flow, and contributions. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Law enforcement organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of number of arrests and number of police reports. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
x increases, y decreases
In a negative relationship, __________.
as x increases, y increases
In a positive relationship, __________.
saturation or luminance of a single hue
In a sequential color scheme, to create a gradient that represents the relative value of the variable, use the relative degree of __________.
72. lil timmy tim could never
In a statistics class, the following 10 scores were randomly selected: 74, 73, 77, 77, 71, 68, 65, 77, 67, 66. What is the median?
58.5
Quality control is an important issue at a manufacturing company, which manufactures Product Z. To test the lifetime of Product Z, the company randomly sampled nine products and measured how many days they lasted (mean = 346.6).378, 361, 350, 375, 200, 391, 375, 368, 321 What is the standard deviation?
Line chart
Sam needs to display data over time. Which of the following charts should he use?
low comfort with analytics
Simple charts that can be easily explained and highlight a single insight should be used for audiences that have __________.
disappears or reverses
Simpson's paradox occurs when a specific trend that appears in subsets of data ____________when the subsets are aggregated.
storytelling
The ability to build a narrative from the data that is meaningful for the audience, is memorable for the audience, and is likely to influence the audience refers to __________.
0
The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2. How many missing x2 observations are there?
dot matrix chart
The best way to display information such as unemployment data over time is to use a
cool hues
The colors used in this chart are _________. (dark and light green)
warm hues
The colors used in this map are _________. (yellow/red globe)
Cannot be determined
The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course. How many total students were in the College of Musical Arts program?
105
The following Excel data dashboard displays the grade distribution for a college course. How many total students were in the class?
10
The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular restaurant. Approximately what was the highest tip received at dinner time?
Dinner
The following strip chart displays individual tips a server receives categorized by meal time at a particular restaurant. What meal time had higher variability?
179.5
The following table contains data for the variable x and has one missing value completely at random. Rather than discarding the observations, estimate the missing value using the mean. x 248 124 150 196 —
11.33
The following table shows data for products sold based on their time. Calculate the moving average with m = 3 for Period 5. Time Period Products Sold 132539 420512
Heat map
The following table shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years. Which chart would be suitable for gaining insight on the months and years that had the highest average distance traveled?
inflation
The general increase in prices over time that is measured by tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services refers to _________.
decisions
The goal of all analytical methods is to influence the audience in a way that facilitates better __________.
red with 100% luminance
The white color shown here could be described as __________.
real values
Values that have been adjusted for inflation are called _________
sample
We collect data from a subset of the population known as a __________.
Preattentive attributes
What can be used in a data visualization to tell a story about the data?
Outlier
What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? (dot at beginning chart)
3rd quartile
What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? (farthest end of box)
25th percentile
What does the red arrow indicate in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? (first line of box)
Biased data
What exists when the sample data are not representative of the population data that are under study?
Sans-serif
What font type is being used in the following chart? (crime rate chart)
Big associated number
What is a number associated with the visualization that is displayed in very large font?
Median
What is indicated by the red arrow in the following box plot displaying the distribution of exam scores? (middle line)
=COUNTBLANK(A2:A8)
What is the appropriate formula to determine the number of missing values of x in this abstract data set in Excel?
Luminance
Which color attribute is illustrated here? (dark blue dot, blue dot, light blue dot)
Hue
Which color attribute is illustrated here? (one red dot, one blue dot, one yellow dot)
HSL
Which color system is being used in Excel to edit the color in this screenshot?
Excessive color
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (all states r displayed with diff color - gives u a migraine just looking at it)
Unnecessary color
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (all states using color)
Insufficient contrast
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (dark and light blue)
Insufficient contrast
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (dark orange + light orange)
0
Which numerical value would the function =COUNTBLANK(A2:A8) return in this abstract data set in Excel?
Bar chart
Which of the following charts would not be used in exploratory data analysis for a quantitative variable?
Creating a data dashboard that is too cluttered
Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design?
range
A measure of variation, that is based on the two extreme values and may reflect an extreme measurement that is not entirely representative of the data set's variation, is easy to understand and compute through the sample __________.
seasonality
A pattern in time series data that recurs periodically over a regular time interval refers to __________.
51.9
Determine the price index for the year 2015 based on the information given in the following table. (am lazy - for whatever chart says product Z)
Marketing organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of quantity sold, quality delivered, and prices of current products. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Technical support organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of time to resolution, downtime, and scheduled maintenance. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Education organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying the KPIs of number of students enrolled and student test scores. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Data Validation tool
In Excel, to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting the ability to create data errors from manual entries, you can use the __________.
the level of analytical comfort in our audience
In addition to understanding an audience's needs, another primary goal in effective storytelling is to ensure we understand __________.
appeal to the pathos of the audience
Including a photo in this chart is an effective way to __________. (# of children adopted with cute pic of child hand with grown hand)
2000-2001
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot. Which two consecutive years saw the least amount of change in monthly gasoline prices?
Right skewed
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plots. What is the shape of the distribution of gasoline prices in 2001?
slope chart
The change over time of a single variable for multiple entities by connecting pairs of data points for each entity refers to a __________.
Freytag's Pyramid
The following chart depicts __________. (intro, rising action, climax, falling action, conclusion)
strip chart
The following chart is an example of a __________. (hot hot hot! temperature)
an audience with low comfort with analytics
The following chart would be best suited for ________. (bar chart with patient satisfaction scores at general hospital)
trellis display
The following charts comparing multiple distributions of a data set are an example of a __________. (seattle grace, seattle mercy west, then mcsteamy hospital)
173.0
The following table contains data for the variable x and has one missing value completely at random. Rather than discarding the observations, estimate the missing value using the median. x 248 124 150 196 —
Low-tech
The following visualizations are an example of what type of storyboard creation method? (sticky notes)
bar chart; histogram
The frequency of each class with categorical data is displayed by a _____________, and the frequency of each class with quantitative data is displayed by a __________.
middle 50% of the distribution of the variable's values
The interquartile range is IQR = Q3 − Q1. Thus, it can be thought of as the__________.
bar charts and column charts
The two types of charts that are helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables are __________.
22.9%
Using the following table, what is the percent of the relative frequency of a blue car being observed? Car Color Frequency Relative Frequency Black 251 0.261 Red 198 0.206 Blue 220 0.229 Silver 293 0.305
=COUNTBLANK(B2:B8)
What is the appropriate formula to determine the number of missing values of y in this abstract data set in Excel?
Sequential color scheme
When the values of a variable can be arranged in ascending or descending order, which of these should be used?
Enclosure
Which Gestalt principle is being applied in the following chart? (customer scatter chart with dots having boxes around them)
Unnecessary color
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (percent of voter turnout bar chart with lotsa color)
Chart B
Which of these charts has a higher data-ink ratio? (chart a has graph lines, chart b does not
Ethos
Which of these represents the ability to show credibility in a story to your audience?
A choropleth map represents map regions in a manner that does not necessarily correspond to land area.
Which of these statements is not true of a choropleth map?
red-green
The most common form of colorblindness is __________
Bar chart
Which chart type is most appropriate to summarize data about categories?
dashboard's end users
A dashboard design team should understand the needs of the __________.
categorical variable
A bar chart can be used in exploratory data analysis for a __________.
is easier for the audience to interpret
A chart that has a higher data-ink ratio and more white space __________.
large numerical values
A common challenge for creating empathy with data is that audiences can lose the ability to associate meaning when considering __________.
chronological order
A common mistake made by novice presenters is to present all the analysis that has been done for a project in the __________.
scatter chart
A common type of chart that makes use of the preattentive attribute of spatial positioning is a __________.
its KPIs change rapidly
A dynamic dashboard would be appropriate for an organization when __________.
a time interval widget
A feature that allows the user to specify the time period to be displayed on the dashboard is referred to as ________.
a customization tool
A feature that allows the user to tailor the dashboard to specific needs is referred to as ________.
dot matrix chart
A good way to provide a sense of scale to the audience for large numbers is to use a __________.
box and whisker chart
A graphical summary of the distribution of data developed from the quartiles of a set of values is a(n) ____________.
data do not change frequently
A noninteractive data dashboard is appropriate when the __________.
19.564
A researcher wants to calculate the width of each interval by using the approximation formula. He first created a frequency distribution with 5 bins. The minimum and maximum for the variable are −32.40 and 65.42, respectfully. Calculate the width of each interval for the researcher.
illegitimately missing data
A respondent dropping out of a study before its completion is an example of __________.
is a graph of paired x and y values
A scatter chart __________.
replace the dual-axis chart with two charts where each variable is shown on a different chart
A simple alternative to using a dual-axis chart is to __________.
storyboard
A simple visual organization of the main points of the story used to provide structure of the narrative that you intend to create for the audience is called a __________.
its KPIs change slowly
A static dashboard would be appropriate for an organization when __________.
correlation
A statistical measure of the strength of the linear relationship between variables is called __________.
All of these choices are correct.
A strategy for reducing unnecessary complexity in a dashboard is __________.
crosstabulation
A tabular summary of the statistical measure of a variable of interest with respect to two or more (typically categorical) variables is called a(n) __________.
36.5%
A total of 822 recently purchased books were randomly selected from all recent book purchases over the Internet. The following chart shows the breakdown of book types. What percentage of books in the sample were either mystery or science fiction/fantasy?
Rhetorical Triangle
A visual illustration defining the three ways (ethos, logos, and pathos) in which a story can connect to the audience is the __________.
25%
Approximately what percent of the data are contained in the purple shaded part of the following box plot? (lower box)
moves horizontally from left to right
As the value of the Hue parameter increases, the indicator _______________.
moves vertically from bottom to top
As the value of the Sat parameter increases, the indicator _______________.
width of a chart to the height of a chart
Aspect ratio is ratio of the __________.
Goal: To Show Ranking
Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal? (bar, column)
Goal: To Show Composition
Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal? (bar, stacked bar, stacked column, treemap, waterfall, funnel)
Goal: To Show a Relationship
Based on the following chart types, what is the most appropriate intended goal? (scatter, bubble, line, stock, column, bar, heat map)
May - me cry
Based on the following strip chart, which month has the lowest temperature?
deceptive design
Beginning the vertical scale of a graph at a value different from zero to make increases look more dramatic is an example of __________.
color symbolism
Blue symbolizes masculinity in Europe and North America and femininity in China, which is an example of __________
increase
By tracking the changes in the price of a standard set of products and services, an inflation in prices over time refers to a general __________.
128.75
Calculate the inflation-adjusted price for the year 2014 based on the information given in the following table.
128.87
Calculate the inflation-adjusted price for the year 2015 based on the information given in the following table.
what makes up the whole of an entity under consideration
Composition is _________.
strategic dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by executives to monitor the status of KPIs' relevant overarching organizational objectives are referred to as __________.
how items are dispersed
Distribution is _________.
univariate analysis
Examining one column of a data set and focusing on the distribution of a variable's values is called __________.
multivariate analysis
Examining two or more variables at a time to explore relationships is called __________.
determining which observations have missing values
Excel's COUNTBLANK function can help assess the quality of data by __________.
the ability to create data errors from manual entries
Excel's Data Validation tool can be used to control what a user can enter into a cell, limiting __________.
the relation can be most accurately represented by a straight line
If a relationship is linear, _________.
MCAR
If there are a relatively small number of observations with missing values, discarding the observations with missing values may be a good choice if a variable has observations for which the missing values are _________.
sans-serif; serif
In a data visualization, most experts agree that text fonts should be _______ instead of _________.
high comfort with analytics
It may be useful to use more sophisticated charts that provide additional details and insight for audiences that have __________.
MCAR
Missing a data point because a weighing scale ran out of batteries unexpectedly is an example of _________.
missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value for a variable is related to the value of some other variable(s) in the observation
Missing at random (MAR) is __________.
missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing the value for a variable is entirely random and does not depend on either the missing value or the value of any other variable in the observation
Missing completely at random (MCAR) is __________.
missing data for which the tendency for an observation to be missing a value of a variable is related to the missing value
Missing not at random (MNAR) is __________.
blue-yellow
One of the less common forms of colorblindness is __________
secondary color
Orange is an example of a ___________.
color symbolism
People associate green with envy in the United States, but yellow symbolizes envy to the French and Germans, which is an example of __________.
a slicer
PivotTables and PivotCharts can be filtered by using __________.
iconic memory
Preattentive attributes are those features that can be processed by __________.
Logos
Presenting a clear argument on how the data and the analysis being presented to help the audience make better decisions is a way to create what with your audience?
range of quantitative values along the horizontal and vertical axes in a chart
Quantitative scales refer to the __________.
create multiple dashboards of related KPIs
Rather than requiring the user to scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard, it is better to __________.
nominal values
Raw values that have not been adjusted for inflation or other important factors refers to _________.
42.0%
Recently, an advertising company called 200 people and asked them to identify the company that was in an ad running nationwide. The following results were obtained. Female Male Total Correctly recalled comp 66 50 116 Incorrectly recalled comp 44 40 84 Total 110 90 200 What percentage of those surveyed could not recall the company?
22.0%
Recently, an advertising company called 200 people and asked them to identify the company that was in an ad running nationwide. The following results were obtained. Female MaleTotalCorrectly recalled the company6650116Incorrectly recalled the company444084Total11090200 What percentage of those surveyed were female and could not recall the company?
decluttering
Removing gridlines is an example of __________.
the sample data are not representative of the population that is being studied
Survivor bias and selection bias are related because __________.
shape
The Gestalt principle of similarity is being applied to which preattentive attribute in the following chart? (bunch of dots of different colors)
Color
The Gestalt principle of similarity is being applied to which preattentive attribute in the following chart? (diff shapes same color)
be related to decisions the user makes
The KPIs displayed in the data dashboard should __________.
lower the correlation
The more spread out the points on a scatter chart are away from the trendline, the __________ between the variables.
iconic memory
The most quickly processed form of memory is __________.
white space
The portion of a data visualization that is devoid of markings is known as __________.
statistical inference
The process of collecting sample data to make estimates of or draw conclusions about one or more characteristics of a population is called __________.
decluttering
The process of increasing the data-ink ratio in charts is also known as __________.
long-term memory
The process of repetition and rehearsal, or clever use of storytelling, forms __________.
color scheme
The set of colors (hues, saturations, and luminances) that are to be used in a data visualization or a series of related data visualizations is called a(n) __________.
is where the audience is exposed to the major conflict in the story
The stage of climax in Freytag's Pyramid __________.
color psychology
The study of the innate relationships between color and human behavior is called __________.
analogous colors
The two colors circled on this color wheel are ___________. (damn pic again. red and red-orange side by side)
cool hues
These colors are examples of __________. (purple, blue, green)
warm hues
These colors are examples of __________. (red, orange, lellow)
130
This Excel stacked bar chart displays the demographics of a business analysis class. Approximately how many students are in the class? (purple chart of business analysis students)
50
This bar chart displays the demographics of a business analysis class. How many male students are in the class?
Bubble chart
Three months after the launch of five new products in the market, a consumer electronics company arrived at the following results. Products Profit (%)Market Share (%) Cost ($) A 19 18 4,500 B 28 12 3,000 C 15 25 8,750 D 22 35 6,250 E 16 10 2,500 An analyst has created a scatter chart of profit and market share variables. After reviewing it, the analyst also wants to include cost. Which type of chart should she create?
pathos
Using examples of individuals rather than just talking about aggregate statistics, using pictures in your data visualizations, and creating context for large numerical values are all efforts to appeal to the audience using __________.
19.9%
Using the following table, what is the percent frequency of a blue car being observed?
Survivor bias
What occurs when a sample data set consists of a disproportionately large number of observations corresponding to positive outcomes for a particular event?
Selection bias
What occurs when data are drawn from a sample that has not been properly randomized to represent the intended population?
Red, green, and blue (huey duey and luey colors)
What three hues cannot be mixed or formed by any combination of other hues?
Positive linear relationship
What type of relationship is being displayed on the following scatter chart? (dots going up to the right)
=COUNTBLANK
Which of these Excel formulas can help identify missing data?
During Year 7
in which year did South Sales surpass North Sales?
data cleansing
the process of ensuring data are accurate and consistent through the identification and correction of errors and missing values refers to __________.
Connection
which Gestalt principle is often applied to time-series data?
The percentages do not add up to 100.
why is this graph showing the results of a survey to determine customers' favorite products misleading?
Ethos
Clearly explaining the origin of the data used in the data visualizations and by being open about any assumptions made in the analysis and presenting alternative interpretations when necessary is a way to create what with your audience?
pathos
Connecting with the audience using emotion refers to the idea of __________.
is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience
Data-ink is the ink used that __________.
(/Most people find Design D, with the fewest gridlines, easiest to read. In this table, gridlines are used only to separate the column headings from the data and to indicate that a calculation has occurred to generate the Profits row and the Total column./)
Which of these charts has the highest data-ink ratio and why?
Chart B
Which of these charts minimizes eye travel?
Gestalt principles
Which of these has to do with how people interpret and perceive what they see?
red
Which of these hues cannot be derived from any other hues?
3D bar charts
Which of these is a poor graphing technique?
Red, green, and blue - huey duey and luey colors
All other hues are derived from which of these three hues?
0.102 my poor brain cell
At the end of their final exam, 550 students answered an additional question in which they rated their instructor's teaching effectiveness, with the following results. Students Rating of Instructor Student's Final Grade Very or Somewhat Effective Very or Somewhat Ineffective A19085B75120C2017D918F115 What proportion of the students who rated their instructor as very or somewhat effective received a C or lower in the class?
analytical dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by analysts to identify and investigate trends, predict outcomes, and discover insights in large volumes of data are referred to as __________.
operational dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by lower-level managers to monitor rapidly changing critical business conditions are referred to as __________.
tactical dashboards
Dashboards that are typically used by mid-level managers to identify and assess the organization's strengths and weaknesses in support of the development of organizational strategies are referred to as __________.
Ethos, logos, and pathos
The Rhetorical Triangle is a visual illustration defining what three ways in which a story can connect to the audience?
red with 0% luminance
The black color shown here could be described as __________.
tall data
A data set of 10,000 employees recording their gender and age is an example of ____________.
(/Because the third dimension is not used to display any useful information, it only serves to decrease the data-ink ratio of the chart and make it more difficult for the audience to interpret. Even when the third dimension is used to display unique information, 3D charts are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the use of 3D charts for data visualization is generally not recommended./)
Explain why the following three-dimensional chart is not useful in practice.
Personal fitness organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of blood pressure, distance traveled, and BMI. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
Analyze tab
To add a slicer to a PivotChart or PivotTable in Excel, access the __________.
Skewed left
A company collected the ages from a random sample of its middle managers. What would be the approximate shape of the relative frequency histogram for the following frequency distribution? Bin Interval Frequency 20 to 25 8 25 to 30 6 30 to 35 5 35 to 40 12 40 to 45 15 45 to 50 7
both a categorical variable and a quantitative variable
A frequency distribution can be created for __________.
lurking variable
A third variable associated with two variables being studied that results in a correlation between the two variables, falsely implying a causal relationship between the pair, is a(n) _________.
key performance indicator
A value a manager uses to operate and maintain their businesses effectively and efficiently is referred to as a __________.
frequency polygon
A visualization tool useful for comparing multiple distributions, particularly for quantitative variables, is a __________.
Investment organization
Imagine a data dashboard is displaying KPIs of current price, recent rate of return, and relative rate of risk of the portfolio. Which type of organization would most likely utilize this dashboard?
3424.3
Quality control is an important issue at a manufacturing company, which manufactures Product Z. To test the lifetime of Product Z, the company randomly sampled nine products and measured how many days they lasted (mean = 346.6).378, 361, 350, 375, 200, 391, 375, 368, 321What is the sample variance?
quickly and clearly convey meaning to its user
The KPIs displayed in the data dashboard should __________.
empathy
The ability to understand and share in the feelings of others refers to __________.
5
The accompanying data set contains two variables: x1 and x2. Observation x1 x2 1 0.46 4 2 0.41 1 3 0.96 4 4 0.48 2 5 0.79 3 6 0.70 2 7 0.14 3 8 blank 3 9 0.49 3 10 0.84 2 11 0.90 3 12 0.04 1 13 0.19 3 14 0.06 2 15 0.23 2 How many observations have x2 values equal to 2?
the crime rate in different neighborhoods
The data dashboard for a police chief may include KPIs related to __________.
proportion of "data-ink" to the total amount of ink used in a table or chart
The data-ink ratio measures the ___________.
variation
The difference in a variable measured over observations is called __________.
an audience with high comfort with analytics
The following chart would be best suited for ________. (idk have to pay to upload pics :( . Box and whisker showing patient satisfaction scores by surgical department at general hospital)
No, because the x-axis doesn't start at 0, the scale is misleading
The following graph makes it look as if Region A had double the sales that Region B had. Is this a valid conclusion?
changing the appearance of cells on the basis of conditions that you specify
We can use the Excel Conditional Formatting tool to help us identify any missing values by __________.
Not considering the reason the organization wants to develop a data dashboard
Which of the following is a common mistake in data dashboard design? (1st)
Slope chart
Which of the following is useful when you have two time periods or points of comparison and want to quickly show relative increases and decreases or differences across various categories between the two data points?
11.44%
A total of 822 recently purchased books were randomly selected from all recent book purchases over the Internet. The following chart shows the breakdown of book types. What percentage of books in the sample were self-help books?
pie chart
A vertical or horizontal arrangement of individual charts of the same type, size, scale, and formatting that differ only by the data they display is a __________.
create empathy with the audience
Adding an individualized photo to a chart is an effective way to __________.
0.898
At the end of their final exam, 550 students answered an additional question in which they rated their instructor's teaching effectiveness, with the following results. Students Rating of Instructor Student's Final Grade Very or Somewhat Effective Very or Somewhat Ineffective A19085B75120C2017D918F115 What proportion of the students who rated their instructor as very or somewhat effective received a B or better in the class?
Stacked column chart
Debra would like to create a graph to display the number of males and females in her class who scored an A, B, C, D, or F on the last test. Which of the following types of graph should she use?
bubble chart
In order to visualize three variables in a two-dimensional graph, we use a __________.
Figure A
In which figure does the red have a higher percentage of luminance? (A lighter, B darker)
Figure A
In which figure does the red have a higher percentage of saturation? A: red, B: like brown-red)
create empathy with your audience. hit ya in the feels
Including a photo in this chart is an effective way to __________.
red with 0% saturation
The gray color shown here could be described as __________.
2005
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plot. Which year had the highest median monthly gasoline price?
75%
The average monthly price of regular gasoline in the United States was recorded for the years 1998-2005. Each year's distribution of average monthly regular gasoline prices is shown in the following box plots. About what percentage of monthly gasoline prices in 2005 exceed all the other years' monthly gasoline prices?
categorical variable having groups with no inherent ascending or descending order
The color scheme shown here would be an appropriate choice for a __________. (rando colors)
sales by region
The data dashboard for a marketing manager may include KPIs related to __________.
potential donors
The data dashboard for a university foundation officer may include KPIs related to __________
strip chart
The following chart is an example of a __________. (horizontal dots running on invisible lines above and below one another - idk how else to describe)
the y-axis represents sales and profit margin
The following chart is an example of a dual-axis chart because __________.
the x-axis does not have equal intervals
The following chart is misleading because __________. (hotel occupancy)
nonzero origin
The following chart is misleading because of the __________.
it has dual vertical axes
The following chart may be misleading and difficult for an audience to interpret because _________.
Heat map
The following chart shows the average monthly distance traveled (in billions of miles) by vehicles on urban highways for five different years. Which type of chart is being used here to display these data?
slope chart
The following chart shows the enrollment years for different class ranks of a school in the current year and compares them to the previous year. An alternative chart to show this would be a __________.
Less than 25%
The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue. What proportion of votes was against Issue 1?
35,000
The following dot matrix chart displays the total votes cast regarding a ballot issue in a city. Blue highlighted dots indicate a vote against the issue.Approximately how many votes were there against Issue 1?
area chart; line chart
The following graph is an example of a(n) _________ and should be avoided. To convey the same information but in a simpler, less cluttered way, use a __________.
no relationship between x and y
The following scatter chart indicates __________. (buncha rando dots)
a strong negative relationship between x and y
The following scatter chart indicates __________. (dots going down to the right)
a strong positive relationship between x and y
The following scatter chart indicates __________. (dots increasing to right)
exploratory data analysis
The process of using summary statistics and visualization to gain an understanding of the data, including the identification of patterns refers to __________.
color
The property of an object that results from the way the object reflects or emits light is __________.
uncertainty in a model's predicted values of future observations
The upper and lower 95% PI regions in the following chart represent the __________.
a big associated number
To draw the audience's attention to the number of children adopted in the current year, the following chart uses __________.
Negative linear relationship
What type of relationship is represented in the following scatter chart of two numeric variables? (dots going down to the right)
Proximity
Which Gestalt principle states that people consider objects that are physically close to one another as belonging to a group?
Saturation
Which color attribute is illustrated here? (dark blue dot, blue dot, gray dot)
Neglecting colorblindness
Which common color usage mistake is illustrated in this chart? (heatmap using green and red)
Luminance
Which of these attributes measures the relative degree of black or white within a color?
Mode
Which of these is the only meaningful measure of the central location for a categorical variable?
Decreasing the temporal frequency
Which of these may reduce the variability shown in a chart, which can be misleading to the audience?
Removing the gridlines
Which of these options would increase the data-ink ratio of this chart?
pathos
Which of these refers to connecting with the audience using emotion?
It explains the obstacles that are facing the protagonist.
Which of these statements describes the rising action element of Freytag's Pyramid?
Size
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader's attention? (same colored dots of differing sizes)
Length
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to draw the reader's attention? (sticks of differing lenth)
Color
Which preattentive attribute is being used in the following chart to help the reader count the total number of 4s? (4s r purple while everything else is black)
Scatter Chart A
Which scatter chart illustrates a correlation closer to +1? (A: dots all on line, B: more scattered)
Conditional Formatting
Which tool is being used to identify the missing data in this abstract data set in Excel?
Cool hues - think virgin mary
Which type of hue is considered to be soothing, calming, and reassuring?
frequency distribution of a variable
Which values were observed and how often those values appear in the data being analyzed describes the __________.
Because some individuals suffer from colorblindness, which affects their ability to differentiate between some colors
Why might the preattentive attribute in the following chart be a poor choice? (all dots same except 1 red one)
color symbolism
Yellow is associated with success and power in many African cultures and symbolizes refinement to the Japanese, which is an example of __________.
