Cisco Network Administration - Chapter 1
the lowest metric
When a router learns that multiple paths are available to a destination network from the same routing protocol, which factor is considered by a router to choose the best path to forward a packet?
a default static route a static route to a specific network
What are two common types of static routes in routing tables?
A router connects multiple IP networks It determines the best path to send packets
What are two functions of a router?
D
What code is used in the routing table to identify routes learned through EIGRP?
It is a logical interface to the router
What is a characteristic of an IPv4 loopback interface on a Cisco IOS router?
to enable the router as an IPv6 router
What is the effect of configuring IPv6 unicast-routing command on a router?
the IP address of another router
What is the gateway of last resort?
cisco express forwarding (cef)
What is the preferred technology for switches to forward packets?
to communicate between networks
What is the primary function of a router?
It allows a router to share information about known networks with other routers.
What is the purpose of a routing protocol?
Used to configure the router
What is the purpose of the USB port on a router?
not configure correctly not activated not plugged in
What might cause a interface not to show up?
a directly connected network
What route would have the least administrative distance?
Ip addresses Layer 1 statuses
What two pieces of information are displayed in the output of the show ip interface brief command?
ARP
What type of layer 2 request is used to find information about other devices on a layer 2 network?
Routing
When a router receives a packet, it examines the destination address of the packet and looks in the ———- table to determine the best path to use to forward the packet.
destination ip address
When a router receives a packet, what information must be examined in order for the packet to be forwarded to a remote destination?
The lowest administrative distance
Which administrative distance is used before others?
gateway of last resort
Which feature on a Cisco router permits the forwarding of traffic for which there is no specific route?
The lowest
Which metric is used to determine the next hop?
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)
Which packet-forwarding method does a router use to make switching decisions when it is using a forwarding information base and an adjacency table?
terminal emulation client software
Which software is used for a network administrator to make the initial router configuration securely?
destination ip address subnet mask
Which two items are used by a host device when performing an ANDing operation to determine if a destination address is on the same local network?
bandwidth delay
Which two parameters are used by EIGRP as metrics to select the best path to reach a network?
ROM contains diagnostics executed on hardware modules. Flash memory does not lose its contents during a reboot.
Which two statements correctly describe the components of a router?
Administrative distance refers to the trustworthiness of a particular route Routes with the smallest metric to a destination indicate the best path
Which two statements correctly describe the concepts of administrative distance and metric?
Load balancing allows a router to forward packets over multiple paths to the same destination network. Unequal cost load balancing is supported by EIGRP.
Which two statements describe characteristics of load balancing?
They require manual reconfiguration to accommodate network changes They are identified in the routing table with the prefix S
Which two statements describe static routes?
global unicast
Which type of IPv6 address is similar to an IPv4 public address?
to forward network traffic to remote networks
Why are routers needed in networking?
issue with default gateway
Why might a PC not be able to ping outside its local network?
interface is off / need to do a no shut
Why would a routers interface lights all be off even though its configured and plugged in?
Ram
____________ is short for Random-Access Memory. ________________ on a Cisco router stores operational information such as routing tables and the running configuration file. ___________________________ contents are lost when the router is powered down or reloaded.
to provide a route to forward packets for which there is no route in the routing table
A network administrator configures a router by the command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 209.165.200.226. What is the purpose of this command?
The interface Fa0/0 has not been activated
A network administrator configures the interface fa0/0 on the router R1 with the command ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0. However, when the administrator issues the command show ip route, the routing table does not show the directly connected network. What is the possible cause of the problem?
NVRAM
A network administrator enters the command copy running-config startup-config. Which type of memory will the startup configuration be placed into?
Create a console password
A new junior network intern connects a laptop to an access layer switch in the wiring closet. After configuring a terminal emulation program, the intern presses the Enter key, and the S1_ATC_E2> prompt appears. What could have been done to better protect the switch?
It is the interface on R1 used to send data that is destined for 10.1.1.0/24
Consider the following routing table entry for R1: D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/2170112] via 209.165.200.226, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0 What is the significance of the Serial0/0/0?
by performing the AND operation on the destination IP address and its own subnet mask
During the process of encapsulation, how does the PC determine if the packet is destined for a host on a remote network?
true
Global-unicast addresses are used to connect to external networks
tracert / show ip route
How do you determine what direction the packets are going on a network?
IP address subnet mask default gateway
In order for packets to be sent to a remote destination, what three pieces of information must be configured on a host?
::/0
What address and prefix length is used when configuring an IPv6 default static route?
192.168.12.16
PC A is connected to switch S1, which in turn is connected to router R1. Router R1 is connected to a cloud, and the cloud is connected to Server B. At one side of the PC is a label with the following information: PC A MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-47-00 IPv4 address: 192.168.10.10At one side of the switch is a label with the following information: S1 MAC address: 00-0B-85-D0-BB-F7 IPv4 address: 192.168.11.1 At one side of the router is a label with the following information: R1 MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-86-B0 IPv4 address: 192.168.10.1 At one side of the server is a label with the following information: SERVER B MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-0A-0B IPv4 address: 192.168.12.16 Refer to the exhibit. PC A sends a request to Server B. What IPv4 address is used in the destination field in the packet as the packet leaves PC A?
remove the Ethernet header and configure a new Layer 2 Header before sending it out S0/0/0
Refer to the exhibit. If PC1 is sending a packet to PC2 and routing has been configured between the two routers, what will R1 do with the Ethernet frame header attached by PC1?
route source protocol = D (which is EIGRP) destination network = 172.16.1.0 metric = 21024000 administrative distance = 90 next hop = 172.16.0.1 route timestamp = 00:22:15 exit interface = Serial0/1/0
Refer to the exhibit. Match the description with the routing table entries. Graphic contains output of show ip route as follows: R3# show ip route D 172.16.1.0 [90/21024000] via 172.16.0.1, 00:22:15, Serial0/1/0
If the destination MAC address that corresponds to the IPv4 address is not in the ARP cache, R1 sends an ARP request
Server B is connected to switch S1, which in turn is connected to router R1. Router R1 is connected to a cloud, and the cloud is connected to PC A. At one side of the server is a label with the following information: SERVER B MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-0A-0B IPv4 address: 192.168.10.16At one side of the switch is a label with the following information: S1 MAC address: 00-0B-85-D0-BB-F7 IPv4 address: 192.168.11.1 At one side of the router is a label with the following information: R1 MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-86-B0 IPv4 address: 192.168.10.1 At one side of the PC is a label with the following information: PC A MAC address: 00-0B-85-7F-47-00 IPv4 address: 192.168.12.10 Refer to the exhibit. What does R1 use as the MAC address of the destination when constructing the frame that will go from R1 to Server B?
no shutdown
The exhibit consists of a network diagram that shows R1 with three network connections: two Ethernet segments and a WAN link. The WAN link connects R1 to a second router R2. R2 is the DCE on the WAN link. The configuration shown is as follows: R1(config)# interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config-if)# description Link to R2 R1(config-if)# ip address 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.252 R1(config-if)# exit R1(config)# Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured R1 as shown. When the administrator checks the status of the serial interface, the interface is shown as being administratively down. What additional command must be entered on the serial interface of R1 to bring the interface up?
R1 does not know a route to any remote networks The interface Fa0/1 is configured with IPv6 address 2001:db8:acad:a::12
The exhibit contains CLI output that says: R1# show ipv6 routeC 2001:DB8:ACAD:2::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L 2001:DB8:ACAD:2::54/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 C 2001:DB8:ACAD:A::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/1 L 2001:DB8:ACAD:A::12/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/1 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 R1# Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator issues the show ipv6 route command on R1. What two conclusions can be drawn from the routing table?
send the packet out the Serial0/0/0 interface
The exhibit shows the following router output: The gateway of last resort is 209.165.200.226 to network 0.0.0.0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 209.165.200.226 192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 L 192.168.10.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.11.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 L 192.168.11.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1 209.165.200.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 209.165.200.224/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 L 209.165.200.225/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 Refer to the exhibit. What will the router do with a packet that has a destination IP address of 192.168.12.227?
administrative distance
The output of the show ip route command contains the following entry: S 10.2.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2. What value is indicated by the 1 in the [1/0] portion of the output?
NVRam
______________ is non-volatile RAM. By "non-volatile", we mean that the contents of _________________ are not lost when the router is powered down or reloaded. Where RAM holds the running configuration file, _______________________ holds the startup configuration file. If _______________ is empty when the router reloads, you will be prompted to enter setup mode.
ROM (Read-Only memory)
____________________ stores the routers bootstrap startup program, operating system software, and power-on diagnostic test programs (the POST).
Flash Memory
_____________________ is generally referred to as flash The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) images are held here. ________________ is erasable and reprogrammable ROM. ______________________ content is retained by the router on power-down or reload.