CITI

Which statement best describes the role of an IRB:

A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research

If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:

A conflict of conscience

The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:

A conflict of interest committee

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?

A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.

Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between a mentor and a trainee?

A mentor who recruits trainees merely for the mentor's own career advancement.

If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as:

A personal conflict of interest.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative suggests that:

An action is morally correct if it can be universalized.

Ecocentrism is the view that:

An entire ecosystem can have moral value.

Which of the following is the general guideline that IACUCs use to evaluate the potential pain of a procedure conducted with animals?

Any procedure that causes pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals.

Which of the following is the clearest example of a macroethical issue?

Balancing risks and benefits from nanotechnology research.

Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices?

Both within and between disciplines, practices differ with regard to who should be included as an author, and in what order they should be listed.

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Confirming that data have been accurately presented in the paper.

Which one of the following is most likely to constitute an act of plagiarism?

Copying someone else's text word-for-word without using quotation marks and adding a citation at the end of the material.

Which of the following is true regarding data acquisition?

Data acquisition should follow a detailed collection plan that is set in advance.

Which justification would an IACUC most likely accept if a research team plans to withhold pain relief (analgesia) from animals during a project?

Documented evidence that the analgesic agent will interfere with the aims of the project.

The anthropocentric viewpoint implies that:

Engineers should consider how much pollution their devices create because of how human health is affected.

Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection?

Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome.

Which of the following is true regarding research misconduct?

Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:

Financial conflicts of interest

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

Michael McFarland argues that proximity is one reason why researchers have an obligation to help the public. Which of following most accurately describes what McFarland means by proximity?

Having the specialized expertise to reduce technical risks.

Which of the following is true regarding authors who seek to publish the same content in multiple papers?

If the same content s used in multiple papers, it is essential that this information be properly disclosed to journal editors and other relevant entities.

Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research?

Industry sponsors of research may seek to place restrictions on the disclosure of research results.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merit and broader impact.

What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?

It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research.

An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if:

It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the idea and its source.

What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office with respect to collaborative research?

It helps collaborative researchers to commercialize their work.

Which of the following most accurately describes technological momentum?

It is a system's inertia or resistance to change.

Which of the following most accurately describes an 2 CFR Part 200.425(2) audit?

It is an annual audit of an organization that receives over a certain threshold of federal funds each year.

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.

Which of the following most accurately describes allocability?

It refers to how direct expenses are calculated based on the benefit to the project.

Which of the following most accurately describes data lifecycle management (DLM)?

It refers to the tools and processes for handling data during a research study and after it concludes.

According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves:

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

Paraphrasing another author's paragraph by substituting one or two words in each sentence and then adding one citation to the author at the end of the paragraph:

May constitute plagiarism because the original material has not been sufficiently modified to constitute a proper paraphrase.

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?

Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct?

Plagiarism

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes how plagiarism has been defined in this module?

Plagiarism applies not only to ideas that are found in print but also those that are communicated verbally.

Which of the following is represents plagiarism?

Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.

The main way in which the organization Doctors Without Borders acts on social responsibilities is by:

Providing medical care in emergency situations.

The authors Martin and Schinzinger claim that researchers have special obligations to society primarily because:

Research and innovation can be considered potentially risky experiments that involve society.

Which statement best describes what an IRB is responsible for reviewing?

Research involving a human subject

Social responsibility is usually expressed in professional codes of ethics by stating that:

Researchers have an obligation to the public.

Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship?

Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement.

The three ethical principles discussed in the Belmont Report are:

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

Requiring industries to recycle 25% of plastics in their manufacturing process is an example of:

Risk management.

The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:

Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee.

Which entity is responsible for monitoring institutional compliance with PHS Policy?

The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)

Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report?

The Tuskegee Study

Which of the following is true regarding the use of animals in research?

The attending veterinarian must be allowed to have access to all research animals at all times.

Crystal clear theory refers to the notion that:

The financial details of a project should be explained plainly enough so that a non-expert would be able to understand them.

Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations?

The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.

Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?

The organization that receives federal funding for a project.

Closeout instructions on a sponsored project are most directly determined by:

The terms and conditions in the agreement with the sponsor.

In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by:

The type and source of funds used to support the project.

The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because:

Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process​.

According to federal research misconduct policies, what is the maximum number of consecutive words that one can use before it is classified as an instance of plagiarism?

There is no official, federal standard for the number of consecutive words that can be used.

Which of the following most accurately describes the main purpose of the OMB Circulars?

They outline the rules for the financial management of sponsored projects.

What is the primary purpose of the "3Rs" concept from Russell and Burch?

To decrease the use of animals in research and to minimize pain and distress caused by animal experiments.

Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?

To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.

Which of the following is true regarding the traditional peer review process:

Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?

Using materials from a source without proper citation.