Civil War

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the Union, issued a draft, suspended habeas corpus, and declared martial law, after antietam he came up with the emancipation proclamation and enlisted black soldiers in the union army, spoke at the gettysburg address, and was assassinated at Ford's Theater on april 15, 1865.

Anaconda Plan

Winfield Scott created this plan to snake down (blockade) the Southern Ports (supply lines on the coast), capture the capital of Richmond, then obtain control of the Mississippi River--cutting them in half & forcing them to fight on two fronts.

Manassas

aka Bull Run, Beauregard vs McDowell and the confederates won their 1st Battle. This battle occurred in Manassas, VA. Stonewall Jackson sent in reinforcements. The Union realized after this battle that this was a long total war. This victory boosted the Confederates confidence.

General "Stonewall" Jackson

brilliant Confederate general. Destroyed a majority of Union generals during his Shenandoah Campaign. Died from wound complications after the Battle of Chancellorsville-- left arm shot off.

General Robert Gould Shaw

commander of Mass. 54th Regiment

General McClellan

coward. Lincoln made him C-I-C, but removed him after he failed to finish off the retreating South at Antietam.

General Winfield Scott

created the Anaconda Plan

General Robert E. Lee

suffered from Battle of Gettysburg and surrendered at Appomattox courthouse- APRIL 9, 1865; he was asked by Lincoln to command the North, but refused; invaded Maryland during the Battle of Antietam

Habeas Corpus

the right to have a trial by jury. Constitutional Right. Suspended by Lincoln during the Maryland Riots.

Border States

were important to Lincoln because of their supplies, population, and possible support.

Mass. 54th Regiment

where the african americans became a part of the Northern army and fought.

Failure of Lincoln as a President

· Declared Martial Law in order to repress all opposing factions within the Union. This is a failure because it wasn't necessary, and Lincoln didn't have the right to do so. He overstepped the judicial and legislative branch. He defied the efforts to curve his authority. · Suspended Habeas Corpus: ordering military arrests of civilian dissenters. This is a failure because it's unconstitutional to take that right away from us. · Sent troops into battle without asking Congress for a declaration of war. This is a failure because he abused his power, foregoing checks and balances. · Increased size of army without receiving Legislative authority to do so. This is a failure because he oversteps checks and balances and extends power. · Individually proclaimed a naval blockade of the South. This is a failure because he doesn't ever discuss this with congress

Successes of Lincoln as President

· Helped preserve the Union by defeating the Confederacy. This is a success because he is achieving his goal that he set at the beginning of the war. · Strong leadership skills. This is a success because it is good to have strong leadership skills. · Emancipation Proclamation. This was a success because it freed all the slaves, even though it caused some new tensions between the North and the South. · Rallied public opinion. This is a success because this got the public more involved and got them excited about wanting to win the war. · Mobilized the war effort. This is a success because he was able to get people to join the army (like after Fort. Sumter) · Quickly and efficiently removed incompetent generals. This is a success because he was able to weed out who would be useful for the North. He knew that General Grant would help the Union win. · Understood the importance of debilitating the enemy's resources. This is a success because the skill of knowing how to take down the Confederacy helped the North win. · Complete understanding of foreign affairs. This is a success because the more you know the better, and it helped him because he knew the British didn't like slavery and the British would be on the North's side. · Gettysburg Address. This is a success because it shows us that he likes equality · Maintained his political party. He was able to stop many arguments and keep his party (republican) together.

How and why did the South lose the war?

· North separated the Confederates Army · Battle of Gettysburg the Confederacy had to run uphill so they were tired and worn out · Battle of Gettysburg is the last time the south tried to invade the north · The south had about 5.5 million that could actually fight (not a lot) · South didn't have the depth of resources that the south did (Colt 45's by Samuel Colt) · 71% of all the railroads were located up north · Waged total war, Sherman lead total war (grant gave him the idea)

How and why the North won the war?

· They waged total war and destroyed everything · Had the Anaconda Plan: 1st they wanted to block all ports, then they wanted to snake down and split the south in half and make the south fight on 2 fronts causing a cut off of communication. · Very strategic plans · Recourses · Railroads · Allow black men to fight (mass 54 regiment) · More determined · Strong leaders · Sent reinforcements (more people and supplies) · High grounds at Gettysburg · The victories that the Union did have they had very strategic victories and gained something big out of all of it · They had 22 million people fighting as opposed to the South's 5.5 million

Emancipation Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln wrote this after the Union won the Battle of Antietam because Lincoln needed confidence in order to address it. The speech said that if the rebelling states did not come back to the Union then all of the slaves in their land would be free. This speech did not free the slaves but it did let the world know that the Union's objective was to abolish slavery.

Appomattox Court House

April 9th, Lee surrendered to Grant and the Union officially won the war. Union treated enemy with respect and allowed Lee's men to return home to their families with their horses and food. Grant also did not charge any of the soldiers with treason. The way Grant was nice to the soldiers and let them go home would lessen the tension between the North and the South.

General Beauregard

Confederate General at the Battle of Bull Run. Won the battle with the help of "Stonewall" Jackson who brought reinforcements. He would not let the North break his lines which helped the South win.

Battle of Chancellorsville

Confederate Victory, but....Stonewall Jackson died here.

Fort Sumter

Confederate victory, Beauregard attacked Lincoln's fort before he could resupply it, after this thousands of northerners began to join the Union army. It was located in South Carolina, but belonged to the federal army

Election of 1864

Democrat George McClellan vs Republican Abe Lincoln. McClellan argued that the war had gone on long enough and that the South should be able to secede in order to save America(meaning that slavery would not be abolished). Lincoln argued that the war must be won, the slaves freed, and that the Union must preserve all of their costs.

Strengths of the South

Excellent general officers South has 2500 miles of coastline Leaders in Britain and France sympathize for south They have skills that make them amazing soldiers The soldiers are convinced rightness of the confederate cause Trained in military strategy They are fighting for independence

How was General Grant "kind" to General Lee at the surrender at Appomattox?

General Grant let the Confederate army men go home with all of their belongings. He let them keep their horses, and gave them food. He also never charged them with treason. He did this because he didn't want the confederacy to join back into the union hating the northerners and he didn't want any more tension than there already would have been.

How did Lincoln go around the restriction to ban slavery?

He couldn't ban it so he said that if the north goes down and defeats the confederate states we can take their property and free them. If we beat you we can obtain your property. Slaves were considered property.

Battle of Antietam

Lee invades Maryland, bloodiest battle in history...Union strategic victory and Lincoln received confidence to address Proclamation

Foreign Policy

Lincoln issues emancipation proclamation knowing that the British would not side with the south because the British was against slavery

Merrick v Monitor

March 9th 1862, off coast of Virginia, this was the official end of wooden vessels, the Confederacy technically won, the north ended up surrendering.

Strengths of the North

Most banks, factories and ships are in the North Population is 2x larger than the South's They have more railroads than the south has A very large and strong Navy More states are with the union than the confederacy Has government institutions that have been tried and tested over the years More industries Has more money

Weaknesses of the North

Parts of the union disagree about their views on slavery

Sherman's March to the Sea

Sherman was mad and he was completely over it. so he marched to the sea from Atlanta to Savannah completely destroying everything in his path. He waged total war and destroyed everything that could be helpful to the south in winning the war. He helped General Grant wipe out General Lee. The goal was to demoralize the south enough so that they would no longer want to fight.

Weaknesses of the South

Slaves are not counted in their population and they could not be relied upon to fight Supply routes lie near the border with North Economic health depends on cotton trade with Europe

Battle of Shiloh

South surprises Grant with an attack. They were beating the North until the North sent in Union reinforcements and troops leading to a Union victory

Shenandoah Valley Campaign

Stonewall Jackson beat out 5 Union generals because of his knowing of the land. Confederate victory.

How the North and South named battles?

The North named their battles after rivers and streams (Bull Run). The South named their battles after nearby communities, towns, and railroads (Manassas).

Total War

The act of destroying everything in your path, leaving absolutely nothing behind.

Battle at Vicksburg

Union victory and gained complete control of Mississippi River (Tide Turns in favor of the Union)

General Ulysses S. Grant

named commander in chief of the Union army. Lincoln <3's Grant. Experienced and helped win a victory at the Battle of Shiloh.

Copperheads

northern democrats who wanted peace with the south (also called dissenters)

Why battles happened in certain places?

Road networks Railroad networks Importance of the area ex: Richmond, VA and Washington D.C Waterways Topography or lay of the land (fight where natural high ground and barriers) Reliable intelligence (communication and spies)

Gettysburg Address

delivered AFTER Battle of Gettysburg. liberty and equality FOR ALL. EVERYONE.

General McDowell

general of the Union in the first battle: Bull run and replaced by McClellan for the North

Battle at Gettysburg

last time General Lee tries to invade the North. Psychological loss for Lee-- tries to step down as C-I-C, but Davis does not allow him. His heart is not longer in the war. THIS IS THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!

Soldiers' Lives

leading cause of death= diarrhea

Martial Law

military rules the border states which was declared by Lincoln