civil war review 1st draft

Why did the North establish a new national banking system?

The Union's established the National Banking System to issue national bank notes and increase sales of government bonds.

How were women in the North effected by the Civil War?

During the Civil War, women in the North had new opportunities opened to them in industry.

Know the importance of the Alabama.

-British-built, Confederate raiders ships such as the Alabama proved effective against Union shipping - The Alabama was an English made warship that the confederacy purchased, which had destroyed hundreds of Union ships

Explain how the concepts of states' rights impacted the Confederacy during the Civil War.

- Confederate constitution emphasized states' rights and limited the central government's power. -Their emphasis often interfered with Davis's ability to conduct the war because he could not get a united commitment from every Confederate state government.

Explain relations between the Union and Canada during the Civil War.

- During the Civil War, relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor. - American resentment was also directed at Canada, whereSouthern agents plotted to burn Northern cities (Confederate raids)

Describe Lincoln's response to the situation at Fort Sumter. Given the other options, do you think this was the best decision?

- Lincoln decided to send supplies to Fort Sumter, instead of troops, and he sent troops a day later. *This was a cautious, middle of the road decision - this was the best decision because it provided supplies but no troops, giving the Southerners no reason to fear -the decision was also good because he sent the troops later than the supplies, so the Confederates were blamed for "starting" the war

Why did some Southern states secede after Lincoln's election in 1860?

- Some southern states seceded because they wanted to be independent of Northern goods and opinions - and those states thought that founding their own country would solve their problems

What were the implications of the Dred Scott decision for the future of slavery in America?

- The future of slavery in America was expanded - the Supreme Court ruling decreed that slave-owners could take their "property" anywhere.

To what extent did John Brown, Stephen Douglas, and Abraham Lincoln contribute to the coming of the Civil War.

- When Lincoln was elected, the South thought that they could not expect justice, so the South seceded from the Union. -Stephen Douglas broke sacred compromises, so he set the stage for future disagreement - John Brown's controversial slaughters aroused anger in the South, which grew when the North hailed him as a martyr.

How did Lincoln persuade Border States to remain in the Union?

- in Maryland he declared martial law was needed, so he sent troops - he deployed Union soldiers in western Virginia and notably in Missouri, where Southern soldiers fought beside Unionists in a local civil war that was within the larger Civil War - he declared publicly that he was not fighting to free the blacks

What was the response for the violence in "Bleeding Kansas"?

-A hotheaded band of proslavery settlers burned the Free-Soil town of Lawrence, Kansas. -In retaliation, the deranged John Brown and his own antislavery band killed five border ruffians in the Pottawatomie Massacre in May of 1856

Compare and contrast Billy Yank and Johnny Reb.

-Billy yank was literate, intellectual, practical and efficient. - Johnny Reb was jocular, emotional, religious and bred to fight.

Identify the significance of the Border States to both the North and the South.

-Border states had *a large white population more than half the size of the entire Confederacy * a good supply of horses and mules * valuable manufacturing capacity

At the outset of the Civil War, the South confidently anticipated that King Cotton would guarantee it European intervention. Why didn't this intervention materialize?

-Britain held surpluses of cotton when the war began - textile workers in Britain favored the North - the North sent captured cotton to Britain - Britain developed alternative supplies of cotton in Egypt and India.

During the Civil War, how were Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war?

-During the Trent affair, a British ship carrying two confederate ambassadors to England was stopped in neutral waters by the North. - The Southern diplomats were removed from a British ship. -The British were mad at Lincoln.

When confronted with Southern secession in 1861, why didn't Lincoln simply allow the South to separate in peace?

-The North and South were bound inseparably together -Uncontested secession would create new controversies, such as what share of the national debt should the South be forced to take with it? -If the United States broke into two parts then America would become weak - Europeans would seize territory in the Americas

Both Northerners and Southerners saw their way of life as threatened. How and why could both feel this way?

-The Northerners feared that slavery would oppress the poor, white workers. - Southerners felt that if the North abolished slavery, then the factories would take over the Southern farms.

What were the implications of the Dred Scott decision for the concept of popular sovereignty?

-The Supreme Court ruling ruled the concept of popular sovereignty illegal, along with the Missouri Compromise - so the slavery could expand into new territory.

What were the implications of the Dred Scott decision for The status of free black in the United States?

-The Supreme Court ruling said that Black people could not have the same rights as a White citizen - so Black people could never be full citizens of the U.S.

Explain and give examples of President Lincoln's interpretation of civil liberties during the Civil War. In Lincoln's attempts to preserve the Union, he did all of the following questionable actions as president

-proclaimed a blockade of the Southern ports. -increased the size of the federal army. -suspended the writ of habeas corpus. -advanced federal funds to private citizens without authorization.

Why did European powers favor a civil war in the United States?

-war would weaken the United States' power in the Western Hemisphere - their (the European powers) existing colonies would be safe against further American expansion - the Europeans might more readily seize new colonial territory in the Americas.

Rank the following in order of their importance to the coming of the Civil War: Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, Lincoln's election. Justify your ranking.

1) Lincoln's election was the most important cause of the Civil war. It was the threat of his administration that finally pushed the South over the edge. 2) The Dred Scott decision was the next most important factor *because it showed the South that the North was unwilling to follow the federal rules if the rules did not benefit the North. 3) The Kansas-Nebraska Act was also a major cause of the Civil War because it was the clue to many that there would not be a peaceful resolution to the conflict. 4) John Brown's raid aroused anger in the South.

Why did Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter?

A Union naval force was next started on its way to Fort Sumpter after the Union supply ship was sent - The Confederates considered Lincoln's sending the naval ship an act of aggression

Identify the Northern advantages at the outset of the Civil War.

A) a much larger manpower reserve B) a more advanced industrial system C) a better transportation system D) twice as many rail lines as the South

Explain the impact the Civil War had on the Northern economy.

As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy emerged more prosperous than ever. - The first Millionaires were created in the US -New factories were created -

Compare and contrast the problems Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis experienced as presidents

As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis defied rather than led public opinion. -Lincoln was tolerant and Davis was intolerant and inflexible. - The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less difficult than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North had a long-established and fully recognized government

Was international diplomacy important for the Union? The Confederacy? Or Both?

Both -The South and the North depended on international diplomacy. The South wanted international recognition as a sovereign country -the North wanted to maintain international relations to continue trading.

2.) Describe Jefferson Davis's presidency.

Davis was frequently in trouble with his Congress, had nervous disorders and overworked himself over details of the government he could not control. The South wanted to impeach him.

Why might the violence be viewed as a "prelude to Civil War"?

It was the clue to many that there would not be a peaceful resolution to the conflict between the north and the south.

Asses the validity of the following statement, "Kansas provided a horrible example of the working of popular sovereignty

Kansas provided a horrible example of working of popular sovereignty because Southerners rigged the elections, and the violence that followed the elections demonstrated that popular sovereignty could not solve the problem on its own.

Identify and explain why the South believed it had many advantages over the North at the start of the Civil War.

The Confederacy could fight defensively behind interior lines without dragging land back to the Union -Southerners had better morale and self-determination to preserve their way of life -Southerners had better generals -Southerners had been used to managing horses and bearing arms since they were boys

2.) What did Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximillian on the Mexican throne violate?

The Munroe Doctrine

Describe the end of the war and list its final consequences.

The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, while the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments provided constitutional protections for all American citizens. • The power of the federal government was strengthened. • The Radical Republicans' rule so antagonized the South that the region remained solidly Democratic for nearly a century.

Explain why the battles of Gettysburg in the East and Vicksburg in the West decisively turned the tide toward Union victory and Confederate defeat.

The disaster at Gettysburg proved to be the turning point. -The Union's victory strengthened the Republicans politically and ensured once again that the British would not recognize the Confederacy - For the remainder of the war, Lee's forces remained on the defensive. -On May 19, 1863, Grant launched an all-out assault on Vicksburg, and the Union victory cut the Confederacy in two.

What is popular soverignty?

The doctrine that the issue of slavery should be decided by the residents of a territory themselves, not by the federal states

How did the Confederates firing on Fort Sumpter in Charleston Harbor affect Northerners opinion of Southern secesion?

The shelling of the fort electrified the North, which at once responded the cries of "Remember Fort Sumter" and "Save the Union" (fort was lost, but the Union was saved)

How did they influence the shaping of the Union strategy?

The southern border states would double manufacturing of the Confederates and increase the Confederacies horses and mules. -The Northern Border states of West Virginia and Kentucky had the Ohio river, which was crucial for transporting supplies and goods - The Border states influenced Union strategy by Lincoln to rely on persuasion and illegality to win over Border States

How did the Union fill the army's demand for troops?

To fill the army's demand for troops, the North relied mainly on volunteers.

How did both the North and the South help pay for the Civil War?

To help pay for the Civil War, both the North and the South raised taxes, printed paper currency, and sold bonds