Classical Music final

What is the name of the section of an opera that is similar to a moment in a musical in which an individual character breaks out into song.

Aria

Haydn, String Quartet in D Major, Op. 64, No. 5 (The Lark), I (Classical)

Austrian composer of the classical Period. He is referred to as the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet" A string quartet

Instruments in the string family from lowest to highest pitched are

Bass, cello, viola, violin

"Loud" and "soft" are adjectives that best describe

Dynamics

In Sonata form, which section introduces the main themes?

Exposition

(T/F) "Micky Mousing" is when classical music is used to accompany cartoons.

False

(T/F) Beethoven abandoned all of the compositional techniques of the previous generation of Viennese composers

False

(T/F) Czech composer Dvořák encouraged American composers to use Appalachian fiddle tunes as an inspiration to help them find an authentic American voice

False

(T/F) During Beethoven's third period, he returns to composing in the same style as Mozart and other Viennese classical-era composers.

False

(T/F) John Williams rejected the influence of Romanticism on film music

False

(T/F) Melodies and chord progressions in the Romantic Era became more predictable than in the Classical Era

False

(T/F) Most court composers were treated as royalty, regularly dining at the dinner table with kings and queens

False

(T/F) Mozart is the first composer to fully break free of the master/servant relationship between wealthy monarch and composer.

False

(T/F) Program music is music that is written to accompany some other type of program such as an opera or a play.

False

(T/F) Since the head of the Catholic Church is in Italy, the language of early plain chants is Italian.

False

(T/F) The "Rite of Spring" by Igor Stravinsky was written for a German ballet about pagan Viking rituals that was influenced by the artistic movement called Primitivism

False

(T/F) The definition of a monophonic texture is that there is only one instrument.

False

(T/F) The main difference between symphonies and concertos is that symphonies have multiple movements and concertos don't.

False

(T/F) The psychological progression that Beethoven lays out in his 5th symphony tells the story of a Shakespeare play.

False

(T/F) The third movement of Beethoven's 5th Symphony is in variation form with the added twist of the addition of a second theme.

False

(T/F) Unlike the contemporary orchestra, the piano was a regular feature in the Baroque orchestra.

False

(T/F) In the Renaissance Era, intellectuals became interested in studying the ideas of the Greek and Roman philosophers, but this did not influence music at all.

False, it had great impact

Antonio Vivaldi, Spring Concerto, I (Baroque)

Genre: - solo violin concerto Composer: - Italian composer known as "The Red Priest" - worked and taught in a girl's orphanage in Venice - Wrote over 600 concertos, including "The Four Seasons". - Known for brilliant idiomatic writing for strings advancing virtuosity. - Contributed to the development of the 3 movement concerto structure - a leader in ritornello form - incorporated programmatic writing and descriptive titles - frequent use of sequences

What is true about the Middle Ages?

Some people refer to them as the "dark ages" because of the lack of intellectual thought and growth during the period. The Catholic Church was the single most powerful institution. We often mark the beginning of the period with the fall of the Roman Empire

Jorge Variego:

Sometiomes uses electronic elements in some of his music. Is a UT music professor. Plays the bass clarinet. Writes music that is sometimes inspired by Argentinian tango music

Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, I (classical)

Sonata Allegro Orchestra wide dynamic contrasts; forceful, energetic tempo

In classical music, which of the following are sometimes or always included in the score for a piece of music?

The Tempo Dynamic markings Notes to be played Rhythm to be played The meter

Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 1, III (Funeral March) (romantic)

inspired by hunstsman funeral march, distored "frere jaques" childrens song, lament of lost of innocence at that time picks instruments out for momentary solos ironic funeral march (march and trio form) french round of the children's song slow tempo minor mode parody dance band instruments loud and viulgar phrase is cut short

Arnold Schoenberg:

inspired other composers to use his new approach to composing music. was German composed using a 12-tone technique.

Which of the following instruments are in the brass family?

Trumpet, tuba, French horn(horn)

William Grant Still, Afro-American Symphony, IV (20th century)

Uses 12-bar blues Influenced by African music It marked the first time a major symphony orchestra played a symphony by a black composer.

Clara Schumann:

Was a composer. Was a talented concert pianist Was a friend of Brahms who sometimes asked for her comments on his compositions.

Leonard Bernstein:

Was a teacher Was a talented pianist Was a composer Was a conductor

The composition 4'33":

Was composed by John Cage. Is the ultimate example of chance music

Classical Music:

is the focus of this course. is largely defined by being a written music tradition

Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire, No. 18 "The Moonfleck" (20th century)

solo voice and chamber ensemble Polyphonic -The music is very dissonant. -It is from a song cycle. Sprechestimme Is atonal

Clara Wieck Schumann, "Der Mond kommt still gegangen" (romantic)

through-composed One soloist and piano

Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring, Section 7 (20th century)

-Choreographed by Martha Graham -Uses lots of open 5ths -Is secretly dissonant and pentatonic -Includes a square-dance, a shaker dance, and the melody from "Simple Gifts" -Changes texture and tempo for grandeur

Ruth Crawford, Prelude for Piano No. 6 (Andante Mystico) (20th century)

-Layers of sound working together -Uses different tone colors and range for piano -Stretto -Employs Neo-Classicism -Heavily influenced by Debussy and Scriabin -Is atonal

What is Fugue?

Can be a form, tehnique, or genre. Is not a simple example of baroque music.

Frédéric Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp Major, Op. 15, No. 2 (romantic)

Composer: Born Warsaw 1810, Prodigy, talented performer and improviser, learned with Wojciech Żywny (voljeck zivneh) Music: Uses solo piano Rubato Homophonic

J.S. Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, I (Baroque)

Concerto (more precisely a Concerto Grosso) Ritornello Form Bach's style is unique with the coexistence of Polyphony and Homophony type 2 (melody + accompaniment). Intricate melodies and active basso continuo line create a polyphonic texture at places while the homophony (melody + accompaniment) is heard

Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 77, III (romantic)

Concerto that uses violin Uses double stops: playing two notes or strings at once

Charles Ives, Second Orchestral Set, II, "The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People's Outdoor Meeting (20th century)

Creates "soundscape" -Very dissonant -Influences from jazz and ragtime can be heard towards the end -Sounds as though we are listening to a parade from a distance -Includes whole tone scales -Utilizes a hymn called "I Hear Thy Welcome Voice" -Fades out at the end

In Sonata form, which section is likely to be the most unstable tonally.

Development

Hector Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony, 5th (romantic)

Genre: Symphony Instruments Used: trombones, flutes and piccolo, french horns, full orchestra, funeral bells, tubas, bassoons, woodwinds, bass drum, timpani Type of Melody: a mixture of everything. Dynamics: p to ff Texture:Homophonic/Polyphonic Form:Program Symphony

Thomas Weelkes, Madrigal, "As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending" (Renaissance)

How to recognize - Begins with "As vesta was...", Uses word painting, to follow meaning of words with the tone of the words. Two by two and three by three The renaissance Weelks is one of the best composers of madrigals in English Has "exuberant brightness" with simple rhythms and a slightly modern feel. Word painting is used. Words are declaimed in a lively manner

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, from the Gloria (Renaissance)

How to recognize - Hopeful sound, lots of reverb, slightly distant sound. Powerful rich tone. Mostly homophonic, end uses polyphony; ends with drawn out amen. The renaissance Palestrina was a singer and choir master in many churches and chapels. Wrote both secular and Christian compositions. Meant to convince pope that polyphonic music could relay words clearly enough to be heard. Leads to loud climax. Spiritual aura.

Bernart de Ventadorn, Troubadour Song, "La dousa votz (Middle Ages)

How to recognize: Has banjo like guitar instrument in beginning. Sounds like Stitch is singing; Joyous tone. Middle ages One of the finest troubadour poets. All stanzas set to the same melody; strophic form Is in Mixolydian mode. Is a secular song

Anonymous, Plainchant Antiphon, "In paradisum" (Middle Ages)

How to recognize: Starts with In paradisum. Has only voice, is monophonic. Not very rhythmic. Middle Ages An antiphon sung int he procession of the dead. Is in Mixolydian (G) mode. Refers to Lazarus. Has many melismas

The musical composition by Dukas called The Sorcerer's Apprentice:

Is based on a poem by Goethe. Is a related to an old German myth. Is an example of program music.

You may select multiple answers for this question. Melody:

Is made up of a series of notes

Nationalism in Romantic-era music:

Is something that we associate strongly with Mussorgsky. Was related to nationalist independence movements in Europe during the 19th century Uses musical ideas or motifs associated with a region or country.

Which of the following are true of modulation in music?

It can involve shifting the tonal center Happens in the exposition in sonata form It can involve shifting the mode. Was used by Mozart in Exposition, Development and Recapitulation of his Symphony #40, 1st Movement. refers to changing keys

Which of the following is true about the example of Beethoven's fifth symphony?

It is from the exposition It is from the first movement

Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet (romantic)

Modified sonata form Programme Music

George Frideric Handel, Messiah, Hallelujah Chorus (Baroque)

Oratorio - A large scale musical work for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra done without scenery, acting, or costumes through composed: music always change word-painting: music imitates (reflects) text

Art songs are accompanied by:

Piano

Igor Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, Part I, "The Adoration of the Earth" (20th century)

Primitivism Female virgin sacrificed in song Composer mostly writes for ballet

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, I (Classical)

Symphony Sonata Form (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation, followed by Coda) Woodwinds, Horns and Strings

Which of the following do we NOT associate with the Classical Era?

The Birth of Opera

Which of the following composers and performers that we have studied have appeared at Knoxville's Big Ears Festival?

The Kronos Quartet John Luther Adams Terry Riley Steve Reich

In which of the following examples that we studied, do two star-crossed lovers die in the end?

Tristan und Isolde by Wagner Aida by Verdi Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky

(T/F) Composers of secular music in the Renaissance are more likely to experiment with complex polyphony than than church composers.

True

(T/F) Handel was rich and famous during his lifetime.

True

(T/F) In Romantic opera, the orchestral accompaniment plays a more important role in helping to tell the story than in previous eras.

True

(T/F) In the second movement of Beethoven's 5th Symphony, he gives us a taste of triumph by having the trumpets play the main motive in the key of C major

True

(T/F) Meters of 5, 7 and 11 are uncommon and typically found in more experimental styles of music.

True

(T/F) Minor elements in music tend to sound sadder or more dramatic than major elements.

True

(T/F) Mozart performed for royalty as a kid

True

(T/F) Rubato is related the practice of speeding up and slowing down the tempo in an expressive manner.

True

(T/F) Steve Reich's "WTC 9/11" utilizes a string quartet and spoken word.

True

(T/F) The "Age of Absolutism" refers to the age in which rulers had absolute authority over their domains, and to question them was considered akin to questioning God.

True

(T/F) The Catholic Church responded to the threat of the Protestant Reformation and the rise of secular humanism with some extreme measures such as executions and jailing of individuals who did not follow the teachings of the church.

True

(T/F) Ultra-modernist composer Ruth Crawford also collected children's folk songs.

True

(T/F) Wagner was known for his antisemitic views.

True

(T/F) We typically study classical music through the lens of the composer.

True

Tania León, Indígena (20th century)

chamber orchestra captures the sense of place and Latin cultural heritage that is a central element in Leon's expressive world. Leon conjures a musical depiction of a Latin American Carnival celebration Polyrhythms

Edgard Varèse, Poème électronique (20th century)

elektronishe musik Uses synthesizer, pure electric sound rondo-like Uses electric sound (weird)

Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, I (classical)

piano concerto Uses pianoforte which is new instrument; inspired the composition of concertos; Mozart was a virtuoso composer

What is "word painting"

the musical technique of composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics or story elements