Clinical Nutrition- Exam 1

what is the absorbable unit for carbohydrate digestion? -soluble fiber -complex sugars -polysaccharides -monosaccharides

monosaccharides

What comprises the ketogenic diet? -mostly fat -hight protein -mostly sugar -plant-based

mostly fat

Which of the following represents storage sites of glycogen? -brain, spinal cord -bone, teeth -body fat, gallbladder -muscle, liver

muscle, liver

Chyme is the semiliquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the stomach and enters the -large intestine -villi -small intestine -gall bladder

small intestine

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum represent the -large intestine -small intestine -bolus -intestines

small intestine

Which food contains more fiber? -tomato -half a regular bagel -sweet potato, peel eaten -sweet potato, no peel eaten

sweet potato, peel eaten( always eat the peel)

The most common lipid in both foods and the body is the -omega 6 fat -omega 3 fat -unsaturated fat -triglyceride

triglyceride

The main 3 types of fats -tyrosine, arginine, glutamine -cholesterol, fatty acids, omega 3 -monosaccharides, polysaccharides, fiber -triglycerides (triacylglycerols), phospholipids, sterols

triglycerides (triacylglycerols), phospholipids, sterols

A Calorie is the amount of energy in the form of heat that is required to heat one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. -true -false

true

A person's genes can make them more susceptible to disease or even cause a disease. -true -false

true

Cholesterol is used to make cell membranes, sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. -true -false

true

Energy-yielding nutrients include carbohydrates, fats and proteins. -true -false

true

Glucagon and insulin work in opposite to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. -true -false

true

The Diet-Heart Hypothesis states that saturated fats are the cause of coronary heart disease -true -false

true

excess glucose is converted and stored as body fat -true -false

true

Which type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease where no insulin is secreted from beta cells? -type 2 diabetes -gestational diabetes -prediabetes -type 1 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

If looking to reduce the saturated fat in your diet, what should replace these calories? -unsaturated fats -simple carbohydrates -tropical oils -any type of carbs, doesn't matter

unsaturated fats

The fingerlike projections which line the small intestine increase the surface area to maximize absorption and help mix the partially digested chyme with intestinal secretions are -gastric mucosa -sphincters -mucus -villi

villi

The large intestine absorbs -water and electrolytes -GFCO and CSA foods -fats -proteins

water and electrolytes

Diets high in dietary fiber reduce the risk of which of the following diseases? -all of the above -none of the above -obesity -cardiovascular disease -diabetes

all of the above

Fast-releasing carbohydrates are found in which foods? -none of the above -all of the above -candy -soft drinks -processed foods

all of the above

oily fish (salmon, mackerel, herring) which are beneficial to the heart contain -alpha-linolenic acids -saturated fatty acids -mono-saturated fatty acids -partially hydrogenated oils (PHO's)

alpha-linolenic acids

Sources of saturated fats in food include which of the following? -Animal fats, tropical oils, and low-fat dairy products -Animal fats, tropical oils and full-fat dairy products -Animal fats, vegetable oils, and full-fat dairy products -Vegetable oils, tropical oils and full-fat dairy products

animal fats, tropical oils and full-fat dairy products

The preferred source of energy in the body comes from -proteins -total fats -carbohydrates -omega-3-fats

carbohydrates

What are sugar alcohols? -chemically synthesized artificial sweetener -carbs that re natural found in plants but are industrially synthesized to use as food additives -carbohydrates naturally found in dairy products -carbohydrates that are synthetic

carbs that re natural found in plants but are industrially synthesized to use as food additives

Trans fatty acids are linked to an increased risk for -infant mortality -diarrhea -dehydration -cardiovascular disease

cardiovascular disease

The chemical and mechanical processes by which the body breaks food down into individual nutrient molecules. -absorption -digestion -reproduction -respiration

digestion

Bile and phospholipids like lecithin aid in ______________ to break up large fat globules into fat droplets to aid in absorption. -denaturation -hydrogenation -oxygenation -emulsification

emulsification

The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide -water -energy -amino acids -fats

energy

If the body cannot synthesize a fatty acid and it must be obtained from foods, it is called an -acid -oxidized fatty acid -essential fatty acid -saturated fatty acids

essential fatty acid

Substances which must be consumed from foods because they cannot be made in the body are -apples -micronutrients -macronutrients -essential nutrients

essential nutrients

Potential energy is energy in motion. -true -false

false

Water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are both transported through the lymph system. -true -false

false

Your body can store infinite amounts of glycogen. -true -false

false

The ________ receives bile from the liver through the common hepatic duct and stores it. -bladder -pancreas -gallbladder -duodenum

gallbladder

The richest food sources of carbohydrates are -grains, fruits and vegetables -animal proteins -water -fats

grains, fruits and vegetables

The role of fiber is to -help maintain a healthy intestinal tract -repel water -provide kilocalories -increase appetite

helps maintain a healthy intestinal tract

Blood glucose levels are regulated by -hormones -monosaccharides -disaccharides -enzymes

hormones

Which type of fiber increases bulk and provides regular, healthy bowel movements? -insoluble fiber -digestible fiber -soluble fiber -liquid fiber

insoluble fiber (isn't digested)

________ are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are hydrophobic or insoluble in water -lipids -carbohydrates -proteins -water

lipids

Although short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, longer-chain fatty acids and other remnants of fat digestion are packaged into chylomicrons, which transport them through the ________ system until they enter the bloodstream. -venous -endocrine -lymphatic -excretory

lymphatic

________ transport digested lipids from the lumen of the GI tract into the enterocytes. -micelles -ATP -low density lipoproteins -high density lipoproteins

micelles

The villi and microvilli are the site of nutrient -digestion -excretion -absorption -elimination

absorption

Excess energy from food is stored where in the body? -brain -liver -adipose tissue -muscles

adipose tissue

The key five factors that indicate a healthy diet include which of the following? -inadequate, unbalanced, lacking in calorie control, variety and lacking moderation -adequate, balanced, calorie control, lacking in moderation and lacking variety -inadequate, balanced, calorie control, variety and lacking in moderation -adequate, balanced, calorie control, moderation and variety

-adequate, balanced, calorie control, moderation and variety

A well-balanced diet is composed of which six nutrients? -carbohydrates, water, vitamins, antioxidants, functional foods and minerals -carbohydrates, protein, water, vitamins, phytochemical and minerals -protein, antioxidants, water, fats, vitamins and minerals -carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, water and vitamins

-carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, water and vitamins

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin? -stomach -mouth -small intestine

-mouth

Pedro is a high-school soccer athlete who needs to eat more complex carbohydrates. Which of the following would you recommend? -quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread, amarath, oats -regular pasta, white bread -crackers made with enriched flour -white rice

-quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread, amarath, oats

When teaching carb counting as a treatment method for people with diabetes, how many grams of carbs are in one serving or exchange? -15 -25 -20 -10

15

What is the definition of an RDA? -meets the requirements of 50% or the mean of all healthy people -2 standard deviations from the EAR and meets the requirements of 97-98% of healthy people -Prevents excessive intake -this means there isn't enough evidence and is based on food records of healthy people

2 standard deviations from the EAR and meets the requirements of 97-98% of healthy people

A diet high in fiber reduces the risk of which of the following diseases? -Colon cancer, diverticulitis, type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anorexia -Brain cancer, diverticulitis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity -Colon cancer, diverticulitis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity -Lung cancer, diverticulitis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity

Colon cancer, diverticulitis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity

A Nutrition Facts panel gives what information? -It provides information on the servings per container, the calories per serving, and the amounts of all nutrients added. -It provides information on the servings per container, the calories per serving, and the amounts of certain nutrients. -It provides information on the servings per container, the calories per container, and the amounts of certain nutrients. -It provides information on how the food will taste, the calories per serving, and the amounts of certain nutrients.

It provides information on the servings per container, the calories per serving, and the amounts of certain nutrients.

The Dietary Reference Guidelines are known as what? -Nutrient intake recommendations for people all over the world -Nutrient intake recommendations for healthy people living in the US and Canada -Nutrient intake recommendations for ill people living in the US and Canada -Water intake recommendations for people all over the world

Nutrient intake recommendations for healthy people living in the US and Canada

HDL is referred to as the "good cholesterol" because it does which of the following? -Removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and takes it to the kidneys for disposal. -Removes lipids from the bloodstream and takes it to the liver for disposal. -Removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and takes it to the liver for disposal. -Removes chylomicron from the bloodstream and takes it to the liver for disposal.

Removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and takes it to the liver for disposal.

which of the following is the main approach to treating type 2 diabetes? -Strictly managing blood-glucose levels, adhering to a healthy diet, and decreasing physical activity. -Strictly managing blood-glucose levels, adhering to a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity. -Strictly managing blood-glucose levels, adhering to a poor diet, and decreasing physical activity. -Ignoring blood-glucose levels, adhering to a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity.

Strictly managing blood-glucose levels, adhering to a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity.

A healthy diet can reduce the risk of which diseases? -Stroke, lung cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes -Stroke, heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes -Lupus, heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes -Stroke, heart disease, bone cancer, and type 2 diabetes -Stroke, heart disease, hypertension, and type 1 diabetes

Stroke, heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes

The primary function(s) of lipids in the body include which of the following? -They are the energy structures of cell units. -They are the signaling components of cell membranes. -They are the energy components of cell membranes. -They are the signaling structures of cell units. -They are the structural components of cell membranes.

They are the structural components of cell membranes.