Clinical Nutrition Quiz 11
Lifestyle Management to reduce cardiovascular disease risk recommends adding all of the following to the diet EXCEPT: A. antioxidant vitamins B. plant sterols C. soluble fiber D. Omega-3 fatty acids
A
Once they are stable, a patient who has suffered a MI (heart attack) should be given a diet consisting of: A. liquids and foods restricted in sodium B. regular diet with small portions C. low fat diet with added fiber D. standard clear liquids
A
The nurse is talking with a client who has been instructed on a DASH diet for treatment of hypertension. The nurse recognizes that the client understands the changes he needs to make when he says: A. "I need to increase fruits, vegetables, and low-fat milk in my diet while cutting back on sugar and animal fat." B. "I just need to focus on losing a few pounds and reducing my sugar and alcohol consumption." C. "I need to add lots of fiber and plant foods to my diet to lower my cholesterol." D. "I need to limit foods that have a lot of sodium, like canned and frozen foods."
A
Dietary factors that can raise triglyceride levels include (SATA): A. weight loss B. high alcohol intake C. high dietary cholesterol intake D. high refined carbohydrate intake E. high protein intake
A, B, D
Nutrition related risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease include (SATA): A. obesity B. diabetes C. low LDL cholesterol D. an atherogenic diet E. smoking
A, B, D
Although the Mediterranean diet was first noticed for its ability to reduce the risk of heart disease, research has shown that it also may have the following benefits (SATA): A. longevity B. reduced risk of diabetes C. lower risk of GI problems D. reduced risk of Alzheimers Disease E. lower rates of cancer
A, B, D, E
Nutrition therapy for patients with late stage congestive heart failure most often includes: A. weight loss B. sodium restriction C. cholesterol restriction D. reducing total fat
B
Once a renal patient begins dialysis, their diet can contain liberal amounts of: A. fluid B. protein C. sodium D. potassium
B
The DASH eating plan to treat hypertension limits: A. dairy and meats B. red meats and sugar C. monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats D. sodium and simple carbohydrates
B
The nurse is working with a patient who has atherosclerosis and elevated LDL and his diet order is lifestyle management to reduce CHD risk. This patient needs 2800 kcalories to maintain his desireable body weight. Which of the following levels would fulfill this patients diet prescription? A. <31 grams saturated fat; <300mg cholesterol B. <22 grams saturated fat; <200mg cholesterol C. <28 grams saturated fat; <200 mg cholesterol D. <40 grams saturated fat; <100mg cholesterol
B
In addition to drinking plenty of fluid, patients who form calcium oxalate kidney stones should make the following dietary modifications (SATA): A. restrict purines B. restrict high oxalate foods C. avoid high sodium intakes D. get adequate amounts of calcium E. take vitamin C supplements F. keep protein intake moderate
B, C, D, F
Weight loss for overweight and obese clients is associated with all of the following outcomes (SATA): A. decrease in HDL cholesterol B. decrease in triglycerides C. decrease in insulin resistance D. increase in triglycerides E. decline in blood pressure
B, C, E
The 2 food groups with the most naturally occurring sodium are: A. fruits and vegetables B. vegetables and breads/cereals C. breads/cereals and dairy D. meats and dairy
C
Which of the following dietary fats raises LDL cholesterol and also lowers HDL cholesterol? A. monounsaturated fats B. cholesterol C. trans fats D. saturated fats
C
A patient prescribes Lifestyle Management to reduce CVD Risk asks which of the following food combinations would be best to add to their diet to comply with the principles of the diet: A. whole wheat bread, chicken, skim milk B. olive oil, beans, brown rice C. apples, canola oil, and stick margarine D. oat bran, margarine with plant sterols, and salmon
D
An atherogenic diet is a risk factor for heart disease and is characterized by: A. high saturated fat intake B. low fruit and vegetable intake C. low whole grains and high sugar intake D. A and B E. all of the above
D
Fluids may be restricted for renal patients based upon these clinical measures: A. weight change and blood pressure B. heart rate and serum proteins C. urine output and serum electrolytes D. A and C E. all of the above
D
Health authorities recommend that the diet for treatment of hypertension includes adequate amounts of these three nutrients: A. calcium, phosphorous, zinc B. folate, vitamin B12, calcium C. sodium, chloride, potassium D. potassium, calcium, magnesium
D
Risk factors for atherosclerosis and heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT: A. hypertension B. smoking C. diabetes D. elevated HDL cholesterol E. elevated LDL cholesterol
D
The Mediterranean diet is low in: A. protein B. vitamin C C. whole grains D. saturated fat
D
The primary blood lipid linked to CHD risk is: A. VLDL B. HDL C. Triglycerides D. LDL
D
The renal diet may be limited in the following minerals depending on the stage of the patient's kidney disease: A. sodium and potassium B. magnesium and chloride C. calcium and phosphorous D. A and C E. all of the above
D
T/F: The Mediterranean diet is one of the best diets to follow for weight loss because it controls calories and fat.
F
T/F: The DASH diet emphasizes inclusion of low-fat dairy products and calorie control more than the Mediterranean diet does.
T
T/F: The DASH diet is designed to help alleviate hypertension but it may also help those with diabetes or heart disease.
T