Clinical Psych 10-12
15. The Psychasthenia scale on the MMPI-2 is a measure of ______. A. depression B. anxiety C. bipolar disorder D. schizophrenia
b
1. The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists is ______. A. personality assessment B. intelligence testing C. psychotherapy D. teaching
c
11. Taking a ______ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies means attempting to identify and treat the underlying pathology that causes symptoms across related disorders. A. monodiagnostic B. polydiagnositc C. transdiagnostic D. bidiagnostic
c
12. Barlow's development of a unified protocol is an example of a ______ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies. A. monodiagnostic B. polydiagnositc C. transdiagnostic D. bidiagnostic
c
1. ______, which is more likely to take place when clinical psychologists are not culturally competent, involves viewing as abnormal although it is normal within the client's own culture. A. Overpathologizing B. Empirical criterion keying C. Diagnosing D. Multimethod assessment
a
11. According to the psychodynamic approach, the actual plot of a dream as the dreamer remembers it is the ______. A. manifest content B. latent content C. dream work D. projection
a
15. A strategy for disseminating psychotherapy treatments supported by efficacy research in which groups of researchers and practitioners collaborate throughout the research process is known as ______. A. practice-oriented research B. communal research C. effectiveness research D. collaborative research
a
17. According to psychodynamic theory, the ______ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms. A. ego B. superego C. id D. alter ego
a
17. In addition to effectiveness and efficacy, other ways to measure psychotherapy outcome include ______. A. the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy and medical cost offset B. medical cost offset, but not the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy C. the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy, but not medical cost offset D. neither medical cost offset nor the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy
a
19. Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism? A. an attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego B. the client's unconscious tendency to interact with the therapist as if the therapist were very similar to an important person in the client's personal history C. a verbal or behavioral "mistake" that, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, communicates an underlying unconscious wish D. an attempt to say whatever comes to mind, without censorship, no matter how nonsensical, illogical, or inappropriate
a
2. The primary finding of Hans Eysenck's 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that ______. A. psychotherapy was of little benefit, since most clients got better without it B. psychotherapy was beneficial when practiced by therapists with doctoral degrees, but not beneficial when practiced by therapists with master's or bachelor's degrees C. humanistic psychotherapy was significantly more effective than psychodynamic psychotherapy D. cognitive psychotherapy was significantly more effective than behavioral psychotherapy
a
20. Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that ______, the nature of the relationship between client and psychotherapist, is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy. A. therapeutic alliance B. hope C. positive expectations D. collaboration
a
21. Dr. Richards uses psychological testing, including feedback about testing results, both to assess his patients and provide a brief therapeutic intervention. This practice is best described as ______. A. therapeutic assessment B. cognitive-behavioral assessment C. clinical assessment D. personality assessment
a
21. Reaction formation is a defense mechanism characterized by ______. A. doing the opposite of the unconscious wish B. redirecting the unconscious wish toward a safer target C. attributing the unconscious wish to others rather than to the self D. denying the entire conflict surrounding the unconscious wish such that the individual never becomes aware of it
a
21. The correct order of Lambert and Ogles's (2004) three-stage sequential model of common factors is ______. A. support, learning, action B. learning, action, support C. action, support, learning D. learning, support, action
a
26. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation ______. A. was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed B. has consistently been the behavioral orientation C. has consistently been the psychodynamic orientation D. was the psychodynamic orientation until the 1980s and has been the behavioral orientation since that time
a
27. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of psychodynamic psychotherapy ______. A. has generally decreased B. has remained constant C. decreased through the 1960s and 1970s but increased in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s D. has increased
a
29. The Rorschach Inkblot Method ______. A. contains a total of 10 inkblots B. is an objective personality test C. was created after the creation of the original MMPI D. features inkblots created by John Exner
a
3. Prior to Freud, ______. A. mental health professionals did not generally acknowledge mental activity occurring outside of conscious awareness B. the idea of the unconscious was popular among psychiatrists C. the influence of the unconscious was linked to depression and anxiety D. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of the unconscious
a
32. Over the past 3 months, Jennifer's family has repeatedly expressed concern about her abuse of alcohol. Jennifer refuses to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking, and she clearly states she has no desire to change her behaviors. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), Jennifer is in the ______ stage. A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action
a
33. According to a survey of experts in the field of clinical psychology (Norcross, Pfund, & Prochaska, 2013), which of the following is likely to happen in the near future? A. a rise in the use of cognitive and behavioral approaches to psychotherapy B. a decline in the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy C. a decline in the use of eclectic/integrative approaches to psychotherapy D. a rise in the use of classic psychoanalysis
a
33. ______ is a variation of IPT developed for patients with bipolar disorder. A. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy B. Ego therapy C. Self-psychology therapy D. Object relations therapy
a
35. A(n) ______ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy. A. integrative B. psychodynamic C. eclectic D. behavioral
a
37. After a psychodynamic therapist makes an interpretation to a client, it can take many sessions for the client to incorporate that interpretation into his thinking and behavior. That post-interpretation period is often called ______. A. the working-through process B. the blank-screen C. transference D. fixation
a
38. The tripartite model, created by Hans Strupp and colleagues, essentially suggests that ______. A. multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views of psychotherapy outcome B. various styles of psychotherapy are equally effective due to common factors C. the success of the first three sessions of psychotherapy correlate very strongly to the eventual success of psychotherapy after its completion D. psychotherapy yields the best results when at least three approaches are blended together into a new, integrative approach
a
39. Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy ______. A. involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems B. is better suited for clients with severe (rather than mild) pathology C. focuses more on the past than the present D. typically requires at least 24 sessions
a
5. The tripartite model was developed to address which question related to psychotherapy research? A. Whose opinion should researchers seek? B. When should researchers ask? C. How should researchers measure psychotherapy outcome? D. Where should psychotherapy studies be conducted?
a
7. Free association is to ______ as word association is to ______. A. Sigmund Freud; Carl Jung B. Carl Jung; Sigmund Freud C. Albert Bandura; Alfred Adler D. Alfred Adler; Albert Bandura
a
7. The extent to which a psychotherapy works in a controlled research setting with well-defined groups of patients is best described as the ______ of that form of psychotherapy. A. efficacy B. effectiveness C. evidence D. none of these
a
8. Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome ______. A. typically have stronger internal validity B. typically include a wider variety of clients with more complex diagnostic profiles C. typically have stronger external validity D. are best conducted in private practice settings
a
9. ______ is a test-construction method that involves identifying distinct groups of people, asking all of them to respond to the same test items, and comparing responses between the groups. A. Empirical criterion keying B. Logarithmic modeling C. Factor analysis D. Comparative group coding
a
1. Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach created by ______ and includes all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it. A. Carl Rogers B. Sigmund Freud C. Hans Strupp D. B. F. Skinner
b
10. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted? A. Psychotherapy doesn't work. B. Psychotherapy works. C. Psychotherapy with female clients works; psychotherapy with male clients doesn't work. D. It is not possible to determine whether psychotherapy works.
b
13. A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychopathic Deviate" on the MMPI-2 is most likely to receive a diagnosis of ______. A. major depressive disorder B. antisocial personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. specific phobia
b
14. Researchers have examined to what extent practitioners use treatments supported by efficacy studies. What did they find? A. Clinicians who are also psychotherapy researchers are more likely to place a high value on selecting treatments supported by efficacy studies. B. Practitioners often cited their clinical experience, not efficacy studies, as a top factor in treatment selection. C. Clinicians preferred treatments supported by efficacy studies when the treatments were manualized to an extent that did not allow any deviation from the protocol. D. Dissemination of treatments supported by efficacy studies to clinicians is relatively easy
b
15. When clients sense that certain unconscious thoughts and feelings are being laid bare too extensively or too quickly, they create distractions or obstacles that impede the exploration of those thoughts and feelings. This is known as ______. A. defensiveness B. resistance C. displacement D. transference
b
16. The 1995 psychotherapy study published in Consumer Reports magazine ______. A. is an example of an efficacy study B. is an example of an effectiveness study C. concluded that treatment by a mental health professional usually did not produce benefits D. included a comparison group of individuals who were on the waiting list for psychotherapy but did not receive it
b
19. The term common factors refers to the idea that ______. A. intelligence tests by various authors (e.g., Wechsler and Binet) are based on the same underlying factors B. various forms of psychotherapy work about equally well because of fundamental, shared components C. the techniques used by behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, and cognitive psychotherapists are essentially similar D. projective and objective personality tests share essentially the same structure
b
19. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The validity and reliability of the MMPI-2 have been examined in thousands of studies. B. A shorter version of the MMPI-2 is the MMPI-2 Brief Inventory (MMPI-2-BI). C. Both the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A have 10 clinical scales. D. In addition to clinical scales, the MMPI-2 also has supplemental and content scales.
b
22. The dodo bird verdict has been challenged by some psychotherapy researchers, including ______. A. Bruce Wampold B. Dianne Chambless C. Stanley Messer D. Henrietta Churchill
b
23. An approach to psychotherapy in which specific therapy techniques are viewed as the treatment of choice for specific disorders is best described as the ______ approach. A. behavioral B. prescriptive C. common-factors D. relationship-based
b
23. Theodore Millon is ______. A. the lead member of the DSM-5 anxiety disorders Work Group B. the creator of the MCMI C. a leading intelligence assessment researcher D. the son of Rolland Millon, the primary author of the first DSM
b
24. Among the following individuals, who would be most likely to support a prescriptive approach to therapy? A. Bruce Wampold B. Dianne Chambless C. Stanley Messer D. Henrietta Churchill
b
25. ______ occurs when a patient forms a relationship with a therapist in which he unconsciously and unrealistically expects the therapist to behave like important people in his life. A. Reflection B. Transference C. Allegiance effects D. Countertransference
b
27. The "blank screen" role of the psychotherapist is most important to ______ psychotherapists. A. cognitive B. psychodynamic C. behavioral D. humanistic
b
28. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of cognitive therapy ______. A. has decreased B. has increased C. increased in the 1960s and 1970s but decreased in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s D. has remained constant
b
3. A(n) ______ statistically combines the results of many separate studies to create numerical representations of the effects of psychotherapy as tested across massive numbers of settings, therapists, and patients. A. tripartite model B. meta-analysis C. effectiveness study D. outcome measure
b
30. A recent survey of clinical psychologists (Norcross & Karpiak, 2012) found that the format of psychotherapy that was practiced by the highest percentage of clinical psychologists was ______. A. marital/couples B. individual C. family D. group
b
31. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), a patient in the ______ stage is aware that a problem exists, considering doing something to address it, but is not ready to commit to any real effort in that direction. A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. preparation D. action
b
31. ______ created a comprehensive scoring system for the Rorschach Inkblot Method. A. Herman Rorschach B. John Exner C. Aaron Beck D. Theodore Millon
b
33. As part of an assessment, Dr. Bush asks Mary to finish sentence stems printed on a paper, such as "My favorite . . ." and "I feel afraid. . . ." This assessment technique is known as a ______. A. sentence completion test, an objective measure of personality B. sentence completion test, a projective measure of personality C. narrative casting test, an objective measure of personality D. narrative casting test, a projective measure of personality
b
35. Which of the following statements is TRUE about how well psychodynamic therapy works? A. The nature of psychodynamic therapy readily lends itself to empirical study. B. Many studies, including meta-analyses, indicate that psychodynamic treatment is generally beneficial. C. Empirical support for the treatment of personality disorders with psychodynamic therapy does not exist. D. Transference-focused psychotherapy has been largely discredited as an acceptable treatment for bipolar disorder.
b
4. The tripartite model, a theory related to the measurement of psychotherapy outcome, was created by ______. A. Hans Eysenck B. Hans Strupp C. Dianne Chambless D. Bruce Wampold
b
5. ______ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and have clear scoring guidelines. A. Projective personality tests B. Objective personality tests C. Sentence completion tests D. Naturalistic observation techniques
b
6. The extent to which a psychotherapy works in "real-world" settings (such as clinics, private practices, and hospitals) is best described as the ______ of that form of psychotherapy. A. efficacy B. effectiveness C. evidence D. none of these
b
13. Clarissa dreams she is a platypus flopping about on a never-ending sandy beach, while the bright sun slowly bakes her to a crisp. Dr. Siggie, her psychologist, explains that the never-ending beach represents her inability to emotionally escape from an abusive relationship, and the sun represents the abuser. What is the manifest content in this scenario? A. the beach representing her inability to escape an abusive relationship B. the sun representing an abuser C. Clarissa as a platypus flopping about on a beach D. Dr. Siggie's nonverbal behaviors while explaining Clarissa's dream
c
17. Barak completes the MMPI-2. His results produce a highly elevated K scale score. A clinical psychologist interpreting this score should conclude that Barak is ______. A. lying B. "faking bad" C. "faking good" D. responding infrequently
c
23. Of all defense mechanisms, ______ is typically considered to be the most mature or healthy by psychodynamic psychotherapists. A. displacement B. repression C. sublimation D. reaction formation
c
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The PAI emphasizes psychopathology and problem behaviors. B. There is a version of the PAI that can be used for clients as young as 12. C. The PAI consists of 221 items and includes 21 different scales. D. The PAI offers four different responses: totally false, slightly true, mainly true, and very true.
c
29. According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to ______ later in life. A. dependency; self-worth; control B. control; dependency; self-worth C. dependency; control; self-worth D. self-worth; control; dependency
c
3. Clinical psychologists who select assessment methods that have strong validity, reliability, and clinical utility are practicing ______. A. multimodal assessment B. culturally competent assessment C. evidence-based assessment D. testing
c
31. Freud's psychodynamic psychotherapy has been reinvented in many forms, including all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. Erikson's ego psychology B. Klein's object relations C. Jung's associative psychology D. Kohut's self-psychology
c
34. A(n) ______ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients. A. integrative B. psychodynamic C. eclectic D. behavioral
c
35. Naturalistic observation is most likely to be practiced by a clinical psychologist who endorses ______. A. projective personality tests B. objective personality tests that emphasize normal personality traits C. behavioral assessment D. objective personality tests that emphasize abnormal or psychopathological aspects of personality
c
7. Which of the following is NOT an example of an objective personality test? A. Personality Assessment Inventory B. NEO Personality Inventory C. Thematic Apperception Test D. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
c
11. The original MMPI and the MMPI-2 both feature ______ clinical scales. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 30
c. 10
13. Which of the following statements is NOT true? Despite the overwhelming evidence offered by efficacy studies. A. There is a gap between those who conduct efficacy research on psychotherapy and those who practice it. B. The studies' results are not always heeded by those who practice therapy in the real world. C. Some practicing clinicians complain that researchers who conduct the studies do so in an artificial, contrived, and irrelevant manner. D. There has yet to be a corresponding effectiveness study that supports their findings.
d
18. The "dodo bird verdict" refers to the finding that ______. A. behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than cognitive psychotherapy B. psychodynamic psychotherapy is more beneficial than humanistic psychotherapy C. behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than all other forms of psychotherapy D. various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial
d
25. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) emphasizes ______. A. personality disorders B. mood disorders C. psychotic disorders D. normal personality traits
d
25. When a client's preference for type of psychotherapy is honored, it ______. A. has little effect on the client's dropout rate B. decreases client satisfaction with treatment C. is unrelated to how much benefit the client derives from treatment D. can enhance the therapy relationship and outcome
d
29. According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the humanistic orientation to psychotherapy ______. A. was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1970s B. was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1990s C. has steadily increased in popularity through the 2010s D. has decreased in popularity from the late 1980s to present
d
36. Based on the textbook, researchers have measured the outcome of psychotherapy by doing all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. assessing the reduction in spending on medical services when psychotherapy is provided B. using PET and fMRI scans to view changes in the brain subsequent to psychotherapy C. surveying clients about their experiences in psychotherapy D. comparing hemoglobin levels between those with and without mental disorders
d
37. "Therapeutic assessment" ______. A. involves the use of projective personality tests in a deliberately therapeutic way B. is a practice developed by Stephen Finn and colleagues in which cognitive therapy begins without a formal assessment, with the assumption that the first few sessions of therapy can provide adequate assessment data C. requires the use of massage to decrease patient nervousness prior to beginning an assessment D. describes the use of psychological testing and feedback as a brief therapeutic intervention
d
37. Chiles et al. (1999) conducted a review of over 90 studies of the effect of psychotherapy on medical costs and found that, in comparison to clients receiving no psychotherapy, clients receiving psychotherapy ______. A. had higher medical costs B. spent more days in the hospital C. required more time to recover from surgery D. reduced their need for emergency room visits
d
5. Of the following approaches to psychotherapy, which most heavily relies on inferential methods? A. behavioral B. cognitive-behavioral C. exposure plus response prevention D. psychodynamic
d
9. Dr. Harbinger is studying a new psychotherapy treatment for depression. He carefully screens potential participants to make sure they fit strict diagnostic criteria and randomly assigns them to a treatment or control group. He is most likely conducting a(n) ______ study. A. power B. effectiveness C. efficiency D. efficacy
d
9. When a patient is asked to engage in ______, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem. A. word association B. fixation C. projection D. free association
d