clinical psych chapter 14 test

22. Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is primarily based on operant conditioning?

Contingency management Extinction Token economies Shaping Behavioral activation Observational learning (or modeling)

32. The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is known as _____.

Extinction

3. In the early 1900s, _____ argued that the classical conditioning lessons learned from Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs should apply to humans also.

John Watson

15. A behavior therapist is most likely to judge the success of treatment via changes in the patient's

Observable behavior repetition/duration

33. The form of behavior therapy derived from Bandura's work that involves clients learning from the experiences of others, rather than their own experiences, is _____.

Observational learning (modeling)

28. _____ is a specific application of classical conditioning that targets patients' social anxieties; it may help a patient insist on appropriate service at a restaurant or ask someone out on a date.

assertiveness training

9. The main goal of behavior therapy is

observable behavior change

24. For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support.

exposure and response therapy

23. The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of _____.

exposure therapy

19. Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is primarily based on classical conditioning?

exposure therapy, systematic desensitization, assertiveness training

17. In a lab, Albert is conditioned to fear a white mouse. However, after leaving the lab, he not only continues to fear white mice; he also demonstrates fear of other white, fluffy objects (e.g., Santa Claus' beard, white bunnies). Which of the following behavior therapy terms best describes what has happened to Albert?

generalization

12. Which of the following places the steps of the scientific method in correct order?

observing a phenomenon developing hypothesis testing hypothesis observing the outcome of the test revising hypothesis

31. "If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change." This statement best summarizes the rationale behind _____.

operant conditioning

5. B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with _____.

operant conditioning

6. Thorndike is to _____ as Pavlov is to _____.

operant conditioning, classical conditioning

8. Thorndike's law of effect states that

organisms pay attention to the consequences of their actions

7. _____ is most closely associated with classical conditioning, while _____ is most closely associated with operant conditioning.

pavlov, skinner

26. Although they have been used for a variety of clinical issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of _____.

phobias and anxiety disorders

30. According to the behavioral approach, _____ essentially means "getting something good," and _____ essentially means "losing something good."

positive reinforcement, negative punishment

29. _____ is defined as any consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur in the future.

punishment

10. Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy

same goals, or came about because of dissatisfaction with other approaches

25. _____, a treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders, involves re-pairing a feared object with a new response that is incompatible with anxiety.

systematic desensitization

18. Operant conditioning proposes that all human (and animal) actions are governed by _____.

the environment

2. Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is NOT true?

it is true that he found classical conditioning

4. Edward Lee Thorndike's law of effect provides the theoretical basis for _____.

actions that bring forth good results are more likely to reoccur, actions that bring forth bad results are less likely to reoccur

37. When behavioral activation begins, an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is,

are there things that your not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed

21. Dr. Vogt's new client is a timid, apprehensive individual with social anxieties. Which of the following behavior therapies should he likely select for treatment?

assertiveness training

1. The career of Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with _____ therapy.

behavior

34. Parent and teacher training are indirect interventions based on the principles of _____ therapy.

behavior

36. The goal of _____ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client.

behavioral activation

14. Sherrie is diagnosed with depression. She believes she is unlovable, cries several hours per day, consumes less calories, and thinks her symptoms will never end. In treatment, a behavior therapist is most likely to target

behaviors that can be measured, if a behavior is being performed too much or too little

13. According to behavior therapists,

client behaviors are not symptoms of the underlying problem--those are the problem

35. Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that

depressed people lack positive reinforcement, they isolate themselves from activities

20. Because it is not practical to conduct treatment at an airport, Jeanie's psychologist has her imagine that she is flying on a plane as part of treatment for her flying phobia. What exposure therapy technique is Jeanie's psychologist using?

imaginal expossure