Clinical Psychology Exam 1

David Wechsler created ______.

a test of intelligence

Based on current reviews and meta-analyses, we can say that telepsychology generally appears to work ______.

about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy

A clinical psychologist who is sufficiently capable, skilled, experienced, and expert to adequately complete the professional tasks they undertake is fulfilling the ethical standard of ______.

competence

advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite ______ as support for their argument.

convenience for clients

The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing ______, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world.

cultural concepts of distress

The ______ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture.

emic

Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using manuals ______.

produce better client outcomes and are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy

The Rorschach Inkblot Method is best identified as a(n)______.

projective personality test

Which of the following lists the major "forces" in psychology?

psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism

There have been four major "forces" in the field of clinical psychology. Which of the following lists these forces in the correct historical order (from earliest to most recent)?

psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism

Two amendments were added to the APA code of ethics in 2010. These amendments emphasize that ______.

psychologists cannot use ethical standards from the code to justify or defend the violation of human rights

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is ______.

psychotherapy

The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as ______.

telepsychology

Psychiatrists ______.

tend to emphasize biological aspects of clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologists

Clinical psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training ___

emphasize practice of research

The etic perspective ______.

emphasizes similarities between all people

According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have ______.

exerted too much control over clinical decisions

"Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that tendency." This statement best illustrates the ______ inherent in every culture.

heterogeneity

The number of health insurance/managed care companies that pay for psychotherapy services has ______.

increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy

What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?

individual, group, and universal

According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, it is necessary to obtain ______ before proceeding with research, psychotherapy, or assessment.

informed consent

Which of the following is TRUE? A. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of gender and sexual orientation, but not divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity or religion. B. DSM-5 includes key aspects of culture relevant to diagnosis and assessment. C. The current edition of the APA ethical code includes no reference to issues of multiculturalism. D. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity and religion, but no divisions devoted to issues of gender or sexual orientation.

B

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. A psychologist must abide by a child client's request to withhold information about treatment from parents B. Therapists working with child clients often attempt to negotiate an arrangement in which parents will not be informed of what the child discloses except under specified conditions C. An ethical clinical psychologist should never break a child client's confidentiality to report child abuse D. Less than half of the states in the United States have laws requiring mental health professionals to break confidentiality to report known or suspected child abuse

B

Dr. Goldfarb is contacted by Shannon, an adult seeking personality testing for herself. Dr. Goldfarb has extensive experience with child personality assessment, but it has been some years since he administered an adult personality instrument. Which of the following responses could Dr. Goldfarb give to Shannon and remain in compliance with the APA code of ethics?

"I generally only perform personality assessments with children. I can refer you to a colleague who has a good deal of experience with adult personality assessment."

Which of the following is NOT a recent professional effort to emphasize issues of culture that was discussed in the textbook? A. implementation of a standardized diversity training program required for psychologists to maintain their licenses B. publication of books that focus on cultural issues C. modification of the APA ethical code to include discussion of multicultural issues D. creation of journals that focus on cultural issues

A

Psychology of Religion, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, and the Society for the Psychology of Women are examples of ______.

APA divisions dedicated to cultural issues

June believes there is one general intelligence that overlaps with many abilities. Which of the following theorists is most likely to agree with June?

Charles Spearman

Which of the following is TRUE regarding ethical decision-making by clinical psychologists?

Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected

Which of the following is TRUE? A. It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no knowledge of that client's culture, and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical psychologist. B. It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences with a client. C. Most research suggests that cultural self-awareness on the part of a clinical psychologist does little to improve treatment effectiveness. D. Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.

D

Typically, clinical psychologists must pass the ______ in order to become licensed.

Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)

The ______ section of the current ethical code includes aspirational ideals regarding the behavior of clinical psychologists, as opposed to enforceable rules of conduct.

General Principles

______ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently.

Licensure

______ is credited with the first known publication in which the term clinical psychology was used.

Lightner Witmer

Diane has been accepted into a clinical psychology graduate program that adheres to the Vail Model of training. Upon graduation from the program, Diane is most likely to earn a ______ and work in a ______.

PsyD; clinical setting

The ______ has patients tell stories in response to cards that depict interpersonal scenes.

Thematic Apperception Test

______ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in England.

William Tuke

Which approach to psychotherapy that arose in the 20th century emphasized empirical methodology and the study and treatment of measurable, observable symptoms?

behavioral

The result of the Boulder conference was an agreement among clinical psychology training directors that ______.

both practice and research were important parts of PhD clinical psychology training

The term evidence-based practice includes ______.

both the psychological treatment of a disorder and factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service

Burnout ______.

can significantly impair the competence of a clinical psychologist

Michael's career goal is to become a clinical psychologist who researches the treatment effectiveness of new psychotherapy interventions for bipolar I disorder. He envisions his work setting in academia or at a national research institute. When selecting clinical psychology graduate programs to which he will apply, Michael should focus on programs that adhere to the ______ model of training.

clinical scientist

Currently, the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the ______ orientation.

cognitive

The MMPI ______.

is an objective test of personality

Emil Kraepelin ______.

is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness

The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by a(n) ______.

joint emphasis on practice and research

Dr. Roland feels pressure to select a time-limited treatment to address Celia's social anxiety disorder because Celia is using her Topcare Insurance benefits to pay for treatment. This scenario best illustrates which contemporary ethical issue for clinical psychologists?

managed care and ethics

Cultural incompetence ______.

may lead to detrimental consequences for clients

Lightner Witmer originally defined clinical psychology as related to the disciplines of ______.

medicine, education, and social work

Compared to clinical psychologists who work and live in large communities, clinical psychologists who work and live in small communities are likely to find the ethical issue of ______ especially challenging.

multiple relationships

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs tend to___

place less emphasis on research-related aspects of training and more emphasis on clinically relevant aspects of training

A major difference between predoctoral and postdoctoral interns is___

predoctoral interns have not yet earned their doctoral degree, while postdoctoral interns have

The ______ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded.

predoctoral internship

To maximize the likelihood of obtaining a predoctoral internship, students interested in pursuing graduate training in clinical psychology should ______.

pursue graduate clinical psychology training from a PhD, rather than a PsyD, program

Informed consent regarding ______ is best understood as a one-time event, but informed consent regarding ______ is best understood as an ongoing process.

research; psychotherapy

Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include ______.

restriction of clinicians to use only empirically supported treatments

The Boulder model of training is also known as the ______ model of training.

scientist-practitioner

Clinical psychology's major contribution to World War I was ______.

the creation of tests to measure the intelligence of recruits

Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include ______.

the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field

Some clinical psychologists criticize the DSM, stating some disorders' symptoms are difficult to distinguish from normal behavior. This criticism best illustrates the debate surrounding ______.

the overexpansion of mental disorders

The ______ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual, as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals.

tripartite model of personal identity

True or False: DSM-5, published in May 2013, is the most recent version of the manual.

true

According to the current edition of the APA ethical code, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current therapy clients ______.

under any circumstances

Tatiana Tarasoff ______.

was a college student whose murder resulted in the creation of the duty to warn

From roughly 1900 to 1950, the treatment of mental illness ______.

was conducted primarily by physicians

Compared to clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists tend to___

work in settings such as college counseling centers

School psychologists ______.

work with children in schools and the adults involved in students' lives