Clinical Psychology Final Exam Review

According to Yalom, ______, or learning from in-group interpersonal experiences, is at the heart of group therapy. A) social reeducation B) group cohesiveness C) interpersonal learning D) universality

C) interpersonal learning

The "dodo bird verdict" refers to the finding that ______. A) various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial B) behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than all other forms of psychotherapy C) behavioral psychotherapy is more beneficial than cognitive psychotherapy D) psychodynamic psychotherapy is more beneficial than humanistic psychotherapy

A) various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is ______. A) to make the unconscious conscious B) to enhance self-actualization C) to replace illogical or irrational thoughts with more logical, rational thoughts D) to use reinforcement or punishment to change target behaviors

A) to make the unconscious conscious

In the early 1900s, ______ created a test of intelligence to help the French school system determine if students should qualify for special services. A) Lewis Terman B) David Wechsler C) Alfred Binet D) Harland Stanford

C) Alfred Binet

______, according to humanists, is essentially the warmth, love, and acceptance of those around us. A) Congruence B) Reflection C) Positive regard D) Genuineness

C) Positive Regard

Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism? A) the client's unconscious tendency to interact with the therapist as if the therapist were very similar to an important person in the client's personal history B) a verbal or behavioral "mistake" that, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, communicates an underlying unconscious wish C) an attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego D) an attempt to say whatever comes to mind, without censorship, no matter how nonsensical, illogical, or inappropriate

C) an attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

According to Carl Rogers, the therapist's ______ determine(s) the success of therapy. A) mastery of the techniques of interpreting the client's transference B) skill in applying positive reinforcement C) attitude toward the client D) ability to reflect the client's emotions

C) attitude towards client

Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as ______. A) rebounding B) cultural channeling C) cultural adaptation D) ethnic facilitation

C) cultural adaptation

The tripartite model, created by Hans Strupp and colleagues, essentially suggests that ______. A) psychotherapy yields the best results when at least three approaches are blended together into a new, integrative approach B) various styles of psychotherapy are equally effective due to common factors C) multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views of psychotherapy outcome D) the success of the first three sessions of psychotherapy correlate very strongly to the eventual success of psychotherapy after its completion

C) multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views on psychotherapy outcome

The main goal of behavior therapy is ______. A) to make the unconscious conscious B) self-actualization C) observable behavior change D) an increase in logical, rational thought

C) observable behavior change

Currently, ______ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists. A) 5 states B) all 50 states C) 31 states D) no states

A) 5 states

______refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client. A) Rapport B) Directive interviewing C) Nondirective interviewing D) Verbal tracking

A) Rapport

Based on current reviews and meta-analyses, we can say that telepsychology generally appears to work ______. A) about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy B) far better than in-person forms of psychotherapy C) far worse than in-person forms of psychotherapy D) we cannot compare telepsychology and in-person psychotherapy because no studies exist on this topic

A) about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy

All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A) categorical B) dimensional C) symptom- or criteria-based D) multiaxial

A) categorical

According to Cattell, ______ intelligence is intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences. A) crystallized B) fluid C) majority D) marginal

A) crystallized

Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to ______. A) focus on the client's current problems B) derive its roots from ancient dream analysis techniques C) emphasize the past rather than the present D) require a greater number of sessions

A) focus on client's current problems

According to psychodynamic theory, the ______ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses. A) id B) alter ego C) superego D) ego

A) id

According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from ______. A) illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives B) incongruence between the real self and the ideal self C) fixations at particular developmental stages in childhood D) classical or operant conditioning

A) illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives

What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity? A) individual, group, and universal B) singular, plural, and multifaceted C) narrow, moderate, and wide D) primary, secondary, and tertiary

A) individual, group, and universal

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder? A) It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population. B) It is dysfunction in mental functioning. C) It is usually associated with significant distress or disability. D) It is clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

A) it consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population

______ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise. A) Mindfulness B) All-or-nothing thinking C) Personalization D) Commitment thinking

A) mindfulness

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system. B) The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses. C) Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V). D) As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses.

A) the current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system

In group therapy, the term social microcosm refers to the idea that ______. A) the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members B) group members often establish friendships and romantic relationships outside of the therapy setting C) the problems of most group members stem from antisocial tendencies, the exploration of which requires recollections of key early childhood events D) group members often have isolated lives and have allowed their social contacts to become infrequent, and these tendencies contribute to their psychological problems

A) the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members

The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing ______, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world. A) multicultural considerations B) cultural concepts of distress C) culture-bound syndromes D) diversity directives

B) cultural concepts of distress

According to the humanistic approach, ______ is the root of psychopathology. A) fixation B) incongruence C) reflection D) negative self-regard

B) incongruence

Regarding the causes of psychological problems, ______ therapists tend to endorse a linear model of causality, whereas ______ therapists tend to endorse a circular model of causality. A) family; individual B) individual; family C) cognitive; humanistic D) behavioral; cognitive

B) individual; family

____tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas ______ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities. A) Objective personality; projective personality B) Intelligence; achievement C) Neuropsychological; intelligence D) Intelligence; personality

B) intelligence; achievement

Two parents in conflict with one another each make efforts to recruit their child to their side in order to support their position in the conflict. According to family therapists, this exemplifies ______. A) an undifferentiated ego mass B) triangulation C) extra-group socializing D) linear causality

B) triangulation

The ______ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual, as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals. A) evidence-based psychotherapy movement B) tripartite model of personal identity C) etic approach d) behavioral approach

B) tripartite model of personal identity

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider: A) the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought. B) behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality. C) scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior. D) cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors.

C) scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior

The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as ______. A) conference therapy B) digital therapy C) telepsychology D) techpsychology

C) telepsychology (cybertherapy)

The primary goal of humanistic psychotherapy is ______. A) to make the unconscious conscious B) behavior change using operant and classical conditioning techniques C) to foster self-actualization D) rational, logical thought

C) to foster self-actualization

Tatiana Tarasoff ______. A) is the chair of the committee that created the most recent edition of the APA code of ethics B) was the author of the tripartite model of personal identity C) was a college student whose murder resulted in the creation of the duty to warn D) is a leading researcher in the field of informed consent for psychotherapy

C) was a college student whose murder resulted in the creation of the duty to warn

All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____. A) American Counseling Association B) American Psychological Society C) American Psychological Association D) American Psychiatric Association

D) American Psychiatric Association

The DSM is published by the ______. A) American Psychological Association B) National Association of Social Workers C) American Psychotherapy Association D) American Psychiatric Association

D) American Psychiatric Association

Which of the following is NOT true of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists? A) The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy was created, in part, to promote prescription privileges for psychologists. B) Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have made the argument that other nonphysicians have been granted prescription privileges. C) Psychopharmacology training programs are available for psychologists in the U.S. military. D) Missouri, New Mexico, and Alabama currently allow appropriately trained clinical psychologists to prescribe.

D) Missouri, New Mexico, and Alabama currently allow appropriately trained clinical psychologists to prescribe. New Mexico, Louisiana, Iowa, Idaho, and Illinois are the five current states with prescription privileges

The idea that the way we think about events determines the way we respond to them is a cornerstone of ______ therapy. A) humanistic B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) cognitive

D) cognitive

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite ______ as support for their argument. A) an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas B) the opportunity to work collaboratively with physicians C) the ability to replace psychotherapy with medication D) convenience for clients

D) convenience for clients

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that: A) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication. B) each mental disorder is a by-product of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.

D) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms

When providing psychotherapy services to a family, ______. A) psychologists are encouraged to assign an individual diagnosis to one of the family members to facilitate reimbursement from insurance companies B) the clinician must provide the family with a systems-based DSM diagnosis C) information related to the psychologist by one family member is always kept in confidence from all other family members D) the ground rules for confidentiality should be established with all family members during the initial consultation

D) ground rules for confidentiality should be established with all family members during the initial consultation

Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client's cognitions? A) identify illogical thoughts, reflect emotional content of illogical thoughts, empathize with difficulties caused by illogical thoughts B) identify illogical thoughts, teach relaxation skills, countercondition illogical thoughts C) make unconscious illogical thoughts conscious, interpret illogical thoughts, work through illogical thoughts D) identify illogical thoughts, challenge illogical thoughts, replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

D) identify illogical thoughts, challenge illogical thoughts, replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

The primary goal of cognitive psychotherapy is ______. A) observable behavior change via contingency management B) to make the unconscious conscious C) self-actualization D) logical thinking

D) logical thinking

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are: A) Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders. B) internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C) primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.

D) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders

The Boulder model of training is also known as the ______ model of training. A) practitioner-scholar B) clinical scientist C)clinical psychologist D)scientist-practitioner

D) scientist-practitioner

Effective interviewers are skilled at ______, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard. A) quieting themselves B) developing positive relationships C) eye contact D) verbal tracking

D) verbal tracking

The Rorschach Inkblot Method and the Thematic Apperception Test are both examples of ______.

Projective Personality Tests

What are the four acculturation strategies?

assimilation, integration, separation, marginalization

The ______ perspective emphasizes the similarities between all people, while the ______ perspective emphasizes cultural-specific norms.

etic, emic

When an individual's real and ideal selves are different, the individual is experiencing ______.

incongruence