CLP Final

The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia nervosa would make following cognitive treatment is: Selected Answer:

"I expect to feel fat because of my illness."

Support for the idea that depressive disorders set the stage for eating disorders comes from evidence that shows: Selected Answer:

. that close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of depressive disorders.

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is: Selected Answer:

14 to 20.

A person says, "I think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day." Although this statement is not very scientific, it is a(n): A. hypothesis. B. research finding. C. example of a case study. D. research conclusion

A

A recent study of informed consent forms showed that: Selected Answer: Answers: A. many research participants don't understand them. B. most research participants don't receive them. C. most research participants are insulted by them. D. research participants generally already know their rights.

A

An otherwise "normal" person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? A. psychogenic B. parthenogenic C. schizophrenegenic D. somatogenic

A

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called ________ medications. A. psychotropics B. psychedelics C. psychophysiologicals D. antineurotics

A

In the early asylums, treatment for mental illness began with the intention to provide: A. care and treatment. B. psychogenic therapy. C. religious therapies. D. harsh treatment.

A

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What is the control group? Answers: A. the ones who got the placebo B. the new drug C. the psychiatric evaluation D. the level of agitation

A

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? Selected Answer: A. dysfunction B. deviance C. danger to self or others D. distress

A

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest relationship? A. -0.06 B. +0.30 C. -0.95 D. +0.54

A

Which is an example of a case study? A. a long-term study of a single clinical client B. a study of all the cases of a disorder in a community C. the creation of a disorder in a group of lab rats D. a study involving use of a control group

A

o accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by: A. flipping a coin to determine group assignment. B. making sure there is only one participant in each group. C. placing all the participants sharing an important characteristic in the same group. D. asking participants to choose the group they prefer.

A

Which statement distinguishes a quasi-experimental study from a true experiment? Answers: A. The quasi-experiment does not randomly assign participants to groups. B. The quasi-experiment does not use a control group. C. The quasi-experiment uses multiple groups for comparison. D. The quasi-experiment does not use any experimental control.

A ( not random)

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? Selected Answer: A. Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. B. It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced. C. It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. D. It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives.

A (Represents deplorable conditions for patients)

As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is: Answers: A. nomothetic. B. idiographic. C. nomosynthetic. D. idiosyncratic.

A (Unique individual- idiographic. Generalizations- Nomothetic)

Just decades ago, a woman's love for race car driving would have been considered abnormal. This statement illustrates: A. that abnormality can be situational. B. that everyone is a little eccentric. C. that drug use causes people to become mentally ill. D. how dangerous most mentally ill people actually are.

A (abnormality can be situational)

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? Selected Answer: Answers: A. dysfunction B. distress C. deviance D. danger to self or others

A (dysfunction)

Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of: A.Mass madness B. exorcism. C. disorders that were treated with trephination. D. physical pathology causing mental illness.

A (mass madness)

Which is NOT considered a research method? Selected Answer: A. a treatment plan for an individual B. the case study C. an experiment D. a correlation

A (treatment plan for an individual)

Which situation would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of muscle dysmorphobia? Selected Answer:

A man who is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular continues to strive for a perfect body.

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

A. agoraphobia and panic disorder.

Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic:

A. basic irrational assumptions.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Selected Answer:

A. has received support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.

Which is an anxiety disorder? Selected Answer:

A. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? Selected Answer:

About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men.

Which statement about recovery from anorexia nervosa is true? Selected Answer:

Anorexic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients.

A study included 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache. Twenty received aspirin, 20 received a sugar pill that looked like aspirin, and 20 got nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappeared. In the other two groups the "cure" rates were 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants were treated identically. This study: A. contains an important confound. B. is an experimental study. C. demonstrates a double-blind design. D. has three dependent variables.

B

Behavior that violates legal norms is: A. distressful and psychopathological. B. deviant and criminal. C. deviant and psychopathological. D. distressful and criminal.

B

People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress even though their behaviors are problematic. They are: Answers: A. doing something illegal, not abnormal. B. nevertheless considered to be abnormal. C. no longer considered abnormal but were considered abnormal in the past. D. not abnormal because abnormality requires distress.

B

Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call: A. mesmerism. B. outpatient therapy. C. Kraepelinism. D. community psychology.

B

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called ______ studies. Selected Answer: Answers: A. developmental B. epidemiological C. longitudinal D. experimental

B

The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is: . Answers: A. psychiatry. B. social work. C. counseling. D. psychology.

B

Which is NOT a merit of the correlational method? Selected Answer: A. It can be replicated. B. It provides individual information. C. Its results provide general information. D. It can be analyzed statistically.

B

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? Answers: A. somatogenic B. psychogenic C. moral D. demonological

B

Which statement is NOT a reason that demonology dominated views of abnormality in Europe in the Middle Ages? Answers: A. The power of the clergy increased greatly. B. The culture rejected religious beliefs. C. The Church controlled education. D. The Church rejected scientific forms of investigation.

B

Which would be the BEST design to study the effects of disasters on survivors? A. a double-blind strategy B. a natural experiment C. a quasi-experiment D. an experiment

B

Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the: A. 1200s. B. 1500s. C. 1700s. D. 1800s.

B (1500s)

There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the Midwest this week. This observation refers to the _____ of schizophrenia in this small population. A. risk B. incidence C. epidemiology D. prevalence

B (Incidence)

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called _____. A. blind methods B. confounds C. irrelevant variables D. controlled variables

B. (confounds)

Someone with skin-picking disorder would be LEAST likely to pick skin in which area of the body? Selected Answer:

B. abdomen

A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:

B. binge-eating disorder.

A person says, "I'll try to see only the positive side of things, then everything will be OK." From a cognitive perspective, this person is _____ obsessive thoughts.

B. neutralizing

A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: Selected Answer:

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the United States are there because: Selected Answer:

B. prison officials decided they needed treatment.

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is an aspect of: Selected Answer:

B. systematic desensitization.

Which is the MOST accurate biological explanation for people who gain weight after losing it? Selected Answer:

B. the brain is trying to restore the person to a set weight point

Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a(n) _____ study. A. epidemiological B. case C. analogue D. quasi-experimental

C

St. Vitus' dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as: A. melancholia. B. lycanthropy. C. tarantism. D. phlegmatism.

C

Suicide prevention, substance abuse treatment, and eating disorder clinics are MOST similar to which kind of market? A. New York Deli, a high-end market that serves only the wealthy B. Whole Foods, a large market that offers many different types of food C. Sweet Cupcakes, a store that specializes in only one type of food D. Corner Market, a Mom-and-Pop store that carries rather old-fashioned food

C

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: A. mental problems had a biological basis. B. demonology was a cause of mental illness. C. mental illness should be treated humanely and with respect. D. the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior.

C

Which BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization? A. Better than hospitalization; at least care is consistent and there is no shuttling back and forth through different levels of care. B. Well; communities have been able to pick up the care of those with severe disturbances and provide effective treatment for most all of them. C. Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street. D. Fine; most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment.

C

Which is NOT a merit of the correlational method? Answers: A. Its results provide general information. B. It can be analyzed statistically. C. It provides individual information. D. It can be replicated.

C

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? Answers: A. demonological B. moral C. psychogenic D. somatogenic

C

Which would be LEAST appropriately studied using a natural experiment? : A. the effects of a particularly harsh blizzard on depression B. the effects of a plant closing on community cohesiveness C. the effects of premarital abstinence on later sexual functioning D. the effects of war on children in Kosovo

C

A researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety and decides to study it in rats by conditioning in them the fear of a high-pitched noise and then testing the rats' reactions with and without the drug. This is an example of a(n): A. developmental experiments. B. correlational experiments. C. analogue experiments. D. quasi-experiments.

C (analogue experiment)

A researcher's expectations about a study can affect its outcome. The type of research design used specifically to address this problem is a(n): A. random-assignment design. B. matched control group design. C. blind design. D. experiment.

C (blind design)

In a scientific experiment, the variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter is called the _____ variable. Selected Answer: Answers: A. alternative B. dependent C. independent D. confounding

C (independent)

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying a: Selected Answer:

C. basic irrational assumption.

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedures? Selected Answer:

C. exposure and response prevention

an entomologist's fear of spiders is debilitating. To treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room with spiders, even asking her to handle them. This technique might be used in: Selected Answer:

C. flooding.

The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:

C. relaxation training.

A physician who has specialized treatment in mental health issues is called a: Answers: A. psychodiagnostician. B. psychoanalyst. C. clinical psychologist. D. psychiatrist.

D

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a: Answers: A. community center. B. spa and retreat center. C. counselor's office. D. hospital.

D

One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with problems in living as: Answers: A. pupils. B. trainees. C. patients. D. clients.

D

The Rosenthal effect: A. is found primarily in natural experiments. B. is found only in correlational designs. C. is identical to the "placebo effect." D. can be avoided by using a blind design.

D

Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? Answers: A. someone who is too confused to drive safely B. someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class C. someone who cannot stay alone for even one night D. someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

D

Which is a component of the legacy of Dorothea Dix? A. privatization of mental hospitals B. federal prisons C. deinstitutionalization D. state hospitals

D ( state hospitals )

Which statement BEST reflects the current care for people with less severe disturbances? A. Private psychotherapy is available only to the wealthy. B. It is difficult to find treatment for someone experiencing a "problem in living." C. Many are treated by generalists who specialize in a number of different types of disorders. D. Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment.

D (Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment)

Which component is NOT noted by clinical theorist Jerome Frank as essential to all forms of therapy? Selected Answer: Answers: A. healer B. series of contacts C. sufferer who seeks relief D. third-party payer

D (Third-party players)

Studies that are structured like experiments but use groups that already exist instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups are called: Answers: A. developmental experiments. B. correlational experiments. C. analogue experiments. D. quasi-experiments.

D (quasi-experiment)

Compared to a person who is happy and self-confident, a person who is bored and depressed: Selected Answer:

D. is more likely to eat junk food.

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing: Selected Answer:

D. panic disorder.

According to behavioral theory, specific learned fears become a generalized anxiety disorder through the process of: Selected Answer:

D. stimulus generalization.

A person who was diagnosed with alcoholism got into a bar fight and killed his opponent. Which legal test would MOST likely have been used to find him not guilty by reason of insanity?

Durham test

If an experimenter stimulates a rat's lateral hypothalamus, the MOST likely result is:

Hunger

"I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the: Selected Answer:

M'Naghten rule.

In the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. Why do we think that is? Selected Answer:

Many more were hospitalized in the past than are now.

____ is a pop psychology term for the rush of fear that people have when they realize that they have misplaced or lost their cell phone, disconnecting them from the world.

Nomophobia

Which is NOT true about profiling? Selected Answer: .

Profiling is realistically portrayed on most television shows

Given the changes in sex-offender laws, the emphasis of concern appears to be swinging toward: Selected Answer:

Protecting children

In the past twenty years or so, how has the authority of psychologists and psychiatrists to make decisions about things such as admitting patients and prescribing medication changed? Selected Answer:

Psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychiatrist

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of _____ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

Selected Answer: A. GABA

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by:

Selected Answer: B. humanistic theorists.

Jan is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others, which causes her significant impairment. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be:

Selected Answer: B. social anxiety disorder.

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:

Selected Answer: C. rational-emotive therapy.

_____ are workshops or group sessions offered by businesses in which mental health professionals teach employees how to cope, solve problems, and/or reduce stress. Selected Answer:

Stress-reduction seminars

How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? Selected Answer:

There is less gender difference in the incidence rates.

A person who has been criminally committed has been: Selected Answer:

accused of a crime and sent to a psychiatric institution for mental health treatment.

Imagine that you are a therapist working on the border between the United States and Mexico but don't speak Spanish. What is proper ethical behavior for you? Selected Answer:

acknowledge your limitations and seek further training

The Durham test judges a person not to be criminally responsible if he or she has: Selected Answer:

acted under the influence of a mental disease or mental defect.

All treatments for anorexia nervosa share the long-term common goal of: Selected Answer:

addressing the underlying causes of the disorders.

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia.

The medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an: Selected Answer: .

antidepressant drug

Most of the rulings on the right to refuse treatment have centered on: Selected Answer:

biological treatments

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired, rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of producing children who: Selected Answer:

can't assess their own needs.

A group home is an example of: Selected Answer:

community residence.

If a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. This is called: Selected Answer:

criminal commitment.

You are treating another therapist for a disorder. What is the therapist you are treating MOST likely to exhibit? Selected Answer:

depression or anxiety

A therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of:

duty to protect

Salvador Minuchin describes a family system in which members are overly involved in each other's affairs as a(n): Selected Answer:

enmeshed family pattern.

A therapist who sat with a patient with bulimia while the patient ate appropriate quantities of "forbidden" foods, and then stayed until the patient no longer had the urge to purge, would be practicing: Selected Answer:

exposure and response prevention.

Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from: Selected Answer:

family pedigree studies.

Which of the following is NOT one of the top reasons people become therapists? Selected Answer:

family pressure

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

fear of public speaking

A man beat another man nearly to death. In court, the assailant claimed that he was forced to do what he did. He just exploded and was not in control of himself. Under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity? Selected Answer:

irresistible impulse test

A therapist who is worried that her clients will receive short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, and that confidential treatment reports will be read by others, is concerned about: Selected Answer:

managed care programs.

Which medical problem associated with anorexia nervosa is MOST likely to lead to death? Selected Answer:

metabolic and electrolyte changes

The MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit but does not see himself that way and continues to push himself is: Selected Answer:

muscle dysmorphobia.

A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as _____ and the ideal female as _____. Selected Answer:

muscular; thin

Individuals with anorexia nervosa often show which personality characteristic? Selected Answer:

obsessive-compulsive tendencies

Where would one be MOST likely to see the sentence, "Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels"? Selected Answer:

on a pro-anorexia Web site

Rosa's heart was racing (from the four cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack.

Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder? Selected Answer:

performers and certain athletes

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

preparedness.

What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge? Selected Answer:

rapidity through soft texture

The focus of the Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act of 1986 was to: Selected Answer:

set up an advocacy system to investigate possible abuse and neglect of the mentally ill.

If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for a _____ cause of eating disorders. Selected Answer:

societal

Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

People who experience obsessions show:

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.

Temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if: Selected Answer:

two physicians certify it (two-physician certificates, "2 PCs").

The current code of ethics declares that a therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent: Selected Answer:

when the client or another person is threatened.

For a person to be involuntarily committed, the mental health professional must provide clear and convincing proof of mental illness: Selected Answer:

with 75 percent certainty.