CLPS10 Week 5

What is the conflict detector in the brain that is in charge of executive control?

anterior cingulate cortex; active for conflicting stimuli, helps to overcome routine action

What is an action slip?

AUTOMATIC UNCONSCIOUS; trying to do something different than you normally do it, but end up dong what is normal; routines are efficient but inflexible

What is the cocktail party effect?

hear name, and even if you are in a full-on conversation with someone else, you will still turn your head to see where your name came from; why? name is over-learned, frequently activated, more easily accessed in consciousness

What is executive control?

Way to prevent action slips (like grabbing a random persons coffee and drinking it) the control system must - monitor what actions it should be doing - suppress actions that it should not be doing - represent goals at various levels of abstraction - update system - monitor the context of situation

Give some examples of automatic unconscious.

breathing blinking digestion fear balancing

What has the lowest error in recognition when hearing a list of words in one ear while trying to memorize a list of different words that are presented in: other ear; computer screen as words, computer screen as pictures?

computer screen as pictures (pictures decrease errors in recognition

What is the difference between controlled conscious and automatic unconscious?

controlled: requires mental supervision of attention, highly flexible to have many responses to some stimulus, difficult to multitask automatic: do NOT require attention, inflexible because there is the same action or thought pattern each time, enable multi-tasking, susceptible to action slips ***offload of neural resources

What is the prefrontal cortex job in consciousness?

critical to cognitive control; flexibility in actions, planning, focus

What is the ventral system used for?

detection of unexpected stimuli; arousal and vigilance

What are the two anatomic models for spatial attention?

dorsal fronto-parietal system ventral system

Whats the difference between early and late selective attention?

early: complex stimuli, more effort late: simple, less effort

What is neglect syndrome (unilateral parietal lobe damage)?

failure to attend, respond, or orient to stimuli on side opposite of brain lesion - will respond to stimuli on contralesional side if it's by itself; can't when its paired

What does practice do to our attention?

frees up neural resources, practice increases automaticity of a tast

Give some examples of controlled conscious.

learning a new skill racing hand planning talking to friends reading for CLPS10

What is the dorsal front-parietal system used for?

preparatory and voluntary goal-directed attention

What is repetition priming?

prime: dog followed by target: dog (showing same stimulus)

What is stimulus-based priming? Give an example.

prior presentation of a stimulus (prime) influences performance on another stimulus

What is expectation based priming?

prior presentation of a stimulus (prime) sets up an expectation/prediction on another stimulus

What is attention?

process by which some info is selected for further processing while other info is disgarded - we have a limited capacity to process all info so selection based on relevant to current goals - can be directed to locations in space

Whats the difference between spatial-based and object-based in neglect patients?

spatial: left side of space ignored object: both sides of each object ignored

What is divided attention?

splitting attention between two different stimuli; tasks interfere if they compete with neural resources

What is semantic priming?

the prior presentation of a related word or concept influences the processing of a target word or concept that shares a semantic connection. ***If you're shown the word "ocean," you'll be faster to recognize the word "waves" when presented afterward, as they are semantically related words.

What did the demanding priming paradigm show about neglect patients?

they are slower at it, but there was still priming even though they could not identify pic on the contralesional side; objects in neglected space still activate visual regions of the occipital lobe

What is semantic priming paradigram?

used to study neglect syndrome -> show two pictures one real and one fake, word comes up in the center, tell if the word is a real word, see if there's a correlation between the world and picture/stim