CNA Block 13
List at least six signs and symptoms of Dysphagia:
1) Coughing during or after meals 2) Choking during meals 3) Dribbling saliva, food, or fluid from the mouth 4) Having food residue inside the mouth or cheeks during and after meals 5) Gurgling during or after meals or losing voice 6) Eating slowly 7) Avoiding eating 8) Spitting out pieces of food 9) Swallowing several times per mouthful 10) Clearing the throat frequently during and after meals 11) Watering eyes when eating or drinking 12) Food or fluid coming up into the nose 13) Making a visible effort to swallow 14) Breathing rapidly or with shorter breaths while eating or drinking 15) Difficulty chewing food 16) Difficulty swallowing medications
List basic function for the six nutrients:
1. Assists in digestion and absorption of food. 2. Supply the body with energy and extra protein 3. Tissue growth and repair, supply energy 4. Helps the body store energy 5. Needed by the body to function 6. Help build bones, make hormones, and help in blood formation.
What are two examples of full liquids?
1. Cream soups 2. milk 3. ice cream
Define the following terms: 1. Dehydration:2. Fluid overload3. Edema:
1. Dehydration: a serious condition that occurs when a person does not have enough fluid in the body 2. Fluid overload: occurs when the body cannot handle the fluid consumed 3. Edema: swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues
What are two examples of clear liquids?
1. Juices 2. broth 3. gelatin 4. popsicles
Name two diseases or conditions residents may have that could require special assistance when eating:
1. Stroke 2. Parkinson's disease 3. Alzheimer's disease or other dementias 4. Head trauma 5. Blindness 6. Confusion
List the six basic nutrients:
1. Water 2. Carbohydrates 3. Protein 4. Fats 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals
List five signs and symptoms of dehydration:
1. dry mouth 2. cracked lips 3. sunken eyes 4. dark urine 5. strong-smelling urine
After meals, keep a resident upright for as long as ordered, at least ___ minutes.
30
Culture, ethnicity, income, education, and geography all affect ideas about nutrition. Food preferences may change. Why should we listen to and respect the changes and preferences of our residents?
Because residents have the legal right to make choices about their food.
This food group is our body's best source of energy?
Breads and cereals
Which color vegetables have the best nutritional content?
Dark green, red, and orange
Name two illnesses or conditions patients may have that puts the patient as greater risk of weight loss or malnutrition: ____________ and _______.
Diabetes and COPD. [ALSO: cancer, and HIV]
CNAs can never insert or remove tubes in a patient, or do the feeding through these tubes, but they can irrigate (clean) the tubes.
F
Disregard likes and dislikes, serve the same food to everyone.
F
Force Fluids (FF) means that the resident is allowed to drink, but must limit the daily amount to a level set by the doctor.
F
Have the resident eat first and then drink some fluid
F
If a resident bites down on utensils pull it out hard to get him to stop.
F
If a resident holds food in his mouth, let him, he can eat it later.
F
If a resident won't eat a food, it's best to respect their privacy and not ask questions.
F
If food is too hot, the CNA should blow on the resident's food.
F
People with Parkinson's Disease do not need to eat as often.
F
Residents do not need to wash their hands before they eat.
F
Restrict fluids (RF) means the resident should be encouraged to drink more fluids.
F
Serve food in the usual order even if the resident prefers otherwise.
F
The use of a clothing protector is insulting and should not be done
F
To encourage healthy eating the CNA should remain silent during meals.
F
When feeding a resident it is okay if they lounge in bed watching TV
F
You do not have to wash your hands before feeding a resident.
F
How can you help make meal times more enjoyable?
Have the resident eat with friends or stay for the meal
Residents with what health issues may be on a low-sodium diet?
High blood-pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, or fluid retention.
Why would a resident wear a neck brace to eat?
If they have poor neck control, to stabilize the head during eating.
Why might someone be on the nothing by mouth restriction?
If they have such a severe problem with swallowing that it is unsafe to give them anything by mouth.
A low-protein diet may be used to protect which organ from protein compounds?
Kidneys
__________ diets are usually ordered as clear or full.
Liquid
What acronym is used for nothing by mouth?
NPO
Ovo-vegetarian
Person who consumes all vegan food items plus eggs.
List two food sources for each nutrient: Protein:Carbohydrates:Fats:
Protein: seafood, poultry, meat, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, nut butters, peas, beans, or legumes Carbohydrates: Bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables, fruits, sugars, sweets, syrups Fats: Butter, beef, pork, fowl, fish, dairy products, olives, nuts, and seeds
What common food item is restricted in a low-sodium diet?
Salt
Alternate types of foods and drink to increase appetite.
T
Before delivering a food tray, identify the resident by name and match it.
T
CNAs can clean and store used equipment (like a PEG tube).
T
CNAs should respect a resident's food preferences.
T
Check the temperature of the food before you assist with eating
T
Eating is an important physical and psychological activity.
T
Feed the resident if he/she is having trouble using utensils.
T
Food should be served at the correct temperature.
T
Food trays should be observed after a meal to see if the resident is eating
T
Inhaling food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs is called aspiration.
T
It is important to correctly identify a resident before serving a meal tray.
T
It is important to help residents maintain independence, so using assistive devices is better than just feeding the resident yourself.
T
It is important to sit where you can make eye contact with resident.
T
It's important that the CNA sit while feeding a seated resident.
T
Make sure the bed is free of crumbs.
T
Make sure the resident can see all the food on the tray.
T
Performing handwashing before helping a resident eat is required
T
Position the resident so that they are sitting upright.
T
Record meal and snack intake.
T
Sense of thirst can lessen as people age.
T
Use a clothing protector (not a bib) if needed and remove after the meal.
T
How can you help a visually-impaired resident to navigate the foods in front of them?
Use the face of an imaginary clock to explain the position of foods
Minerals include ______, ______, ___________, and _______________.
Zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium
Name a difference between a soft and a mechanical diet:
a soft diet is soft in texture and consists of foods easy to swallow and chew a mechanical diet consist of chopped or blended diet
Proper fluid intake is important because:
a. Dilutes wastes and flushes out the urinary system b. Helps prevent constipation c. Helps prevent confusion
Residents with what condition may be on a fluid-restricted diet?
a. Severe heart disease b. kidney disease
Lacto-ovo
dairy and eggs
Use the bed linen to wipe a resident's mouth as needed.
f
Which of these is not considered one of the six nutrients?
fiber
Infection, fever, diarrhea, and some medications will increase the need for __________ intake.
fluid
Where is a nasogastric tube inserted into a patient?
into the nose
PN stands for ___________ ____________.
parenteral nutrition
Name something that would be on a tray of a resident with a soft diet:
pudding
What might influence food preferences?
religion
If a resident has balance issues sitting in a dining room chair, you should:
seat him in a regular dining room chair with armrests, rather than a wheelchair. Ask him to keep his elbows on the table.
Diabetics should avoid foods that are high in _________.
sugar
A percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy tube is placed into the stomach through ____ ____________ _______.
the abdominal wall
___________ is the most essential nutrient for life.
water
