CNA Final Exam

Three functions of sleep

*Mental well being *Cognitive function *Emotional health

four functions of the urinary system

*eliminate waste products from blood *maintain water balance in body *regulate levels of electrolytes in body *assist in regulation of blood pressure

Chain of infection

1. causative agent 2. reservoir (Helps it grow) 3. portal of exit (opening on body) 4. mode of transmission (how it travels) 5. portal of entry (open uninfected area) 6. susceptible host (anyone who can become sick)

When eating residents should sit upright _____ degrees

90 degrees

Tissues

A group of cells that performs similar tasks; connective and nervous are examples

Using the pH scale, which of the following numbers would show that the urine is more acidic (as opposed to alkaline) A.5 B.6 C.7 D.8

A. 5

Which of the following is the average rate temperature of the body? A. 98.6 f B. 96.6 f C. 94.8 f D. 99.6 f

A. 98.6 f

Slide boards are used for A. Transferring residents who cannot bear weight on their legs from one sitting position to another B. Helping weak residents ambulate for longer distances C. Easier lifting of residents who can only bear weight on one leg D. Transferring weak residents who are standing to a sitting position

A. Transferring residents who cannot bear weight on their legs from one sitting position to another.

How much albumin (protein) should be present in urine if a persons kidney is healthy? A. Very little or none at all B. Urine should contain about 1 cup of albumin within two hours C. Urine should contain approximately 60% albumin D. Urine should contain approximately 75% albumin

A. Very little or none at all

Types of wounds

Abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion

Dys

Bad/ difficult

Pnea

Breath

Grinding and clenching the teeth

Bruxism

What time of day is the best time to collect a sputum specimen? A. Middle of the night B. Late afternoon C. After lunch D. Early morning

D. Early morning

A code of courtesy and proper behavior in a certain setting is called A. Civil law B. Criminal law C. Ethics D. Ettiquete

D. Ettiquete

A type of device that is applied externally to a limb for support and protection is called a (n) A. Prosthetic device B. musculoskeletal device C. Chiropractic device D. Orthotic device

D. Orthotic device

Which of the following means that that the resident can bear some weight on one or both legs postoperatively? A. Non-weight- bearing (NWB) B. Full-weight-bearing (FWB) C. 100% wight - bearing (1WB) D. Partial weight-bearing (PWB)

D. Partial weight-bearing (PWB)

When a resident with Alzheimer's repeats an action over and over he is A. Babbling B. Intervening C. Strategizing D. Perseverating

D. Perseverating

Which of the following may be indicated if the radial pulse is less than the apical pulse? A. Heart disease B. Infection C. Fever D. Poor circulation to extremities

D. Poor circulation to extremities

What color is a rectal thermometer? A. Blue B. Green C. White D. Red

D. Red

When does an MDS need to be completed? A. When a resident leaves the facility B. Once every five years after the first MDS has been completed C. When there have been no major changes in a residents condition for two weeks D. Within 14 days of a residents admission

D. Within 14 days of a residents admission

2nd degree burn (partial thickness)

Epidermis and various parts of dermis, painful, moist, red, BLISTERED

Body systems

Groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body

An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care for another condition

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A person with limited income might qualify for

Medicaid

All or part of the blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, causing muscle cells to die.

Myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack)

1st degree burn (superficial)

Only the epidermis (outer layer) (red, painful, and edema)

Medicare is a health insurance program for:

People who are 65 years or older.

Supine position

Position in which resident is laying flat on their back

Ortho

Positional (standing to sitting vice versa etc)

Tachy

Rapid , fast

Portals of exit examples

Respiratory - mucus, sputum, nasal drainage, saliva Skin scales Fecal exit Urogenital tract Removal of blood

Can be collected any time the resident voids

Routine urine specimen

Fowler's position

Semisitting body position (45-60 degrees)

Integumentary

Skin

Portals of entry examples

Skin - nicks, abrasions, punctures, incisions Gastrointestinal tract - food, drink, and other ingested materials Respiratory tract - oral and nasal cavities Urogenital tract - sexual, displaced organisms Transplacental

3rd degree burn (full thickness)

Skin black/ brown, edema, all layers of skin burned, grafting needed.

Brady

Slow , abnormal

Sleepwalking

Somnambulism

The line of authority is:

The chain of command

Why are woman more susceptible to urinary tract infections?

The female urethra is shorter than male as well as the urethra being located directly infant of the vagina and anus.

What is the basic working unit of the nervous system?

The neuron

When a CVA occurs on the left side of the brain, which side of the body will be affected?

The right side

A

Without

fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Dialysis

removing harmful waste products from the body with an artificial kidney machine (dialysis machine)

largest organ in the body

skin

VRE

spread through feces, direct contact

Palliative care goals

to relieve pain, control symptoms, prevent side affects and complications, maintain quality of life.

multi-drug resistant organisms

bacteria and other microorganisms that have developed resistance to antimicrobial drugs

EU

good, normal

Sepsis

infection spread throughout the blood

Skin lesions

macules - flat spots seen not felt change of skin color. Papules - raised lesions can be felt Vesicles - Small blisters contains fluid (ex: chicken pox.) Wheals - large raised irregular areas usually itchy (hives) (urticaria) Pupura - small purplish spots caused by bleeding under skin

Why was OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) passed? A. As a response to reports of poor care and abuse in long-term care facilities. B. Because of complaints of uncooperative residents by CNA'S C. To control costs in long-term care facilities D. Because most long-term care facilities employed too many CNA'S

A. As a response to reports of poor care and abuse in long-term care facilities

Where does skin breakdown often occur? A. At pressure points B. On the tops of the hands C. On all exposed skin D. At the fingertips

A. At pressure points

What do platelets cause the blood to do? A. Clot B. Move C. Stop D. Feed

A. Clot

_____ have to do with the knowledge of right and wrong A. ethics B. Civil laws C. Etiquette issues D.Criminal laws

A. Ethics

How often should a resident in a wheelchair change positions in order to help prevent pressure injuries? A. Every hour B. Every 90 minutes C. Every three hours D. Every 30 minutes

A. Every hour

The minimum Data Sheet (MDS) was created to A. Give facilities a standardized approach to care B. Give facilities more flexibility in how care is performed C. Improve infection prevention methods in facilities D. Help train nursing assistants how to do particular care procedures

A. Give facilities a standardized approach to care

_______ is the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working at their best A. Homeostasis B. Physiology C. Circulatory D.pathophysiology

A. Homeostasis

Another name for an elastic bandage is a(n) A. Nonsterile bandage B. Band-aid C. Surgical bandage D. Abdominal binder

A. Nonsterile bandage

Another name for a long-term care facility is a(n) A. Nursing home B. Home health care facility C. Assisted living facility D. Adult day services apartment

A. Nursing home

A catheter that is inserted to drain urine from the bladder several times a day and is removed each time after urine is drained is called a (n) A. Straight catheter B. Indwelling catheter C. Condom Catheter D. Texas catheter

A. Straight catheter

What should a CNA do if he sees or suspects that a resident is being abused? A. The CNA should report it to the supervisor and document it at once B. The CNA should keep watching the resident until he is sure he is correct C. The CNA should ignore it unless the resident complains about it D. The CNA should confront the abuser immediately

A. The CNA should report it to the supervisor and document it at once

A person who lives in a long-term care facility is called a resident because A. The facility is her home B. She is picked up at the end of the day C. She does not have any living family members D. She does not need skilled care

A. The facility is her home

The purpose of a care conference is to A. Train Nursing assistants in new care skills B. Decide how to remove a resident from a facility C. Share information about the residents to develop a care of plan D. Orient a new resident to the facility

C. Share information about the residents to develop a care plan

Elevated blood pressure A.90-119 mm Hg and 60-79 mm Hg B.120-129 mm Hg and less than 80 mm Hg C. 130-139 mm Hg 80-89 mm Hg

B. 120-129 mm Hg and less than 80 mm Hg

Normal blood pressure A. 130-139 mm hg or 80 -89 mm Hg B. 120-129 mm Hg and less than 80 mmHg C.90-119 mm Hg and 60-79 mm Hg

B. 90-119 mm Hg and 60-79 mm Hg

Laws to protect individuals from people or organizations that try to harm them are A. Civil laws B. Criminal laws C. Felonies D. Misdemeanors

B. Criminal laws

How does home health aide care differ from nursing assistant care? A. Home health care aides do not assist with personal care B. Home health care aides may clean the home and do laundry C. Home health aides do not have supervisors D. Home health care takes place in a hospital, rather in a long term care facility.

B. Home health aides may clean the home and do laundry.

When should elastic stockings be applied? A. During the night B. In the morning C. In the early afternoon D. Before going to bed at night

B. In the morning

A catheter that remains in the bladder for a period of time is called a (n) A. Straight catheter B. Indwelling catheter C. Condom catheter D. Texas catheter

B. Indwelling catheter

______ gives blood it's red color. A.lymph B. Iron C. B12 D. Plasma

B. Iron

Assisted living facilities are usually for A. Residents who need around the clock intensive care B. Residents who are generally independent and do not need skilled care C. Residents who will die within 6 months D. Residents who require acute care

B. Residents who are generally independent and do not need skilled care.

When a resident has a colostomy, stool will generally be A. Hard B. Semisolid C. Liquid D. Black

B. Semisolid

What is the first thing that happens when a report of CNA abuse has been made? A. The CNA is fired B. The CNA is suspended C. The CNA is taken into custody D. The CNA is transferred to another facility until the investigation is completed.

B. The CNA is suspended

Which or the following statements is true if a hearing aid? A. A hearing aid should be soaked in warm water before cleaning B. The hearing aid should be turned off when it's not in use. C. The volume should be turned up just before inserting a hearing aid D. A hearing aid should remain in the ear when a person is showering

B. The hearing aid should be turned off when it is not in use.

Areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin are called bony prominences. An example of a bony prominence where pressure injuries are likely to occur is A. The hands B. The heels C. The forearms D. The eyes

B. The heels

What does palpate mean A. To listen to the body with a stethoscope B. To touch body parts to feel structures beneath the skin C. To massage the extremities D. To check body temperature

B. To touch body parts to feel structures beneath the skin

The best way that a nursing assistant can help a resident who has had a stroke is to A. Make sure the resident is constantly doing tasks in order to keep him energized B. Use short, simple sentences when communicating C. Stand on the residents stronger side when transferring him D. Remind the resident which is his "bad leg" and which is his "good leg" so that he does not get them confused

B. Use short, simple sentences when communicating

Plasma is made up of mostly A. Blood B. Water C. Lymph D. Marrow

B. Water

What is a common sign of hypothyroidism? A. Rapid heartbeat B. Weight gain C. High blood pressure D. Bulging eyes

B. Weight gain

What does the abbreviation PRN stand for? A. Every hour B. When needed C. Two times per day D. Immediately

B. When needed

Approximately how long after fluids are consumed should a CNA offer a resident a trip to the bathroom, bedpan, or urinal? A. 1 Hour B. 10 Minutes C. 30 Minutes D. 2 Hours

C. 30 Minutes

According to OBRA requirements, how many hours of training must CNA'S complete before being able to be employed? A. 30 hours B. 50 hours C. 75 hours D. 100 hours

C. 75 hours

A person recovering from a total hip replacement should not bend or flex the hip more than _____ degrees A. 30 B. 45 C. 90 D. 120

C. 90

The largest artery in the body is the A. Carotid B. Vena cava C. Aorta D. Thymus

C. Aorta

For a resident to be able to use a toilet, he must be able to A. Walk to the toilet without assistance B. Stand up without assistance C. Bear some weight on his legs D. Transfer himself from a wheelchair to the toilet without assistance

C. Bear some weight on his legs

To shampoo hair for a resident on a stretcher the nursing assistant should A. Transfer the resident to a bed B. Transfer the resident to a chair in-front of the sink C. Bring the stretcher to the sink and adjust the height of the stretcher D. Place a cup and a bucket full of warm water near the stretcher

C. Bring the stretcher to the sink and adjust the height of the stretcher

How often should nursing assistants help immobile residents to change position? A. Every 30 minutes B. Every hour C. Every 2 hours D. Twice per day

C. Every 2 hours

Elastic bandages should be wrapped in a _________ direction. A. Clean to dirty B. Front to back C. Far to near D. Intact to nonintact

C. Far to near

Which form of diabetes is most common? A. Prediabetes B. type 1 C. Type 2 D. Diabetes mellitus

C. Type 2

May be done when a resident has urinary retention

Catherized urine specimen

Crohn's disease

Causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed (red, sore, and swollen)

Alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or indirect contact

Communicable disease

Condition that occurs when the heart muscle fails to pump effectively, causing a variety of symptoms, including fatigue and the reduced ability to exercise or be active

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person

Contagious disease

Generally speaking, how long should warm or cold applications be applied? A. 5 Minutes B. 10 Minutes C. 15 Minutes D. 20 Minutes

D. 20 Minutes

The basic structural units of all organisms are called? A. Tissues B. Body systems C. Organs D. Cells

D. Cells