COG PSYCH EXAM 2 review questions

In the movie 50 first dates, Drew Barrymore has a difficulty in learning new information and forming new memories since the car accident, which is known as A. anterograde amnesia. B. retrograde amnesia. C. the primacy effect. D. the serial effect.

A. anterograde amnesia.

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects A. intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory. B. intact procedural memory but defective episodic memory. C. intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory. D. intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory

C. intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of memory. a) episodic b) implicit c) semantic d) procedural

a) episodic

When you're attempting to remember what you did last night, this would be an ________ memory task that taps into ________. a) explicit; episodic b) explicit; semantic c) implicit; episodic d) implicit; semantic

a) explicit; episodic

Memory for well-learned skills, like riding a bike, is termed a) procedural memory b) semantic memory c) episodic memory d) explicit memory

a) procedural memory

Implicit memory is tested by a) word-fragment completion b) recognition c) cued recall d) free recall

a) word-fragment completion

A task with the instructions Read the following words while repeating 'the, the, the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember would most likely be studying a. articulatory suppression. b. the visuospatial sketch pad. c. echoic memory. d. the central executive.

a. articulatory suppression.

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change, occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later. These results support the a. cognitive hypothesis. b. self-image hypothesis. c. narrative rehearsal hypothesis. d. autobiographical hypothesis.

a. cognitive hypothesis.

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is a. encoded. b. stored. c. retrieved. d. consolidated.

a. encoded.

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the area of the brain known as the _____ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory. a. prefrontal cortex b. amygdala c. hippocampus d. occipital lobe

a. prefrontal cortex

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the a. tendency of objects in the same category to become organized. b. effect of proactive interference. c. way objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually. d. way the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound during rehearsal.

a. tendency of objects in the same category to become organized.

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being a. the same as or resembling the priming stimulus. b. different from the priming stimulus. c. similar in meaning to the priming stimulus. d. different in meaning from the priming stimulus.

a. the same as or resembling the priming stimulus.

_______ memory is memory for personally experienced events, while ______ memory refers to knowledge about the world. a) Semantic; Episodic b) Episodic; Semantic c) Implicit; Explicit d) Explicit; Implicit

b) Episodic; Semantic

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970) found a dissociation on memory performance for amnesiacs and nonamnesiacs. This means that they found a) amnesiacs had better recognition of words than nonamnesiacs, but worse performance on word fragment completion b) amnesiacs had worse recognition of words than nonamnesiacs, but they performed the same on word fragment completion c) amnesiacs had better performance on explicit memory tests, but worse performance on implicit memory tests d ) amnesiacs had better performance on implicit memory tests, but the same performance as nonamnesiacs on explicit memory tests

b) amnesiacs had worse recognition of words than nonamnesiacs, but they performed the same on word fragment completion

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that a. short-term and long-term memory are the independent components of memory. b. information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds. c. information in short-term memory must be rehearsed to transfer into long-term memory. d. short-term memory has a limited capacity.

b. information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds.

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of a. the phonological similarity effect. b. short-term memory. c. the persistence of vision. d. the physiological approach to coding.

b. short-term memory.

Compared to the whole report technique, the partial report procedure involves a. a smaller stimulus set. b. a smaller response set. c. a smaller stimulus set and a smaller response set. d. a shorter rehearsal period.

b. a smaller response set.

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a _____ mindset. a. excited b. calm c. nervous d. sad

b. calm

Jocelyn is in an experiment where she is presented words representing categories. She is presented the word "furniture" in an earlier trial, which makes it easier for her later to recall the word "chair" because of the similarity of meaning. Jocelyn's memory enhancement for "chair" due to seeing the word "furniture" illustrates a. Short term memory. b. conceptual priming. c. Semantic memory. d. mental time travel.

b. conceptual priming.

Articulatory suppression does all of the following EXCEPT it a. reduces memory span. b. interferes with semantic coding. c. reduces the phonological similarity effect for reading words. d. eliminates the word-length effect.

b. interferes with semantic coding.

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to a. lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference. b. produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories. c. cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. d. lead to effective autobiographical memories.

b. produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories.

Multiple-choice exams can be memory tasks, which require that students employ primarily the memory process of a. recall. b. recognition. c. access. d. production

b. recognition.

Loss of memory for things that have happened in the past is known as a. anterograde amnesia. b. retrograde amnesia. c. the primacy effect. d. the serial effect.

b. retrograde amnesia.

Suppose you're on the phone with a customer support representative who gives you a ticket number for your records. You're later transferred to a different representative who asks for your ticket number, but you've forgotten it. This probably occurred because the number was only temporarily stored in your a. sensory memory. b. short-term memory. c. long-term memory. d. episodic memory.

b. short-term memory.

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true a. only when we are aware we've seen them before. b. simply because we have been exposed to them before. c. only when we agree with them. d. unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false.

b. simply because we have been exposed to them before.

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if a. the person remembering generates their own retrieval cues. b. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task. c. there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material. d. imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into long-term memory.

b. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.

Memory tests that assess how experiences and events have an influence on our behavior without consciously being recalled are termed a) recognition tests b) recall tests c) implicit memory tests d) explicit memory tests

c) implicit memory tests

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall? a. Retiring from work at age 40 b. Marrying at age 60 c. Graduating from college at age 22 d. Having a child at age 45

c. Graduating from college at age 22

Last month, Roger got drunk and misplaced his glasses. He couldn't find them until today when he came home slightly inebriated and remembered exactly where he had put them. The fact that he was able to find them after drinking, but not while he was sober demonstrates? a. Context-dependent memory b. Episodic memory c. State-dependent memory d. Explicit memory

c. State-dependent memory

___________ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale. a. Remote b. Standard c. Systems d. Synaptic

c. Systems

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that a. it always leads to episodic memory for events. b. it is enhanced by the self-reference effect. c. people are not conscious they are using it. d. people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.

c. people are not conscious they are using it.

If a person has a digit span of two, this indicates that he has __________ memory. a. Poor sensory b. normal sensory c. poor short-term d. normal short-term.

c. poor short-term

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is a. strongly active for both new memories as they are being consolidated and memories for events that occurred long ago and are already consolidated. b. strongly active for long-ago memories that are already consolidated but becomes less active when memories are first formed and being consolidated. c. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated. d. uninvolved in memory consolidation.

c. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

Memory enhancement due to conceptual priming is a result of a. the test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus. b. the test stimulus being different from the priming stimulus. c. the test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus. d. the test stimulus being different in meaning from the priming stimulus.

c. the test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus.

In the movie, Borne identity, Jason Borne had a hard time to remember who he was and what he had done prior to the brain injury. Therefore, he must be suffering from __________ amnesia which refers to an inability to recall events that occur before the trauma that causes the memory loss. a) Semantic b) Infantile c) Anterograde d) Retrograde

d) Retrograde

The research by Ericsson and colleagues (1980) examined the ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found that this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these strings of numbers. The significance of this finding was that a. experts show larger primacy and recency effects than beginners. b. knowledge in an area of expertise increases a person's digit span. c. expertise with some material reduces susceptibility to proactive interference with that material. d. chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.

d. chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.

Elementary school students in the United States are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for remembering the names of the Great Lakes (each letter in "HOMES" provides a first-letter cue for one of the lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of a. a self-reference effect. b. repetition priming. c. implicit memory. d. elaborative rehearsal.

d. elaborative rehearsal.

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that their ____ memory is spared, although their ________ is significantly impaired. a. declarative and procedure b. personal semantic and remote c. semantic and episodic d. implicit and explicit

d. implicit and explicit

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that __________ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable. a. trauma-based experiences b. family-centered challenges c. the freshman year d. transition points

d. transition points