cog psych quiz 1 2 4

What year is usually cited as the "birthday" of cognitive science?

1956

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely be identified by the filter?

A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

________________ is the process by which features such color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object.

Binding

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

Classical conditioning

Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to the study of cognition?

IP supports the principle of behaviorism that behavior is a stimulus-response relationship

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

Late selection

Action potentials occur in the

axon

The key structural components of neurons are

cell body, dendrites, and axon

Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net". These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be

continuous

The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as

divided attention

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

even deaf individuals process auditory information, even on a non-conscious level

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

firing rate of the action potentials

When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ______ areas.

high-saliency

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

it produces variable results from person to person

Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of

localization of function

by comparing g reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Danders interested the difference. in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of

meaning

The Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the _________ of words.

meaning

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called _________.

neural networks

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frame", divided attention was easier

once processing had become automatic

A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the ______ lobe.

parietal

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the-

participants were counting the number of ball passes

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

picket fence

Eppinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they,

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____________ attention.

selective

The example at the beginning of the book, in which Raphael talks to his friend on a cell phone on his way to class, was used to illustrate how

several different cognitive processes can take place at one time

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neurons 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ______ coding.

sparse

Which of the following are the two primary categories of models in cognitive psychology?

structural models and process models

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT (include true techniques as well)

the structure of individual neurons -areas of the brain activated during cognitive tasks -localization of brain activity in response to a specific stimulus -patterns of blood flow in the brain

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that

there are limits to the human ability to process information