Cognitive Psych Chapter 7

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect _____. a. a failure of memory consolidation b. disrupted long-term potentiation c. Korsakoff-s syndrome d. temporary post-traumatice stress disorder

a. a failure of memory consolidation

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forget what they wanted when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of _____. a. encoding specificity b. maintenance rehearsal c. the self-reference effect d. levels of processing theory

a. encoding specificity

The concept of reconsolidation is based on the _____ of retrieved memories. a. fragility b. classification c. potentiation d. emotionality

a. fragility

Research shows that _____ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material. a. highlighting b. making up questions about the material c. organization d. taking practice tests

a. highlighting

You have been studying for weeks for the LSAT exam. You love the idea of becoming a lawyer, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on comfortable clothes and study in a quiet room. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a(n) _____ mindset. a. relaxed b. excited c. neutral d. nervous

a. relaxed

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for _____ memories. a. remote b. recent c. emotional d. anterograde

a. remote

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding _____. a. specificity b. consolidation c. transcription d. priming

a. specificity

_____ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale. a. synaptic b. standard c. systems d. remote

c. systems

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if _____. a. the person remembering generates their own retrieval cues b. there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material c. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task d. imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into long-term memory

c. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task

Mantyla's "banana/yellow, bunches, edible" experiment demonstrates that for best memory performance, retrieval cues should be created _____. a. be agreement among many people, thus providing proof they are effective b. using visual images c. by a memory expert who understands what makes cues effective d. by the person who will be tested

d. by the person who will be tested

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words? a. deciding how many vowels each word has b. generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered c. repeating the words over and over in your mind d. making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

d. making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of _____ in long-term memory. a. mass practice b. long-term potentiation c. elaborative rehearsal d. retrieval cues

d. retrieval cues

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called _____. a. elaborative rehearsal b. personal semantic memory c. episodic-based processing d. transfer-appropriate processing

d. transfer-appropriate processing

You and your roommate are both taking the same biology class and you both have a test in three days during the 9-9:50 am class period. Each of you intends to study for three total hours, but because of different work schedules, your roommate will study for one hour for each of the next three days, while you will study for three hours the night before the exam. What could you predict about your respective performances on the upcoming biology exam? a. you will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect b. you and your roommate should perform equally well because you each studied for the same amount of time c. state-dependent learning predicts that your roommate should perform better because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period d. your roommate should perform better because of the spacing effect

d. your roommate should perform better because of the spacing effect

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is _____.

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated