Cognitive Psych Quiz 2: Chapter 2

30. Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to his A. Broca's area. B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) C. Extrastriate body area (EBA) D. Wernicke's area.

A. Broca's area.

31. Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal

A. Temporal

26. Which of the following do PET and fMRI have in common? A. The use of the subtraction technique B. The measurement of magnetic fields C. The use of radioactive tracers D. All of the above are characteristics of both PET and fMRI

A. The use of the subtraction technique

2. Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net." These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be A. continuous. B. composed of discrete individual units. C. composed of cell bodies, axons, and dendrites. D. composed of neurotransmitters rather than neurons.

A. continuous.

24. Brain imaging has made it possible to A. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes. B. view individual neurons in the brain. C. show how environmental energy is transformed into neural energy. D. view propagation of action potentials.

A. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes.

41. The pattern of feature detectors firing in response to a stimulus creates the _____ for representing what the stimulus is (e.g., a tree, a person, a ball, and so forth). A. neural code B. module C. event-related potential D. receptor

A. neural code

45. A grandmother cell responds A. only to a specific stimulus. B. to strong positive emotion. C. to both positive and negative emotion. D. to a variety of stimuli.

A. only to a specific stimulus.

20. A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe. A. parietal B. occipital C. frontal D. temporal

A. parietal

11. If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the _____ in the receptor's axon. A. rate of nerve firing B. size of the nerve impulses C. speed of nerve conduction D. all of these

A. rate of nerve firing

39. The layer of neurons that lines the back of the eye is called the A. retina. B. grandmother cell. C. reference electrode. D. feature detector.

A. retina.

17. The occipital lobe is A. the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received. B. important for language, memory, hearing, and vision. C. important for higher functions such as language, thought, and memory, as well as motor functioning. D. where signals are received from the sensory system for touch.

A. the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received.

13. Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another? A. The end of one neuron makes direct contact with the receiving end of another neuron. B. A chemical process takes place at the synapse. C. An electrical process takes place in the receptors. D. Action potentials travel across the synapse.

B. A chemical process takes place at the synapse.

28. Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage? A. Fusiform face area (FFA) B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) C. Extrastriate body area (EBA) D. Functional magnetic area (FMA)

B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

46. When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes the same three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the least and neuron 3 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding. A. specificity B. distributed C. convergence D. divergence

B. distributed

37. The idea that specific functions are processed in many parts of the brain is known as A. localization of function. B. distributed processing. C. modularity. D. aphasia.

B. distributed processing.

40. Neurons that respond to features that make up objects are called A. retinal cells. B. feature detectors. C. dendrites. D. receptors.

B. feature detectors.

18. The _____ lobe of the cortex serves higher functions such as language, thought, and memory. A. subcortical B. frontal C. occipital D. parietal

B. frontal

10. An oscilloscope can display "spikes" that correspond to nerve impulses in response to a certain stimulus intensity. If the stimulus intensity is decreased, you are likely to observe spikes that are A. less frequent and smaller in size. B. less frequent and of the same size. C. as frequent and smaller in size. D. the same signal as with the higher stimulus intensity.

B. less frequent and of the same size.

32. Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for A. distributed processing. B. localization of function. C. prosopagnosia. D. neural net theory.

B. localization of function.

44. The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with A. distributed coding. B. specificity coding. C. subtraction techniques. D. primary receiving areas.

B. specificity coding.

29. Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing? A. Fusiform face area (FFA) B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) C. Extrastriate body area (EBA) D. Functional magnetic area (FMA)

C. Extrastriate body area (EBA)

9. Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment? A. Positron emission tomography scanner B. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner C. Microelectrode D. Neurotransmitter

C. Microelectrode

22. There are many methods for studying the physiology of the brain. ________ is the technique involving subtraction whereby brain activity is compared between baseline and stimulation measurements. A. Convergence B. Single unit recording C. Positron emission tomography D. Mental chronometry

C. Positron emission tomography

21. Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes which of the following tools? A. Disc electrode B. Microelectrode C. Radioactive tracer D. Hemoglobin

C. Radioactive tracer

50. Shinkareva et al. (2008) conducted research that revealed A. the existence of feature detectors. B. the distinction between form and meaning in language. C. a computer could fairly accurately predict what category of object one was viewing. D. strong support for specificity coding.

C. a computer could fairly accurately predict what category of object one was viewing.

48. A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of A. a feature detector that fires specifically to that face. B. a group of neurons that all respond only to that face. C. a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces. D. a receptor in the retina that responds when the face is present

C. a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.

7. Neural circuits are groups of interconnected neurons that A. have only excitatory synapses. B. have only inhibitory synapses. C. can result in a neuron that responds best to a specific stimulus. D. are primarily responsible for automatic behaviors, like reflexes.

C. can result in a neuron that responds best to a specific stimulus.

4. The key structural components of neurons are A. cell body, dendrites, and transmitters. B. axon, dendrites, and modules. C. cell body, dendrites, and axon. D. transmitters, dendrites, and axon.

C. cell body, dendrites, and axon.

The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as A. cognitive psychology. B. neuroscience. C. cognitive neuroscience. D. neuropsychology.

C. cognitive neuroscience.

38. You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed A. in one localized area of the brain. B. by the grandmother cells in the brain. C. in different parts of the brain. D. through fMRI potentials.

C. in different parts of the brain.

33. Recent research on language has modified our earlier understanding of Broca's aphasia such that it is now understood as a problem in A. language production but not understanding. B. language production but not meaning. C. language form but not meaning. D. language meaning but not form.

C. language form but not meaning.

15. Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of A. cortical association. B. dissociation. C. localization of function. D. the information processing approach.

C. localization of function.

34. Compared to brain-imaging techniques, ERP occurs on a A. much slower time scale. B. similar time scale. C. much faster time scale. D. more precise scale for understanding which brain structures are active.

C. much faster time scale.

27. The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with A. Broca's aphasia. B. Wernicke's aphasia. C. prosopagnosia. D. Alzheimer's disease.

C. prosopagnosia.

49. Most cognitive psychologists _____ the notion of a grandmother cell. A. accept B. are uncertain about C. reject D. are actively investigating

C. reject

23. Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT A. areas of the brain activated during cognitive tasks. B. localization of brain activity in response to a specific stimulus. C. the structure of individual neurons. D. patterns of blood flow in the brain.

C. the structure of individual neurons.

14. Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? A. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions. B. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. C. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. D. All of these

D. All of these

5. Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons? A. Cell body B. Dendrite C. Receptor D. Axon

D. Axon

36. Research using the ERP method shows that damage to the frontal lobes reduces the larger _____response that occurs when the form of a sentence is incorrect. A. N100 B. N400 C. P300 D. P600

D. P600

19. Which part of the brain is important for touch? A. Occipital lobe B. Hippocampus C. Temporal lobe D. Parietal lobe

D. Parietal lobe

8. Action potentials occur in the A. cell body. B. synapse. C. neurotransmitters. D. axon.

D. axon.

12. When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the A. size of the action potentials. B. size of the synapse. C. firing rate of the neurotransmitters. D. firing rate of the action potentials.

D. firing rate of the action potentials.

3. The neuron doctrine is A. in agreement with nerve net theory. B. unrelated to nerve net theory. C. synonymous with nerve net theory. D. in disagreement with nerve net theory.

D. in disagreement with nerve net theory.

25. Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity A. gain some of the ferrous molecules they are transporting. B. lose some of the ferrous molecules they are transporting. C. gain some of the oxygen they are transporting. D. lose some of the oxygen they are transporting.

D. lose some of the oxygen they are transporting.

47. The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of A. microelectrodes. B. stimuli. C. modalities. D. neurons.

D. neurons.

43. If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a A. brick wall. B. chain link fence. C. solid wall. D. picket fence.

D. picket fence.

42. The way patterns of neural firing represent a specific stimulus or experience is known as A. the action potential. B. a propagated signal. C. convergence. D. the neural code.

D. the neural code.

6. A synapse is A. a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals. B. the structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive. C. the structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons. D. the space between neurons.

D. the space between neurons.

35. In ERP methodology, the number that follows the N or the P (N400 or P300, for example) stands for A. the positivity or negativity of the response. B. how likely the response is, with higher numbers indicating a more likely response. C. how strong the response is in millimeters on the reading. D. the time at which the response peaks in milliseconds.

D. the time at which the response peaks in milliseconds.

16. The temporal lobe is A. the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received. B. important for language, memory, hearing, and vision. C. important for higher functions such as language, thought, and memory, as well as motor functioning. D. where signals are received from the auditory system.

D. where signals are received from the auditory system.

Which of the following procedures can be used to help determine the exact way in which nerve fibers communicate with each other?

DTI

Your author points out that studying the mind requires both ________ and ________ experiments.

behavioral; physiological

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called ________.

neural networks