Cognitive Psychology- Ch. 1 Practice Questions

Which is NOT an example of a technique that records information from the brain?

Neuropsychology

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Tolman

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated, they were engaged in a

choice reaction time task.

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their computer program

created proofs for problems in logic.

The main point of the Donders's reaction time experiments was to

measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

Because he used behavior to infer mental processes

A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli is known as

analytic introspection.

According to Ebbinghaus's research on memory, savings is a function of

elapsed time.

Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

Wundt's approach, which dominated psychology in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was known as

structuralism.

Which of the following is an example of artificial intelligence?

A virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?

All options are cognitive processes

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Analytic introspection

What is the study of mental processes that includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates?

Cognitive psychology

Consider the following definition of the mind: The mind is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals. Which element of the mind does this definition emphasize?

Functioning and survival

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person.

Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context?

Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that

there are limits to the human ability to process information.

How is the term mind used in this statement: "When he talks about his encounter with aliens, it sounds like he is out of his mind"?

The mind as a healthy mind being associated with normal functioning, a nonfunctioning mind with abnormal functioning.

How is the term mind used in this statement: "If you put your mind to it, I'm sure you can solve that math problem"?

The mind as problem solver

Who founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by

an inborn biological program.

A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)

cognitive map.

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called

cognitive psychology.

The relationship between the ____________ is NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists.

cognitive task and the mental response

Donders's main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study

decision making.

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior.

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus.

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior.

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

operant conditioning.

Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ____________ increases the frequency of behavior.

positive reinforcers

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a

simple reaction time task.