Cognitive Psychology Ch. 3 pre-class quiz

Good figure

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law?

top-down processing

"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S. Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of ____.

decreased; increased

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _______ response to faces and an _________ response to Greebles.

your prior knowledge

In the "finding faces in a landscape" demonstration in your text, once you perceive a particular grouping of rocks as a face, it is often difficult not to perceive them this way. This is due to ____.

top-down processing

Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by _____.

oblique effect

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the ____.

Experiencing neuromodulation

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter?

object discrimination

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing?

the faces are viewed from an angle.

Computer programs have been designed that can recognize matching human faces with the same accuracy as a human being, but the computer loses its efficiency at this process when _____.

object discrimination problem

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the _____ more difficult.

it can be very difficult to distinguish one item from another when it there is overlap between the two

During a professional baseball game, a long fly ball is hit down the first base line toward the foul ball pole. If it goes to the right of the pole it will be a foul ball, and if it goes to the left it will be a home run. The umpire making this call will have the most difficulty making the judgment because _____.

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

perception

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called ____.

the light-from-above heuristic

The "textured wall" example from your text illustrates ____.

semantic regularities

The demonstration in your text that asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of _____ in those scenes.

brain ablation

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as ______.

Parietal

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____ lobe.

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received.

The likelihood principle states that _____.

Pragnaz

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of ____.

where pathway

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the _____.

what pathway

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the ____.

what; where

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.

Perceptual organization

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of ____.

an effect of experience-dependent plasticity.

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate _____.

bottom-up

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing.

Inverse projection problem

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the ____.

7

To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling at a rate of ____ miles per hour.

Speech segmentation

When Carlos moved to the U.S., he did not understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi And I Scream Class Hick" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic." This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ____ in English.

Similarity

When you listen to someone speaking a foreign language with which you are unfamiliar, the words may all seem to sound the same. You may find yourself wondering how those speakers are communicating when they are using the same words over and over again. The Gestalt law that is affecting you here is the law of ______.

Speech segmentation

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing?

We want to understand how elements are added up to create sensations

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists?

similarity

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of _____.

Good continuation

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of _______.