Cognitive Psychology: Chapter 3

Which of the following statements is most consistent with recognition-by-components theory?

Humans can identify an object if sufficient information is available to enable us to identify an object's basic features.

Some neurons respond when we watch someone else do something. These are known as:

Mirror neurons

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called

Neuropsychology

The "indentations in the sand / bumps in the sand" example from your text illustrates:

the light-from-above heuristic.

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception.

Context

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) ________ response to faces and an ________ response to Greebles.

Decreased, increased

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

Good continuation

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by

Helmholtz

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

Oblique Effect

The theory of unconscious inference includes the:

Oblique Effect

Speech segmentation is defined as

Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called

Perception

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of

Pragnanz

The demonstration in your text that asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of __________ in those scenes.

Semantic Regularities

In the text's "animal lurking behind a tree / two oddly shaped tree stumps" example, which Gestalt law did NOT contribute to the incorrect perception?

Simplicity

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?

Simplicity

When Carlos moved to the U.S, he did not understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi And I Scream Class Hick" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic". This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable for _____ in English.

Speech Segmentation

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top- down processing

Speech segmentation

"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S. Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of:

Top down processing

Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk". Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by

Top-down processing

Which statement best summaries the focus of the Gestalt psychologists?

We want to understand how elements are added up to create sensations

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.

What; where

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the

Where pathway

In the "finding faces in a landscape" demonstration in your text, once you perceive a particular grouping of rocks as a face, it is often difficult not to perceive them this way. This is due to:

Your prior knowledge

A difference between a heuristic and an algorithm is:

heuristics do not result in a correct solution every time as algorithms do.

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the ________ more difficult.

object discrimination problem