Cold War Foreign Policy and Cold War at Home

"Eisenhower Sends U.S. Troops to Protect Lebanon"; "Kennedy Places Quarantine on Shipment of Soviet Missiles to Cuba"; "Johnson Increases U.S. Troop Strength in Vietnam by 125,000" Which statement about the Cold War is illustrated by these headlines? 1.Rivalries between the superpowers often involved conflicts in other nations. 2.United States military support was most often deployed in Europe. 3.Communist forces were frequently victorious in Asia. 4.Summit talks frequently succeeded in limiting international tensions.

Correct Answer Number: 1

A common purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Eisenhower Doctrine was to 1.carry out the United States policy of preventing the spread ofcommunism 2.insure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa andAsia 3.limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons 4.provide medical aid to LatinAmerican nations Explanation: The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments. The Eisenhower Doctrine pledged assistance to any Middle Eastern nation who was fighting a communist insurgency. All three of these serve to exemplify the US policy of containment towards communism.

Correct Answer Number: 1

A governmental action that was consistent with the Cold War mentality was the 1.establishment of loyalty reviews of government employees 2.reduction in military defense spending 3.elimination of the Central Intelligence Agency 4.adoption of the GI Bill of Rights Explanation: In 1947 President Harry S. Truman ordered a Loyalty Review Board to investigate conduct of thousands of government employees. This further fueled speculation and accusation that communist sympathizers were infiltrating the US government. The case of Alger Hiss, a former advisor to FDR convicted in 1948 of spying for the Soviets in the 1930's only helped to add to the fears. These fears would explode into the hysteria of the "red scare" which would grip the nation in the early 1950's.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Both the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba (1961) and the invasion of Panama (1989) are examples of United States attempts to 1.eliminate unfriendly governments geographically close to the United States 2.cultivate good relations with Latin American nations 3.stop the drug trade 4.end the Cold War Explanation: Concepts such as the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904), have given the US a greater involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations. The US backed, failed attempt to unseat Fidel Castro as leader of Cuba in the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion and the arrest of convicted drug trafficker and Panamanian President Manuel Noriega, illustrated this on-going involvement.

Correct Answer Number: 1

In a farewell message to the American public, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of the growth of the "military-industrial complex." This term refers to the 1.influence of defense contractors on Congress 2.threat from the Soviet Army 3.internal danger from Communist spies 4.economy's dependence on oil imported from the Middle East Explanation: As the Cold War deepened in the 1950's, the US government began to spend a greater and greater percentage of the budget on defense. This spending grew the defense industry (and such companies as Hughes Electronics, Lockheed and General Electric) into the largest sector of the US economy. Along with the growth in spending came an increase in the power and influence of the defense contractors in Washington, D.C..

Correct Answer Number: 1

In the 1950's, Senator Joseph McCarthy was most closely associated with issues related to 1.Communist infiltration and the denial of civil liberties 2.farm problems and taxation 3.military preparedness and foreign aid 4.collective bargaining and the rights of unions Explanation: As head of the House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the US Senate, Joe McCarthy became the leader of anti-communist crusade the lasted years and ruined the lives and reputations of thousands of Americans. McCarthy espoused the belief that communist agents were infiltrating the highest levels of American government and plotting its overthrow. The resulting hysteria or "red scare" that surrounded the accusations resulted in the discrediting and "blacklisting" of thousands o innocent Americans who found themselves labeled communists or communist sympathizers.

Correct Answer Number: 1

In the Truman Doctrine, President Harry Truman pledged to 1.support Greece in its fight against communist aggression 2.fight hunger in Africa and Asia 3.strengthen the United States nuclear arsenal 4.reject a policy of containment

Correct Answer Number: 1

President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to 1.remove a communist dictator from power 2.stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United States 3.support Fidel Castro's efforts for reform 4.rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters

Correct Answer Number: 1

The Korean War and the Persian Gulf War were similar in that both 1.represented United Nations efforts to assist nations in repelling aggressors 2.involved unilateral military action by the United States 3.were military defeats for the United Nations 4.brought about lasting solutions to problems in each region Explanation: In the case of Korea, the conflict was a 'police action' carried out by the United Nations to repel the invasion of South Korea by the communist North Korea. In the Gulf War, the UN responded to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with a international force intent on repelling the aggressor. Both conflicts serve as examples of the UN's ability to compile multinational forces for the purpose of maintaining peace and regional stability.

Correct Answer Number: 1

The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide 1.support to developing nations of the world 2.job training for the unemployed 3.markets for consumer goods 4.teachers for inner-city areas

Correct Answer Number: 1

The cartoonist is commenting on which Cold War foreign policy? 1.détente 2.brinkmanship 3.the domino theory 4.collective security Explanation:

Correct Answer Number: 1

The primary purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) is to 1.limit Presidential power to send troops into combat 2.allow for a quicker response to a military attack 3.assure adequate defense of the Western Hemisphere 4.stop the use of troops for nonmilitary purposes Explanation: In both the Korean and Vietnam 'conflicts' no formal declaration of war by the US Congress was given. In the case of Korea, the conflict was a 'police action' carried out by the United Nations. In the case of Vietnam, the issuance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) gave then president Lyndon Johnson nearly unlimited power to "repel any armed attack against the United States and to prevent further aggression". In reaction to both of these conflicts, Congress passed the War Powers Act in 1973 which calls for the president as Commander-in-Chief to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops and to end such a conflict after 60 days, unless approved by Congress.

Correct Answer Number: 1

The successful launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 signaled the beginning of 1.American fears that the Soviets had achieved technological superiority 2.the Cold War with the United States 3.Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and China 4.disarmament discussions between the superpowers Explanation: The "Space Race" began in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the first manmade satellite, Sputnik. The American government and the American people feared that control of space determine the winner in the cold war. The tension created by the cold war, along with the perceived technology gap, led the United States to pour billions of dollars into the development of a space program (NASA). The space race culminated with the quest for the moon, promised by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 and coming to fruition with Neil Armstrong's "giant leap for mankind" in 1969.

Correct Answer Number: 1

What was one similarity between the Red Scare following World War I and the Cold War following World War II? 1.Fear of communism led to the suppression of the civil liberties of some Americans. 2.Large numbers of Russian revolutionaries set-tled in the United States. 3.Congressional investigations proved that the Federal Government was heavily infiltrated by Communist spies. 4.Renewed fighting between wartime enemies was a constant threat. Explanation: During the 1920's the Palmer Raids on headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were conducted without warrants or probable cause. Over 4,000 people were arrested and held without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were unlawfully deported. During the 1950's the policy of "blacklisting" resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Which development is most closely associated with the belief in the domino theory? 1.military involvement in Vietnam 2.construction of the Berlin Wall 3.signing of the nuclear test ban treaty 4.end of the Korean War

Correct Answer Number: 1

Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War? 1.The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe 2.United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action. 3.The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared or undeclared. 4.United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends. Explanation: The concept of containment was one in which the US government exercised a foreign policy that aimed to halt the spread of communism. In Southeast Asia, this policy was also coupled with the 'Domino Theory', which held that stopping the spread of communism into one small nation (like South Korea or Vietnam) was essential in preventing a domino effect that would cause all other nations in the region to also fall under communist domination.

Correct Answer Number: 1

". . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty." .Which conclusion is best supported by this quotation from the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy in 1961? 1.The Cold War was over, and the Soviet Union was beginning to unravel. 2.President Kennedy was encouraging a very strong presence in foreign policy in the post-World War II period. 3.Compromise and appeasement were the best avenues to world peace. 4.President Kennedy understood the limitations of power, even for a strong nation like the United States Explanation: The United States prior to World War II, followed mostly a policy of neutrality and nonintervention. Following the war, the United States and the nations of Western Europe formed the collective security arrangement NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) as a method of stopping the spread of communism and the US was a leader in the creation of the United Nation. Both these organizations changed the direction of US foreign policy and called on the US to take a much more active role on the world stage.

Correct Answer Number: 2

"Batista Driven from Power" "Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails" "U-2 Planes Reveal Soviet Missiles" These headlines refer to the relationship between the United States and 1.Canada 2.Cuba 3.Mexico 4.Panama

Correct Answer Number: 2

Shortly after World War II, the cold war developed mainly as a result of the 1.United States refusal to send economic aid to European nations 2.Soviet domination of Eastern Europe 3.competition between the superpowers to explore outer space 4.continuation of the pre-World War II balance of power Explanation: At the end of World War II the Soviet Union did not withdraw from the Eastern European nations that it had liberated from German control. Instead, the USSR set up communist governments in these nations, who were directly under the domination and control of Moscow. The US and Western European governments feared the USSR would attempt to expand the 'Iron Curtain' of communism further. The resulting fear, mistrust and confrontation, gave birth to the nearly 50 year long Cold War.

Correct Answer Number: 2

The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States foreign policies concerning 1.the international balance of payments 2.the containment of communism 3.world-wide environmental pollution 4.nuclear disarmament Explanation: The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Eisenhower Doctrine pledged assistance to any Middle Eastern nation who was fighting a communist insurgency. All three of these serve to exemplify the US policy of containment towards communism.

Correct Answer Number: 2

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with the 1.national debt 2.spread of communism 3.President's political opposition 4.arms race Explanation: The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Throughout United States history, the most important aim of the country's foreign policy has been 1.participation in international organizations 2.advancement of national self interest 3.containment of communism 4.development of military alliances Explanation: The foreign policies followed the United States have always tended towards the preservation of our own interests, at home and abroad. This has been true as far back as the presidency of George Washington. In his farewell address George Washington warned the fledgling America to stay clear of "entangling alliances" with the Europeans, but to continue economic ties with the continent. This served US interests by keeping us from being caught in a European conflict, while maintaining economic interests with all nations. Even the Marshall Plan, which sought to halt the spread of communism via economic aid to struggling European nations following WWII, had the economic side-effect of increasing US trade to Europe as their economies recovered. It is clear that US foreign policies are generally linked with both to ideology as well as economics.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Which development led to the other three? 1.The United States government increased funding for science and math education. 2.The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite. 3.A joint Soviet-American space mission was announced. 4.President John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Which situation resulted from Senator Joseph McCarthy's search for Communists within the United States during the 1950's? 1.Thousands of American citizens who believed in communism were either jailed or deported. 2.The reputations of many people were ruined by false accusations of disloyalty 3.Many high-ranking government officials were exposed as spies of the Soviet Union. 4.Organized groups of Communists began a wave of violent political terrorism. Explanation: During the 1950's the policy of "blacklisting" resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

Correct Answer Number: 2

A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict was the 1.right to regulate commerce with foreign nations 2.use of deficit spending to finance wars 3.lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress 4.Supreme Court's role in foreign policy decision-making Explanation: In both the Korean and Vietnam 'conflicts' no formal declaration of war by the US Congress was given. In the case of Korea, the conflict was a 'police action' carried out by the United Nations. In the case of Vietnam, the issuance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) gave then president Lyndon Johnson nearly unlimited power to "repel any armed attack against the United States and to prevent further aggression". In reaction to both of these conflicts, Congress passed the War Powers Act in 1973 which calls for the president as Commander-in-Chief to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops and to end such a conflict after 60 days, unless approved by Congress.

Correct Answer Number: 3

A major long-term effect of the Vietnam War has been 1.an end to communist governments in Asia 2.a change in United States foreign policy from containment to imperialism 3.a reluctance to commit United States troops for extended military action abroad 4.a continued boycott of trade with Asia Explanation: The US experience in Vietnam was one that left lasting changes to society's expectations and tolerance for war. The widespread protests against the Vietnam conflict, fueled by video and images of the conflict on the nightly news, left an indelible mark. As a result, the US has been reluctant to send troops into a ground conflict. The US military has instead increased its capacity to make war from the air and from a distance. Developments such as the stealth fighter, stealth bomber and long-range cruise missiles have taken over the roles once filled by American fighting men on the front lines. The nearly all long distance air wars in the Persian Gulf and Kosovo serve as examples of this new approach to combat.

Correct Answer Number: 3

After World War II, the United States departed most sharply from its traditional foreign policy when it 1.stopped foreign-aid programs 2.sponsored disarmament treaties 3.organized global systems of alliances 4.recognized revolutionary governments Explanation: The United States prior to World War II, followed mostly a policy of neutrality and nonintervention. Following the war, the United States and the nations of Western Europe formed the collective security arrangement NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) as a method of stopping the spread of communism and the US was a leader in the creation of the United Nation. Both these organizations changed the direction of US foreign policy and called on the US to take a much more active role on the world stage.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cold War Foreign Policy: Question 3 of 42 The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. The Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict were attempts to carry out the foreign policy described by Speaker 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D Explanation: Speaker C is describing the main idea behind the US policy of containment. The concept of containment was one in which the US government exercised a foreign policy that aimed to halt the spread of communism. Actions such as the Marshall Plan's aid to European economies after WWII, the Truman Doctrine's aid to Greece and Turkey as well as the Korean and Vietnam wars referenced above, all serve as examples of this policy in action.

Correct Answer Number: 3

During the Korean War, what was the main reason that President Harry Truman dismissed General Douglas MacArthur as commander of the United States troops? 1.The United States had suffered many severe military losses. 2.Congress refused to appropriate any more money to support the war. 3.President Truman believed that General MacArthur's conduct threatened the concept of civilian control over the military 4.General MacArthur disobeyed President Truman by deciding to stop fighting the war. Explanation: During the Korean War, General Douglass MacArthur led UN forces against the communist North Korean aggressors. He was also an outspoken critic of the conduct of the war and the leadership of President Harry S. Truman as Commander-in-Chief. After MacArthur openly defied a direct order from Truman concerning the pursuit of North Korean forces into Chinese held territory, Truman fired MacArthur. The firing serves as a classic example of civilian control over the military, as the president in his role as Commander-in-Chief is an elected, civilian official, not a member of the armed forces.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Issuing the Truman Doctrine, defending South Korea, and sending military advisors to Vietnam were actions taken by the United States to 1.encourage membership in the United Nations 2.promote American business in Asia 3.limit the spread of communism 4.gain additional overseas colonies

Correct Answer Number: 3

Most Americans who opposed sending United States troops to fight in the Vietnam War believed that 1.nuclear weapons should be used to end the war 2.the war should be extended into China 3.the United States should not police the world 4.international trade would be interrupted Explanation: Many of the protestors opposed to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict believed the United States was overstepping its role by involving itself in Vietnam's internal struggles. Many disagreed with the government's assertion of the domino theory and believed that is was not the US's role to play "policeman".

Correct Answer Number: 3

One similarity between the Korean War and the Persian Gulf War is that in each conflict the 1.United States attempted to limit traffic through the Suez Canal 2.sentimet of the American public turned against the conflict 3.United Nations took action to halt the aggression 4.dictators of North Korea and Iraq were removed from office Explanation: In the case of Korea, the conflict was a 'police action' carried out by the United Nations to repel the invasion of South Korea by the communist North Korea. In the Gulf War, the UN responded to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with a international force intent on repelling the aggressor. Both conflicts serve as examples of the UN's ability to compile multinational forces for the purpose of maintaining peace and regional stability.

Correct Answer Number: 3

The primary purpose of President Richard Nixon's policy of détente was to 1.expand United States military involvement in Southeast Asia 2.assure an adequate supply of oil from the Middle East 3.ease tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union 4.maintain a favorable balance of trade with China

Correct Answer Number: 3

The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. Which speakers would most likely support a United States foreign policy of intervention 1.A and B 2.A and C 3.C and D 4.B and D Explanation: An interventionist foreign policy called for the United States to be actively involved in the affairs of other nations. Speaker C speaks of containment, which would be exemplified by actions such as the Korean and Vietnam wars. Speaker D seems to speak of imperialism, such as the US takeover of the Philippines at the turn of the 20th century. Both of these policies show a link to the idea of intervention in the affairs of foreign nations.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Which action was taken by the United States government to help Europe's economic recovery after World War II? 1.forming the Alliance for Progress 2.sending troops to Turkey 3.creating the Marshall Plan 4.joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Correct Answer Number: 3

Which event led directly to the end of the cold war? 1.reunification of Germany 2.formation of the European Union 3.breakup of the Soviet Union 4.creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Correct Answer Number: 3

"An attack on one shall be considered an attack on all." This statement summarizes the foreign policy known a 1.colonialism 2.nonalignment 3.appeasement 4.collective security Explanation: The concept of collective security is best summarized by the statement provided; "An attack on one shall be considered an attack on all.". Collective security became a goal following WWII. Following the war, the United States and the nations of Western Europe formed the collective security arrangement NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) as a method of stopping the spread of communism. The collective security arrangement means that even the smallest nation in NATO not fear invasion by communist forces, as to do so would mean a war with all NATO members. The US is a member of several other collective security arrangements such as SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization).

Correct Answer Number: 4

"Many foreign peoples, in Europe at least, are . . . frightened by experiences of the past and are less interested in . . . freedom than in security . They are seeking guidance rather than responsibilities. We should be better able than the Russians to give them this. And unless we do, the Russians certainly will." This advice to President Harry Truman helped influence Truman's decision to 1.drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2.end segregation in the Armed Forces 3.deport any person suspected of being a Communist 4.develop the Marshall Plan Explanation: The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments.

Correct Answer Number: 4

"Those of us who shout the loudest about Americanism in making character assassinations are all too frequently those who, by our own words and acts, ignore some of the basic principles of Americanism." -Senator Margaret Chase Smith, 1950 1.This criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his supporters suggests that 2.Senator McCarthy did not do enough to protect the nation from a Communist conspiracy the tactics of Senator McCarthy were necessary to protect the basic principles of democracy 3.free speech must be limited in times of national crisis 4.Senator McCarthy was a greater threat to the nation than Communist sympathizers were Explanation: As head of the House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the US Senate, Joe McCarthy became the leader of anti-communist crusade the lasted years and ruined the lives and reputations of thousands of Americans. McCarthy espoused the belief that communist agents were infiltrating the highest levels of American government and plotting its overthrow. The resulting hysteria or "red scare" that surrounded the accusations resulted in the discrediting and "blacklisting" of thousands o innocent Americans who found themselves labeled communists or communist sympathizers. The quote implies that the very nature of the red scare, baseless accusations, lack of evidence and no due process, were at their very nature a violation of the American way.

Correct Answer Number: 4

A similarity between the Red Scare of the 1920's and McCarthyism in the 1950's was that during each period 1.thousands of American citizens were expelled from the United States 2.the Communist Party gained many members in the United States 3..many government employees were convicted of giving secrets to the Soviet Union 4.the civil liberties of American citizens were threatened Explanation: During the Palmer Raids of the 1920's the headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were raided with out warrants. Also, 4,000+ people were arrested and help without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were deported. During the 1950's the policy of "blacklisting" resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without cause.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Cold War Foreign Policy: Question 33 of 42 One reason for the creation of the Peace Corps by President John F. Kennedy was to 1.stop the spread of AIDS in Africa and Asia 2.gain control of territory in Latin America 3.provide workers for industrial nations 4.give support to developing nations

Correct Answer Number: 4

During the Cold War Era, the easing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in 1.the organization of the Warsaw Pact 2.the invasion of Hungary and Czechoslovakia 3.the Berlin Airlift 4.a treaty banning nuclear tests Explanation: During the 1970's, mostly under the leadership of President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, there occurred a 'warming' of the Cold War also called détente. The result of improved relations with the Soviet Union was a series of agreements designed to limited arms and nuclear proliferation. Examples include the SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Agreement which established limits on the numbers of offensive weapons and the ABM (Antiballistic Missile Treaty) which banned space based weapons and limited defensive missile development as to avert another potential 'arms race'.

Correct Answer Number: 4

From the end of World War II until the 1980's, the United States carried out its foreign policy mainly by 1.giving in to foreign demands 2.avoiding any situation that might involve the nation in a conflict 3.acting forcefully to obtain and control colonies 4.taking a variety of actions to prevent the spread of communism Explanation: At the end of World War II the Soviet Union did not withdraw from the Eastern European nations that it had liberated from German control. Instead, the USSR set up communist governments in these nations, who were directly under the domination and control of Moscow. The US and Western European governments feared the USSR would attempt to expand the 'Iron Curtain' of communism further. The resulting fear, mistrust and confrontation, gave birth to the nearly 50 year long Cold War. The main policy towards communism at this time was one of containment, in which the US government exercised a foreign policy that aimed to halt the spread of communism. Actions such as the Marshall Plan's aid to European economies after WWII, the Truman Doctrine's aid to Greece and Turkey as well as the Korean and Vietnam wars referenced above, all serve as examples of this policy in action.

Correct Answer Number: 4

In the United States, the Red Scare of 1919 and the McCarthy Era of the early 1950's were periods of 1.severe economic depression 2.widespread support for groups promoting international anarchy 3.great growth in art, literature, and music 4.persecution of people suspected of holding anti-American political views Explanation: During the 1920's the Palmer Raids on headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were conducted without warrants or probable cause. Over 4,000 people were arrested and held without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were unlawfully deported. During the 1950's the policy of "blacklisting" resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

Correct Answer Number: 4

In the years just after World War II, the United States attempted to prevent the spread of communism in Europe mainly by 1.taking over the governments of several Western European nations 2.increasing opportunities for political refugees to settle in the United States 3.holding a series of summit meetings with leaders of the Soviet Union 4.establishing policies of economic and military aid for European nations Explanation: Two examples of these policies in action were the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments.

Correct Answer Number: 4

One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in all three wars 1.the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union 2.the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil supplies 3.the United States was fighting without allies 4.no formal declaration of war was made by Congress

Correct Answer Number: 4

The United States experience in the Vietnam War supports the idea that the outcome of a war 1.is determined mainly by technological superiority 2.is dependent on using the greatest number of soldiers 3.is assured to countries dedicated to democratic ideals 4.can be strongly affected by public opinion

Correct Answer Number: 4

The intent of the War Powers Act of 1973 is to limit the President's power to 1.send troops to rescue Americans held captive by terrorists in a foreign nation 2.use troops to defend against an armed attack on the United States 3.send troops to suppress a riot in an American city 4.commit troops to major military operations in a foreign nation Explanation: In both the Korean and Vietnam 'conflicts' no formal declaration of war by the US Congress was given. In the case of Korea, the conflict was a 'police action' carried out by the United Nations. In the case of Vietnam, the issuance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) gave then president Lyndon Johnson nearly unlimited power to "repel any armed attack against the United States and to prevent further aggression". In reaction to both of these conflicts, Congress passed the War Powers Act in 1973 which calls for the president as Commander-in-Chief to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops and to end such a conflict after 60 days, unless approved by Congress.

Correct Answer Number: 4

United States annexation of the Philippines (1898) and military involvement in Vietnam (1960's and 1970's) are similar because in each event the United States 1.achieved its long-range foreign policy objectives 2.put the domino theory into action 3.demonstrated the strength and success of its military power 4.provoked domestic debate about its involvement in the internal affairs of other nations Explanation: Many of the protestors opposed to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict believed the United States was overstepping its role by involving itself in Vietnam's internal struggles. Many disagreed with the government's assertion of the domino theory and believed that is was not the US's role to play "policeman". Many of the voices of dissent during the Philippine war of the early 20th century (such as William Jennings Bryan), questioned how the US could hold the ideals of democracy and freedom, while denying it to the Filipino people.

Correct Answer Number: 4

What was the main purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin air-lift? 1.controlling Nazism in Europe 2.establishing friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union 3.spreading democracy to developing nations 4.limiting Soviet expansion Explanation: The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments. In 1949 the USSR controlled, communist government of Eastern Germany blockaded access to the democratic, western half of Berlin (the city of Berlin was totally contained within Eastern Germany). Truman responded by ordering the Berlin Airlift, a dropping of food, medicine and supplies into the city by plane. These cases exemplify the policy of containment toward communism.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Which United States foreign policy decision most clearly reflects the relationship shown in the cartoon? 1.issuance of the Eisenhower Doctrine 2.quarantine of Cuba 3.support of Israel in the Six Day War 4.negotiation of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)

Correct Answer Number: 4

Which foreign policy decision by President Harry Truman is an example of the policy of containment? 1.relieving General MacArthur of his Korean command 2.recognizing the new nation of Israel 3.supporting the trials of war criminals in Germany and Japan 4.providing military aid to Greece and Turkey

Correct Answer Number: 4

Which would be the most appropriate entry for line D in the list below? I.The Cold War at home A. The McCarthy hearings B. Alger Hiss case C. House Un-American Activities Committee D. __________________ 1.Labor unrest 2.Racial segregation 3.Wage and price controls 4.Loyalty oaths Explanation: During the mania of the red scare in the early 1950's, many government employees, teachers, professors and others were required to take loyalty oaths or fear losing their jobs.

Correct Answer Number: 4