Cold War Notecards

Containment

A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances.

Camp David Accords

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel.

Marshall Plan

A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and southern Europe.

Iron Curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region.

Douglas MacArthur

After being in charge of Japan in WWII, he was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950-51, then being forced to relinquish command by President Truman.

Battle for Kashmir

After the partition of of India and Pakistan, the Hindu's and Muslims still angry with each other also fought of the small land area of Kashmir at the northern tip of India. UN arranged a cease-fire. 1/3 for Pakistani control and 2/3 for Indian control.

Oslo Peace Accords

An agreement in 1993 in which Israeli prime minister Rabin granted Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO.

Intifada

An uprising by Palestinian Arabs against Israel in the late 1980s.

Creation of Israel

In 1947, a United Nations resolution proposed that the Palestine Mandate should be divided into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jews then proclaimed the creation of an independent state of Israel on May 14, 1948.

Yasir Arafat

Leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and his goal was the destruction of Israel.

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.

Cuban Missile Crisis

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Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam. Used geurilla warfare to fight anti-communists, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it impossible to win.

Six-Day War

1967- Short conflict between Egypt and its allies against Israel won by Israel; Israel took over Jerusalem, the Sanai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank.

Cultural Revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.

Jiang Jieshi

Chinese nationalist leader that was against Mao; supported by the US; lost to Mao, so he and his followers fled to Taiwan and started their own government there.

Khmer Rouge

Communist rebels in Cambodia. Set up a brutal communist government under POl Pot.

Mao Zedong

Controlled communist China. Expanded China under him, People's Republic of China. Great Leap Forward was created by him. And he started the Cultural revolution.

Indira Gandhi

Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru. She was also prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977. Was assassinated by her Sikh body Guards.

Anwar Sadat

Former President of Egypt wanted to make peace with Israel. He was assassinated Oct. 6 1981 for making peace with Israel.

Vietcong

Guerrilla soldiers of the Communist faction in Vietnam.

Daniel Ortega

Sandinista president in Nicaragua who brought land reform and socialist policies.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Independent India's first prime minister. A devoted follower of Gandhi who was educated in Britain, he emphasized democracy, Cold War neutrality, and economic and social reform.

Congress Party

India's national political party.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state.

United Nations

International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers.

Golda Meir

Israeli politician; she was the prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War and sought assistance and supplies from the United States.

Berlin Airlift

Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into West Berlin (for citizens) after the Soviet blocked off all ground routes into the city.

Benazir Bhutto

She was elected twice as Pakistan's prime minister, and when she became prime minister of Pakistan, she became the first woman to govern a Muslim country.

Yalta Conference

Meeting with FDR, Winston Churchill, and and Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war including:

Partition of India and Pakistan

Muslims wanted a state of their own in fear that Muslim communities would face discrimination and danger in a predominantly Hindu India. The borders of the new states were not finalized which resulted in massive migrations and deaths. India was divided up; India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

Suez Crisis

Nasser took over the Suez Canal to show separation of Egypt from the West, but Israel, the British, Iraq, and France were all against Nasser's action. The U.S. stepped in before too much serious fighting began.

Non-aligned Nation

Nations of the Third World that as a group rejected alliance with either the United States or the former Soviet Union.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries.

38th Parallel

Official dividing line between North and South Korea.

Muslim League

Organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations.

PLO

Palestinian Liberation Organization; formed in 1964 with the purpose of creating a homeland for Palestinians in Israel.

Domino Theory

Political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.

Great Leap Forward

Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years.

Ngo Dihn Diem

The U.S. and France set up an anti-Communist government under him in South Vietnam.

Communes

The collective farms, which Mao had people, live, eat, and work at.

Third World

The region of the world containing a high concentration of underdeveloped or emergent countries.

Brinkmanship

The willingness to go to the brink of war to force an opponent to back down.

Red Guards

The youths who led Mao's Cultural Revolution. Wore red arm bands and carried his book. Terrorized Chinese citizens and determined who went to camps.

Cold War

This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.