College Biology Chapter 12

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

The DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called the:

Leading strand

Refer to Figure 12-2. The structures represented by the letter E are called:

Okazaki fragments

The final product of DNA replication is:

two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand.

Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5¢ - AGATCCG- 3¢?

3¢ - TCTAGGC- 5¢

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

A DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand.

The portion of the molecule in box 5 of Figure 12-1 is:

A phosphate

The portion of the molecule in box 3 of Figure 12-1 is:

A purine

The 5¢ end of each Okazaki fragment begins with:

A separate RNA primer

Refer to Figure 12-2. The correct designation for the DNA strand labeled C is:

A strand serving as a template

Two chains of DNA must run in __________ direction(s) and must be __________ if they are to bond with each other.

Antiparallel; complimentary

The first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were:

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5¢ to 3¢ direction?

Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3¢ end of a polynucleotide strand.

Cancerous cells differ from noncancerous cells in that cancerous cells:

Can maintain telomere length as they divide

If DNA replication rejoined the 2 parental strands, it would be termed:

Conservative

Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as __________.

Cytosine

Hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and __________, and between adenine and __________.

Cytosine; thymine

Which of the following causes the unwinding of the DNA double helix?

DNA helicase

Which of the following statements about DNA is false?

DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells

Okazaki fragments are joined together by:

DNA ligase

Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?

DNA polymerase

The bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that

DNA was injected into bacteria

Meselson and Stahl separated DNA from different generations using:

Density gradient centrifugation

__________ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA.

Franklin

Refer to Figure 12-2. The segments labeled F are responsible for:

Initiating DNA synthesis

Which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is FALSE?

It is a type of mismatch repair

Why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?

Its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences.

Refer to Figure 12-2. The enzyme represented by the letter D is responsible for:

Linking short DNA segments

Who first confirmed that the replication of DNA was semiconservative?

Meselson and Stahl

In replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by:

Single-strand binding protein

The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:

Specific nucleotides number of the DNA molecules

The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:

Sugar and phosphate

The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by:

Telomerase

__________, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event.

Telomeres

When cultured normal human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase:

The cells underwent more cell division than normal

How is the chromosome of bacterial cell replicated:

The circular DNA molecule is replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally.

X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine:

The distance between atoms of molecules

The main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather than DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell was:

The large number of amino acid combinations

How is the chromosome of a eukaryotic cell replicated:

The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally.

X-ray crystallography showed that DNA:

Was a helix

In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria:

Was an example of genetic exchange known as transformation

__________ determined the structure of the molecule DNA.

Watson and Crick

A replication fork:

is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously.

In DNA replication, the lagging strand:

is synthesized as a series of Okazaki fragments.

DNA primase is the enzyme responsible for:

making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation.

When a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one location in one strand is replicated:

the mutation is copied into one of the two daughter molecules.

When DNA copies itself,

the two strands separate and both strands serve as templates.

Enzymes called __________ form breaks in the DNA molecules to prevent the formation of knots in the DNA helix during replication.

topoisomerases

In Figure 12-1, the portion of the molecule in box __________ is a pyrimidine.

1

Mismatch repair occurs when:

enzymes remove incorrectly-paired nucleotides.

What prevents knot formation in replicating DNA?

Topoisomerases


Ensembles d'études connexes

AP Comparative Government - Iran

View Set

Pythagorean Theorem and Volume Review

View Set

Defining Research with Human Subjects

View Set

Fundamentals of Nursing EAQs Ch. 42 Death and Loss

View Set

ENT 466: FINAL EXAM (CHAPTERS 11-13)

View Set

FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL MARKETING

View Set

Evolve Ch 1: Mental Health and Mental Illness

View Set