College Biology Chapter 28 and 29

__________ is a common chytridiomycete which exhibits alternation of generation. a. Phytophthora b. Allomyces c. Amanita d. Penicillium e. Rhizopus

B. Allomyces

In flowering plants, the immature male gametophyte is the: a. anther. b. pollen grain. c. carpel. d. style. e. androecium

B. Pollen grain

Which of the following phyla is unusual, as it is composed of a single species? a. Gnetophtya b. Anthophyta c. Ginkgophyta d. Coniferophyta e. Cycadophyta

C. Ginkgophyta

Which of the following is a female reproductive structure in Figure 28-1? a. 1 b. 7 c. 5 d. 8 e. 3

D. 8

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing: a. zygospores. b. ascospores. c. asci. d. basidia. e. mycorrhizae

D. Basidia

Reproduction in the black bread mold occurs between __________ hyphae. a. male and female b. + and - c. dikaryotic and monokaryotic d. heterothallic and homothallic e. sterile and self-sterile

b. + and -

In Figure 28-2, the zygote is the structure labeled: a. 1. b. 4. c. 8. d. 17. e. 21

c. 8

In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called: a. a hypha. b. a gametangium. c. a fruiting body. d. an oogonium. e. an antheridium.

c. A fruiting body

Refer to Figure 29-1. The fungus illustrated in Figure A is: a. multicellular. b. coenocytic. c. septate. D. dikaryotic. e. monokaryotic

B. Coenocytic

Fungi can grow under all of the following conditions except: a. concentrated salt solutions. b. an environment with a very low pH of 3. c. a dry environment. d. jelly or other sugar solutions. e. a cold, refrigerated environment

C. a dry environment

Which one of the following is mismatched? a. bread mold-zygomycetes b. Allomyces-chytridiomycetes c. mushrooms-basidiomycetes d. sac fungi-ascomycetes e. Dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes

E. Dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes

The structure labeled 2 in Figure 28-1 is the: a. stigma. b. style. c. receptacle. d. ovary. e. filament.

E. Filament

The largest cones produced on a pine tree, the ones we are typically most familiar with, are the female cones that contain: a. megasporangia. b. microsporangia. c. pollen. d. microspores. e. antheridia

A. Megasporangia

During pollination of flowering plants, pollen lands on the: a. stigma. b. style. c. carpel. d. anther. e. filament

A. Stigma

Dikaryotic cells are denoted as: a. n + n. b. n - n. c. n. d. 2n. e. 2n - n.

A. n + n

What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom? a. underground mycelium b. above ground mycelium c. underground fruiting body d. above ground ascocarp e. underground ascocarp

A. underground mycelium

Cycads may be characterized as being: a. dioecious and having nonmotile sperm. b. dioecious and having motile sperm. c. monoecious and having nonmotile sperm. d. monoecious and having motile sperm. e. the most primitive flowering plants

B. Dioecious and having motile sperm

In plants, phloem is associated with transport of: a. water only. b. dissolved sugars. c. water and minerals. d. minerals only. e. plant hormones only

B. Dissolved sugars

The process occurring at point 3 in Figure 29-2 is: a. asexual reproduction. b. fertilization. c. meiosis. d. mitosis. e. zygote germination

B. Fertilization

In plants, ovaries develop into: a. seeds. b. fruits. c. corolla. d. calyx. e. bracts

B. Fruits

What am I? I am coenocytic, lack sexual reproduction, and reproduce asexually via blastospores. a. Zygomycetes b. Glomeromycetes c. Basidiomycetes d. Ascomycetes e. Chytridiomycetes

B. Glomeromycetes

The structure labeled 9 in Figure 29-2 was produced by: a. fertilization of two zygotes. b. meiosis in the resting sporangium. c. meiosis in the zoosporangium. d. mitosis in the resting sporangium. e. mitosis in the zoosporangium

B. Meiosis in the resting sporangium

Angiosperms have __________ in their phloem. a. sporophylls b. sieve tube elements c. phloem vessels d. generative cells e. stalk cells

B. Sieve tube elements

Which of the following statements concerning microsporidia is FALSE? a. Some divide by binary fission. b. They have mitochondria and Golgi complexes. c. They have a feeding stage and a reproductive stage. d. They are parasitic. e. They are classified with the zygomycetes.

B. They have mitochondria and Golgi complexes

Pine pollen is primarily disseminated by: a. birds. b. wind. c. water. d. beetles. e. moths.

B. Wind

Leaf __________ in the fall is an adaptation for flowering plants to survive harsh winters in temperate climates. a. desiccation b. photosynthesis c. abscission d. growth e. production

C. Abscission

Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi? a. membrane-bounded nuclei b. mitochondria c. cell wall of lipopolysaccharides d. primarily terrestrial in habitat e. reproduction via spores

C. Cell wall of lipopolysaccharides

Extracts from the ginkgo tree are sold in over the counter (OTC) medicines purported to increase memory. Extracts from what other gymnosperm are also sold in OTC medicines, some of which have useful effects and others of which have controversial effects? a. Archaeopteris b. Eucalyptus c. Ephedra d. Sequoiadendron e. Welwitschia

C. Ephedra

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as: a. deciduous. b. dioecious. c. monoecious. d. homosporous. e. heterosporous

C. Monoecious

Pollination is occurring at the point of Figure 28-2 labeled: a. Process A. b. Process B. c. Process C. d. Process D. e. Process C and also Process D.

C. Process C

An example of a member of phylum Zygomycota is: a. the common edible mushroom. b. yeast. c. the black bread mold. d. the truffle. e. a microsporidium

C. The black bread mold

Which is NOT a member of phylum Ascomycota? a. morels b. yeast c. the black bread mold. d. truffles e. powdery mildews

C. The black bread mold

The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically: a. haploid (1n). b. diploid (2n). c. triploid (3n). d. quadraploid (4n). e. pentaploid (5n).

C. Tripolid (3n)

When plants have a distinct haploid stage and diploid stage, this is referred to as: a. asexual and sexual generations. b. binary generations. c. mitotic and meiotic generations. d. alternation of generations. e. parthenocarpy.

D. Alternation of generations

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the: a. gymnosperms. b. bryophytes. c. ferns. d. angiosperms. e. lycopods

D. Angiosperms

In a flowering plant, the __________ is the site of meiosis and, ultimately, the production of pollen. a. stigma b. style c. carpel d. anther e. filament

D. Anther

Yeasts reproduce asexually by: a. meiosis. b. binary fission. c. ascospores. d. budding. e. forming a secondary mycelium

D. Budding

The cell walls of fungi are composed of: a. cellulose. b. lipids. c. glycogen. d. chitin. e. chlorophyll.

D. Chitin

Which group of fungi has hyphae that are multinucleate and not divided by septa? a. monokaryotic b. unicellular c. ascomycete d. coenocytic e. sporophyllous

D. Coenocytic

In flowering plants, the __________ generation is dominant. a. haploid gametophyte b. diploid gametophyte c. haploid sporophyte d. diploid sporophyte e. triploid endosperm

D. Diploid sporophyte

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is: a. gametes formed by mitosis. b. alternation of generations. c. cell walls. d. flagellated cells. e. both sexual and asexual reproduction

D. Flagellated cells

A __________ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi. a. thallus b. protonema c. fruiting body d. hypha e. septum

D. Hypha

If a flower has sepals, petals, and stamens but lacks carpels, then that flower is: a. complete and imperfect. b. complete and perfect. c. incomplete and perfect. d. incomplete and imperfect. e. almost complete and almost perfect.

D. Incomplete and imperfect

A __________ is a tangled mass of hyphae. a. sporocarp b. sporangia c. zygospore d. mycelium e. coenocyte

D. Mycelium

An example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete is: a. chestnut blight. b. Dutch elm disease. c. verticillium wilt on potatoes. d. wheat rust. e. ergot of rye

D. Wheat rust

A basic difference between gymnosperms and flowering plants is: a. gymnosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within a fruit, while flowering plants produce seeds borne naked. b. gymnosperms produce flowers that have floral parts arranged in threes, or multiples of threes, while flowering plants have floral parts arranged in fours or in multiples of four. c. gymnosperms produce only cones, while flowering plants produce both flowers and cones. d. gymnosperms produce seeds borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. e. gymnosperms produce "naked" ovules, while flowering plants produce "naked" seeds.

D. gymnosperms produce seeds borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

Which of the following is not an adaptation of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary success? a. seed production b. a wide variety of pollination strategies c. efficient water-conducting cells d. broad leaves with large surface areas e. adaptability of the gametophyte generation

E. Adaptability of the gametophyte generation

Which of the following statements concerning gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE? A. Both groups are heterosporous. b. In both groups the sporophyte generation is dominant. c. Both groups posses vascular tissues. d. Both groups produce seeds. e. Both groups have free-living gametophytes.

E. Both groups have free-living gametophytes

Most fungal spores are __________ reproductive cells that are produced __________. a. motile; sexually only b. motile; asexually only c. nonmotile; sexually only d. nonmotile; asexually only e. nonmotile; sexually or asexually

E. Nonmotile; sexually or asexually

The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the: a. antheridium. b. stigma and style of the pistil. c. prothallium. d. megasporophyte of the cones. e. ovule of the ovary

E. Ovule of the ovary

Seeds are reproductively superior to spores because: a. seeds contain a multicellular young plant. b. only seeds can survive for an extended period of time. c. seeds are used as a food source for humans. d. seeds are protected by a multicellular seed coat. e. seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat.

E. Seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat

In plants, xylem is associated with the transportation of: a. water and minerals. b. food. c. nutrients. d. water and food. e. dissolved sugars

Water and minerals

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as: a. a monocot. b. a gymnosperm. c. a eudicot. d. a gnetophyte. e. a cotyledonous plant.

a. A monocot

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called: a. asci. b. basidia. c. gemmae. d. conidiophores. e. conidia

a. Asci

Members of phylum __________ are the most primitive of the fungi and were previously classified as protists. a. Chytridiomycota b. Zygomycota c. Glomeromycota d. Ascomycota e. Basidiomycota

a. Chytridiomycota

In a mushroom, the primary mycelium is composed of __________ cells. a. monokaryotic b. dikaryotic c. homothallic d. coenocytic e. prokaryotic

a. Monokaryotic

In plants, ovules develop into: a. seeds. b. fruits. c. corolla. d. calyx. e. bracts

a. Seeds

When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored: a. spores. b. hyphae. c. mycelia. d. ascocarps. e. thalli

a. Spores

How many sperm cells contribute to the process of reproduction in angiosperms? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

b. 2

Which of the structures in Figure 28-1 is largely responsible for attracting potential pollinators? a. 1 b. 7 c. 10 d. 8 e. 3

b. 7

Refer to Figure 29-1. The structure labeled 1 is: a. a conidium. b. a perforated septum. c. a hypha. d. a basidium. e. a spore

b. A perforated septum

Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as: a. basidiospores. B. basidiocarps. c. myceliae. d. hyphae. e. gills

b. Basidiocarps

Black bread mold is __________, which means that it is self-sterile. a. heterozygous b. heterothallic c. hetertrophic d. mycotoxic e. coenocytic

b. Heterothallic

Mycorrhizae benefit plants by: a. increasing photosynthetic area. b. increasing absorptive surface area of roots. c. increasing chlorophyll content. d. increasing leaf area. e. increasing stem length.

b. Increasing absorptive surface area of roots

After fertilization in angiosperms, the ovule develops into the: a. ovary. b. seed. c. pollen grain. d. stigma. e. fruit.

b. Seed

Refer to Figure 29-2. The structure labeled 11 is: a. a zygote. b. a gamete. c. a sporangium. d. a zoosporangium. e. a zoospore

c. A sporangium

An example of a unicellular fungus is: a. a mold. b. a mushroom. c. a yeast. d. a rust. e. a smut.

c. A yeast

Which of the following statements concerning mycorrhizae is FALSE? a. They are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a plant root. b. They increase the uptake of nutrient minerals by the plant. c. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular. d. Endomycorrhizae are intracellular. e. Members of the Glomeromycota may be involved

c. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular

The characteristic brown, blue-green, pink, or other tints of ascomycetes are due to the color of their __________. a. mycelia b. hyphae c. conidia d. sporangia e. ascospores

c. Conidia

Which of the following gymnosperm groups has the most efficient water-conducting cells? a. Coniferophyta b. Ginkgophyta c. Cycadophyta d. Gnetophyta e. Pteridophyta

d. Gnetophyta

The male product of meiosis is the structure in Figure 28-2 labeled: a. 5. b. 10. c. 13. d. 18. e. 20

e. 20

Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores called: a. asci. b. basidia. c. gemmae. d. conidiophores. e. conidia.

e. Conidia

Evidence from vascular tissues and developmental stages suggests that stamens evolved from: a. stems. b. pollen grains. c. roots. e. leaves. d. megasporangia

e. Leaves