Com 100 final

8 Important aspects in delivering speech

overcoming anxiety, setting the tone, considering language and style, incoperating visual aids, being aware of time, choosing delivery method, projecting a speaking persona, practicing and putting your speech into action

Stonewalling

partners stop communicating

Individualistic cultures

people who emphasize individual identities, goals and rights over those in group

Reflected Appraisal

people's self image arise primarily from the ways in which others perceive them and from the messages they receive from others.

Internal

personal characheristic

4 components of language

phonology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics

Sensing

physiological awareness of sound waves (passive)

Understanding

processing and making meaning about what were sensing

Persona

public identity created by speaker.

Scripts

relatively fixed sequence of events you expect to occur during interactions with others.

Relationship Conflict

resulting from either personality clashes or negative emotional interactions between two or more people. For example, you may have a conflict with your cube mate because you keep a very tidy workspace and his is always messy. This irritates you and causes tension in the cubicle.

Pragmatics

seeks to understand patterns or rules people follow

Attentional Bias

more likely to attribute your own negative behavior to external causes, positive actions to internal states.

Particular Others

most important people in your life whose perceptions, opinions, and behavior influence various aspects of your identity.

2 Types of cognitive response

one example would be a fire alarm as you have a map of what to do in your head. Another would be police officer as you know that they're safety.

Tips for speech

overcoming anxiety, preparing carefully, practice your speech before you give it, focus on a friendly foe, try relaxation techniques, take yourself into a strong performance, consider the importance of your topic to other, give speeches

Selective listening

tune in only when information is sailent.

Ambushing

tune in so as to attack

Defensive listening

1.) see innocuous comments as personal attacks 2.) refuse to take responsibility for actions 3.) can't handle constructive criticism

Co-rumination for boys

Boy co-rumination is way different they develop close friendships but aren't developing depression or anxiety.

How can field of experience affect communication?

Can effect your experience as it gives you more of an educated experience.

How can channels influence meaning?

Channels can influence meaning when its over texting/messaging you could portray a different than they intend to convoy.

4 Horseman of apocalypse

Criticism, Defensivness, Contempt, Stonewalling

Hyperbole

Figure of speech that exaggerates a charachterisitc to capture audiences attention.

Barriers to listening

Physical and physiological

What makes it easier for participants to communicate?

It makes it easier for participants to communicate when they have a lot in common interest.

4 Step Listening Process

Sensing, understand, responding, evaluating

External

Situational

Pseudolistening

Pretending to listen

Forms of non-listening

Pseudolistening, monopolizing, selective listening, defensive listening, ambushing, literal listening

Syntax

Rules that govern word order

Male

Tend to be instrumental, competitive, assertive. Usually expected not as big words (should ,would, could)

Communication

a transitional process in which people generate meaning then the exchange of verbal and non verbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces embed in culture.

4 Listening Styles

action-oriented, content-oriented, people-oriented, time-oriented

Absolutism

already have a decision set for you, you're not changing your mind.

Contextual Rule

appropriate verbal behavior depending on community you might talk quietly or not at all acting sub-dued.

Saphir Whorf Hypothesis

argues that language people speak determines the way they see the world

Evaluating

assessing our own reaction, making judgment about what we have come to understand

Criticism

attacking the partner's personality or character

Defensiveness

attempts by partners to protect or defend identity.

Fundamental attribution error

attributing others negative behavior to internal causes and positive behavior to external causes.

Physical

auditory noise, tired, hearing disabilities

Contempt

behavior desgined to insult psychologically harm the partner

3 Causes of conflict

behavioral conflict, personal conflict, relationship conflict

Physiological

bored, preoccupied, defensive (strong emotion and ego), preconceived idea's (such as prejudgment of the speaker based on social status, appearance or prejudgment of the content) (mind)

Direct conflict skills

competitive fighting, compromising, collaborating

4 Purposes of conflict

conflict is persuasive, it helps us regulate relationships. Helps us to be catharisis, helps us clarify issues.

Considerations when selecting topic

consider the speaking location, consider the interest you have with your topic can you relate to it, lastly sort of similar to last one consider your relationship to the speech topic (do you have interest in the topic)

Monopolizing

conversational rerouters

Content and relationship

denotative and connotative. Denotative is the concreate meaning of the message in the dictionary. Involves emotion.

Personal Conflict

disagreement between two parties in person

Transactional

each is a senser and receiver at the same time. Meaning is created as people communicate together. Its an on going process.

Collective Culture

emphasize group identity, goals and concerns over desires.

Audience Analysis

finding out/understanding what the audience already knows about the topic, who they are what they need to know about the speaker and what their expectations might be for the presentation.

Steps to developing speech

first step is to narrow your topic secondly you must identify your main points. Thirdly you must identify your thesis statement. Fourth find supporting material to make your argument strong.

Internal Noise

hunger or sleepiness and semantic interferences such as when speakers are blasting and you don't know the words.

Purpose's of public speaking

identify wheather you are informing, persuading or entertaining.

Time oriented

impatient listeners. Don't value talk as relational activity, prefer no detail (good in emergency situations)

Behavioral conflict

in behavior-based conflict, a behavior that is effective in one role (e.g., an authoritarian interaction style) is inappropriately applied to the other role reducing one's effectiveness in the role

Relativism

in the moment decision making.

Indirect conflict skills

indirect fighting, avoiding, yielding

Social Hierarchy

it's understood when discussing individual and societal forces.

Specific Purpose

its what you would like to inform or persuade them of, what type of feelings you want to evoke. A specific purpose would be informing your audience why the guy that killed jfk did it.

Action oriented

listen for information. People use talk to direct, to get things done.

Literal Listening

listen only at content level of meaning.

People oriented

listen to narratives/story an listen to better understand people and relationships.

Content oriented

listen to the message to evaluate it (debate, critique, analyze)

External Noise

loud music or voices humming air condition or bizarre dress or hairstyle.

Frame

structures that shape how people interpret their perceptions. Ex: bad moods direct the attention to a negative event.

Semantics

study of meaning

Phonology

study of sounds and how they communicate meanings in various languages.

Metacommunication

talking about how you and partner communicate.

Jargon

technical terminology associated with specific topic.

Female

tend to be more supportive, egaltarian, personal and disclosive

Interpret

the act of assigning meaning to sensory information.

Generalized Others

the collection of roles, rules, norms, beliefs and attitudes endorsed by the community you live in.

Select

the information that you hear but select what you actually focus on.

Prototypes

the most typical or representative example of a person or concept. Ex: professor being a male having white hair tweed jacket, leather patches.

Cascade

the negative behavior of one person triggering another person's negative behavoir in such way that their conflict patterns escalate, leading to decline in relationship satisfaction.

Androcentrism

the paring of maleness with humanity and consequent implication that females are in separate category.

Organize

the process by which one recognizes what sensory detail input represents.

Listening

the process of receiving, contructing meaning from and responding to messages.

Public Speaking

the process of speaking with a purpose to a group of people in a formal setting.

Attributions theory

the process we use to judge our own and others behavior.

Identity

the social categories you identify with as well as the categories that others identify with you.

Symbols

the words people speak and gestures that they use. Something that represents something else and conveys meaning.

Reason's Public Speaking is important

they are a requirement for success in most jobs. People need to become adept to public speakers so they can advocate for what is best for them

Speech Act Theory

tries to understand when people are communicating that they aren't just saying something, they're actually doing something.

Responding

verbal and non verbal acknowledgement of speaker.

Cocultural Theory

view of relationship between power and language.

Self Serving Bias

we tend to give ourselves more credit than is due when good things happen, and we accept too little responsibility for those things that go wrong.

Relationship

what the message conveys about the relationship between parties.

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

when an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will.

Conversational rules and example

when asked a question your expected to answer.

Co-rumination for girls

when girls co-ruminate they spend a high percentage of time dwelling on problems and concerns causing them to feel sad and hopeless about their problems because its in the front of their mind causing depression. It makes them more worried about their problems

Conflict

when interdependent parties perceive that they have incompatible interests related to the distribution of limited resources.

Emotional flooding

when people become highly aroused and disorganized in response to their partners negative statements.

Labels

when people categorizing other people.

Stereotyping

when you create a schemas that overgeneralize attributes of group to which others belong. Ex: assuming males are always talking about sports.

Self concept

your perceptions of your unique characteristics as well as your similarties to and differences from others.