Com B midterm 1

1. What are the four tips for your conclusion?

1. As with the introduction, keep an eye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech. 2. Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. Be creative in devising a conclusion that hits the hearts and minds of your audience. Work on several possible endings, and select the one that seems likely to have the greatest impact. 3. Don't be long-winded. The conclusion will normally make up no more than 5 to 10 percent of your speech. 4. Don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance. Work it out in detail, and give yourself plenty of time to practice delivering it. Many students like to write out the conclusion word for word to guarantee it is just right. If you do this, make sure you can present it smoothly, confidently, and with feeling—without relying on your notes or sounding wooden. Make your last impression as forceful and as favorable as you can.

What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?

1. Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written translates into spoken discourse. 2. Prepare your speaking outline. 3. Practice the speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline. Be sure to "talk through" all examples and to recite in full all quotations and statistics. If your speech includes visual aids, use them as you practice. 4. Now begin to polish and refine your delivery. Practice the speech in front of a mirror to check for eye contact and distracting mannerisms. Record the speech to gauge volume, pitch, rate, pauses, and vocal variety. Most important, try it out on friends, roommates, family members—anyone who will listen and give you an honest appraisal. Because your speech is designed for people rather than for mirrors or recorders, you need to find out ahead of time how it goes over with people. 5. Finally, give your speech a dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face in class. Some students like to try the speech a couple times in an empty classroom the day before the speech is due. No matter where you hold your last practice session, you should leave it feeling confident and looking forward to speaking in your class.

1. What are six tips for your introduction?

1. Keep the introduction relatively brief. U 2. Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you your research. File them with your notes so they will be handy when you are ready for them. 3. Be creative in devising your introduction. 4. Don't worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. After you have determined your main points, it will be much easier to make final decisions about how to begin the speech. 5. Work out your introduction in detail. 6. When you present the speech, don't start talking too soon. Make sure the audience has quieted down and is focused on you before you begin. Establish eye contact with the audience, smile, and then launch into your opening words. Give yourself every chance to make sure your introduction has the desired impact.

1. What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in your speeches?

APPROPRIATENESS TO THE OCCASION APPROPRIATENESS TO THE AUDIENCE APPROPRIATENESS TO THE TOPIC APPROPRIATENESS TO THE SPEAKER

1. What four usages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?

Avoid the Generic "He" Avoid the Use of "Man" When Referring to Both Men and Women Avoid Stereotyping Jobs and Social Roles by Gender Avoid Stereotyping Jobs and Social Roles by Gender

1. What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?

Check with thesaurus? USE FAMILIAR WORDS CHOOSE CONCRETE WORDS ELIMINATE CLUTTER

What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are best for informative vs. persuasive speeches?

Chronological Order spatial order A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. A method of speech organization in which the main points show a causeeffect relationship. problem-solution order A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem. topical order A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

1. Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?

Credibility: The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

What two things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical

DON'T OVERESTIMATE WHAT THE AUDIENCE KNOWS RELATE THE SUBJECT DIRECTLY TO THE AUDIENCE

1. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?

Descriptions, comparisons, contrasts

What are the four objectives of a speech introduction?

Get the attention and interest of your audience. ■ Reveal the topic of your speech. ■ Establish your credibility and goodwill. ■ Preview the body of the speech.

1. What are the elements of good speech delivery?

Good delivery does not call attention to itself. It conveys the speaker's ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience. Most audiences prefer delivery that combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributes of good conversation—directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication.

1. What are two ways you can signal the end of a speech?

How do you let an audience know your speech is ending? One way is through what you say. "In conclusion," "My purpose has been," "Let me end by saying"—these are all brief cues that you are getting ready to stop. crescendo ending A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity. dissolve ending A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

1. What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?

IMAGERY RHYTHM

1. Why is it important to outline your speeches?

Just because

1. What are three tips for preparing your main points?

Keep Main Points Separate Try to Use the Same Pattern of Wording for Main Points Balance the Amount of Time Devoted to Main Points

1. Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly?

Not surprisingly, the group that heard the original, unscrambled speech scored much higher than the other group. 3

1. What kinds of visual aids might you use in a speech?

OBJECTS AND MODELS PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS GRAPHS CHARTS VIDEO THE SPEAKER POWERPOINT

1. What are four aspects of bodily action you should concentrate on in your speeches?

PERSONAL APPEARANCE MOVEMENT GESTURES EYE CONTACT

1. What guidelines are given in the chapter for preparing visual aids, what about presenting visual aids?

PREPARE VISUAL AIDS WELL IN ADVANCE KEEP VISUAL AIDS SIMPLE MAKE SURE VISUAL AIDS ARE LARGE ENOUGH USE A LIMITED AMOUNT OF TEXT USE FONTS EFFECTIVELY USE COLOR EFFECTIVELY USE IMAGES STRATEGICALLY DISPLAY VISUAL AIDS WHERE LISTENERS CAN SEE THEM AVOID PASSING VISUAL AIDS AMONG THE AUDIENCE DISPLAY VISUAL AIDS ONLY WHILE DISCUSSING THEM EXPLAIN VISUAL AIDS CLEARLY AND CONCISELY TALK TO YOUR AUDIENCE, NOT TO YOUR VISUAL AID PRACTICE WITH YOUR VISUAL AIDS CHECK THE ROOM AND EQUIPMENT

1. What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?

People find a speaker's message more interesting, grasp it more easily, and retain it longer when it is presented visually as well as verbally. In fact, when used properly, visual aids can enhance almost every aspect of a speech.

1. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?

Relate the Topic to the Audience State the Importance of Your Topic Startle the Audience Arouse the Curiosity of the Audience Question the Audience Begin with a Quotation Tell a Story

1. What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in the chapter? Give an example of a good specific purpose statement for each type.

SPEECHES ABOUT OBJECTS , glass SPEECHES ABOUT PROCESSES making glass SPEECHES ABOUT EVENTS glass making convention, 1979 SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS belief theology shit

1. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

Summarize Your Speech End with a Quotation Make a Dramatic Statement Refer to the Introduction

What are four kinds of speech connectives? What role does each play in a speech?

TRANSITIONS INTERNAL PREVIEWS INTERNAL SUMMARIES A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. SIGNPOST: A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.

1. What are four methods of speech delivery?

There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: (1) reading verbatim from a manuscript, (2) reciting a memorized text, (3) speaking impromptu, and (4) speaking extemporaneously. Let us look at each.

1. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?

VOLUME PITCH RATE PAUSES VOCAL VARIETY PRONUNCIATION ARTICULATION DIALECT

1. What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audience?

Whenever you can, put your listeners into the body of the speech. After all, nothing interests people more than themselves. Find ways to talk about your topic in terms of your listeners. Bring your material home to them. Get it as close to them as possible.

1. What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning?

denotative meaning The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase. connotative meaning The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

1. What is nonverbal communication? Why is it important to public speaking?

nonverbal communication Communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.

1. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?

of a speech. Follow the Visual Framework Used in the Preparation Outline Make Sure the Outline Is Legible Keep the Outline as Brief as Possible Give Yourself Cues for Delivering the Speech

1. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in this chapter for writing a preparation outline?

preparation outline: - A detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech. State the Specific Purpose of Your Speech Identify the Central Idea Label the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion Use a Consistent Pattern of Symbolization and Indentation State Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences Label Transitions, Internal Summaries, and Internal Previews Attach a Bibliography Give Your Speech a Title, if One Is Desired